(4) Theoretical and Numerical Combustion, Thierry Poinsot and Denis Veynante,
Edwards, 2005
Outline of the Course
Candle
Kuwait Forest fire
Diesel engine Oil fire
Spray Combustion Processes in DI Diesel Engines
산업의 고도 성장
DNS of primary atomization
Spray Flamefield in GT Combustor
Characteristics of Turbulent Flows
• Irregularity or Randomness
• Diffusivity
• Large Reynolds Numbers
• 3-D Vorticity Fluctuations
• Dissipation
• Continuum
• Turbulence is not a feature of
fluids but of fluid flows
• Integral Scale ( A t)
- Mean size of the large eddies
∞ with ν x′ (r )ν x′ (0)
A t = ∫ Rx (r )dr R(r ) =
0 ν x′,rms (r )ν x′,rms (0)
Re(r )
- Reynolds number for each turbulent scale
u ′(r )r
Re(r ) =
υ u ′A t
when r = A t R e t = R e( A t ) = = In tegral R eyno ld s N um b er
υ
( Re t =100~200 in most combustors)
- Large-scale turbulent flows are mainly controlled by inertia
Scales in Turbulent Flows
• Kolmogorov Scale( ηk )
- Smallest length scale at which TKE is converted to fluid internal
energy through the viscous dissipation
u′2 (r ) u′(r )3
1/ 4
⎛υ ⎞3
ηk = ⎜ ⎟ with ε = = = Dissipation Rate of TKE
⎝ε ⎠ r / u′(r ) r
At u ′3 / ε
= 3 = Re 3/ 4
η k (υ / ε ) 1/ 4 t
u ′(r ) ⎛ ε ⎞
1/ 3
κ ):
Strain( κ (r ) = =⎜ 2 ⎟
r ⎝r ⎠ 1/ 3
r ⎛r ⎞
2
Characteristic time scale of an eddy of size r : τ m ( r ) = =⎜ ⎟
u ′(r ) ⎝ ε ⎠
Strain rates at η k and A :
t
ε ε ε
κ (ηk ) = , κ ( A ) = ~
υ u ′2 k
t
κ (ηk ) A t u′
= = Ret
κ (A t ) υ
Scales in Turbulent Flows
Taylor Microscale ( Aλ ) :
- A ηk < A λ < A t ( A λ is weighted more towards the smaller scales)
′
urms rms velocity fluctuation
Aλ = 1/ 2
=
⎡⎛ ∂u ⎞ 2 ⎤ mean strain rate
⎢⎜ ⎟ ⎥
⎢⎣⎝ ∂x ⎠ ⎥⎦
Characteristics of isotropic homogenous eddy
Turbulent Kinetic Energy Spectrum