Bonds Market in Pakistan

BONDS MARKET IN
PAKISTAN

BONDS MARKET IN PAKISTAN
1

Institute of Business Management
College of Business Management

Financial Institutions
Term Report

Submitted To:
Sir Sharique Ayubi
Submitted By:
Farzeen Rais (14603)
Contact No: 0346-2816292
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to take the opportunity to thank Almighty Allah for all His blessings and help
that He has bestowed upon me that I was able to use my mental capacities and work on this
report so productively.
I would also like to thank my respected teacher Sir Sharique Ayubi for giving us the essential
knowledge of the course Financial Institutions, and without whom the completion of the
report would have been impossible, he not only guided me but made my concepts clear and
broaden my intellectual mind. Next, I would like to thank my father Mr Rais Ahmed and all
the employers of banks and financial companies who helped me in collecting the data and
survey method.
While working on this report, I gained immense insight and knowledge and it is hoped that
my effort and ability is reflected in the hard work that has made this report possible.

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Table of Contents

Introduction 4
Bonds Prices Fluctuate Inversely with Market Interests Rate 4
Types of Bonds

5
Bonds Market in Financial Development

6
Background of Pakistan Bond Market 8
1) Bonds Automated Trading System
2) Debt Security Trustees Regulations
8
9
LITERATURE REVIEW 10
1) Literature 1
2) Literature 2
10
14
Opportunities: New Bonds in Pakistan 19
Methodology 20
1) Research Method
2) Sample Method
3) Procedure
20
20
20
Results 21
1) Result Table of Questionnaire
2) Discussion
21
22
Conclusion 23
Appendix 24
References 25

4

INTRODUCTION

Bond Markets:
Debt markets are utilized by both firms and governments to raise reserves for long
term purposes, however most financing by firms is financed by retained profits. Bonds
are long- term borrowing.
Major issuers of securities are governments (Treasury securities in US, gilts in the
UK, Bunds in Germany) and firms, which issue corporate bonds.
Important characteristics of Bonds involve:
Residual maturity (redemption date): Over the long term, the leftover maturity of any
bond abbreviates. Bonds are ordered into 'short-term' (with satisfies five years);
'medium-term'(from five to fifteen years); 'long-term'(over fifteen years).
Bonds pay fixed rate of interest, called coupon. It is usually made in two portions, at
six-month to month interim, each one equivalent to half of the rate specified in the
bond's coupon.
The coupon divided by the par value of the bond (100 Euro) gives the coupon rate on
the bond. The par value of bonds is normally 100 Euro (or other currency).
Nonetheless, since the arrangements for issue require some time, economic situations
may change in such a path as to make the bonds ugly at their existing coupon at the
time they are offered available to be purchased. They will then must be sold at a
discount to 100 Euro, so as to make the coupon rate appropriate the market rate of
interest. If, vice versa, the market interests rates fall, the coupon may make the bond
engaging at a cost over 100 Euro. In these cases the issuers cost has reached to the
point where the coupon expressed as a rate of the current price approximates the new
market rate.

Bonds prices fluctuate inversely with market interests rate:

If market rate rises, individuals like to hold the new, higher-yielding issues than
existing bonds. Existing bonds will be sold and their value will fall. Inevitably,
existing bonds with different coupons will be readily held, however just when there
are making a last-minute adjustment to the cost which they hope will make the
securities worthy to the market.
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TYPES OF BONDS

Callable and Putable Bonds:
Callable bonds could be recovered at the issuers discretion preceding the specified
maturity (redemption) date. Putable bonds might be sold once more to the issuer on
specified dates, preceding the redemption date.
Convertible Bonds:
These are generally corporate bonds, issued with the option for holders to change over
into some other asset on specified terms at a future date. Transformation is ordinarily
into equities in the firm, however it might sometimes be into floating rate notes.
Eurobonds:
Eurobonds are bonds issued in a nation other than that of the currency of
denomination. In this way bonds issued in US dollars in London are Eurobonds, as are
yen bonds issued in New York. Eurobonds are issued by governments however all the
more usually by companies.
Floating Rate Notes (FRNs):
These are corporate securities where the coupon could be balanced at decided
beforehand intervals. The adjustment will be made by reference to some benchmark
rate, specified when the security is initially issued. A FRN may define, for instance,
that its coupon should be fifty premise focuses over six-month Treasury bill rate, or
six-month LIBOR, balanced at regular intervals. FRNs are, to some degree, a reaction
to high and variable inflation rates.
Foreign Bonds:
These are corporate bonds, issued in the country of denomination, by a firm based
outside that denomination. Hence, a US firm may issue a sterling bond in London.
J unk Bonds:
Junk Bonds are corporate Bonds whose issuers are regarded by bond credit rating
agencies as being of high hazard. They will convey a rate of interest no less than 200
basis points focuses over that for the corresponding bonds issued by high quality
borrowers.

6

BONDS MARKET IN FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT

With the ascent of monetary liberalization and globalization throughout the most
recent two decades, numerous developing economies have had a complex build in
their security markets. People in general and private divisions have both began to get
to security markets to meet their investment and current expenditures.
Governments want to issue securities in their own particular markets as an alluring
elective to conventional bank acquiring. Before money related liberalization, under
directed fiscal administrations, governments in creating nations could essentially
compel nearby banks to hold government paper by upholding requesting store
necessities and qualitative controls. Accordingly, for some nations, government
setbacks were "inflation financed." The choice of remote getting likewise got
prohibitive with the liberalization of monetary markets; under adaptable swapping
scale administrations and associative free capital streams, governments embraced
hostile to inflationary strategies. In this new environment, governments turned
progressively to bonds markets to meet their budgetary deficits.
Be that as it may, the part of security markets is much more extensive and of more
terrific result than being simply a financing source. Obligation markets are basic for
an overall adjusted monetary framework in which the administration security business
sector assumes a significant part. The bonds market assumes a focal part in financial
development for the following reasons:

Debt markets make financial markets more complete, and by determining
market interest rates that are commensurate with the opportunity cost of
funds for various maturities and levels of risk, they generate market signals
for efficient investment and financing decisions and the allocation of
financial resources.

Active bond markets provide liquidity, which reduces the cost of
intermediation and makes it possible to hedge maturity risks at lower
transaction costs.

Economies with developed bond markets avoid concentrating
intermediation in the banking sector by spreading some corporate risk over
their capital markets. Bond markets also offer households and institutions
alternatives to bank deposits.

Bond markets generate important signals for the conduct of macroeconomic
policy. Since bond markets react quickly to policy decisions, they generate
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an immediate signal as to the sustainability of fiscal policies, allowing
governments to adjust their policies. When consumer finance and
mortgages are linked to bond rates, an increase in bond rates has an
immediate political impact that politicians are unlikely to miss. Similarly,
bond markets exert a disciplinary influence on monetary policy. Excessive
monetary expansion builds up inflation expectations and pushes up long-
term rates. Bond yields respond quickly to policy decisions, and such
messages usually have a sobering effect on policymakers.

An active and liquid debt market facilitates the operation of monetary
policy. A well-functioning money market smoothly transmits rate changes
throughout the financial system, and has a quick impact on the economy.

8

BACKGROUND OF PAKISTAN BOND MARKET

In Pakistan, the improvement of money market and bond market sector was launched
in late 1990s after the liberalization changes; nonetheless, Pakistan security business
sector is grinding away starting stage and has a moderate pace of advancement, only
1% of GDP, as contrasted with different nations. Like other developing business, the
greater part of the obligation financing in done through bank borrowings. With the
concise vitality of security business sector, further this study illustrates the current
status of Pakistani bonds markets and real obstacles confronted by it. The first long
term bond issued in 1992 in this manner giving an open door to company to issue a
security by taking that long term yield curve as a security. Henceforth an arrangement
begin in 1995 when the first term Finance Certificate was sold in business then later
on in 2000 and Pakistan Investment bonds are sold by Government. Anyhow because
of the limited supply of governments securities a delegate long term yield curve had
not formed which constrained the development of corporate bond market.

Bonds Automated Trading System (BATS):

In 2009, a separate trading platform created particularly for exchanging of debt
securities was presented by KSE with the name of Bond Automated Trading System
which planned to give a trading interface suited to the needs of debt market
participants with suitable risk management and valuing mechanisms and looked to
uproot the anomalies present in the past model. This new initiative might give the
issuer advantageous liquidity era and elective method for raising obligation capital,
while the investors might have yield premium open door and investment choices in
expanded instruments. The TFCs might give a more extensive base to the capital
market, empowering investors the decision of going into debt or equity and make
tremendously required profundity in the capital markets.
The BATs regulations which were affirmed by SECP in September 2009 restricted the
negotiated deal or off-market transactions outside Bats. Nonetheless, absolution is
continuously conceded by SECP for this limitation for most recent one year or so,
accordingly permitting the off-market sector transactions in the listed TFCs executed
outside Bats to the stock trades and limitations were forced in Central Depository
System (CDS) upon transfers of listed TFCs which did not meet the above condition.
Along these lines, the reporting arrangement of KSE was enhanced now gives the
facility of continuous reporting of off-market sector trade as contrasted with the at one
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time relevant arrangement of reporting at the day end. Subsequently, the first phase of
bond market development is completed which speaks to improvement of a unified
reporting stage for all trades in the listed debt instruments.

Debt Security Trustees Regulations:

As part of its mandate to develop the bond market of Pakistan, the Securities and
Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) approved Debt Securities Trustees
Regulations, 2012, which will give direction to the trustees in releasing their
obligations under the Trust Deeds.

The regulations enable the trustees to:
Consistently screen instalment of benefit/mark-up/interest to the debt
security holders and redemption of the securities
Regularly screen maintenance of the security, if any, backing the debt
instrument
Guarantee that compliance with the provisions of the Trust Deeds,
especially their covenants, are adhere to; and
Monitor the debt security holders' complaints are determined by the issuers.
Under the regulations, registration with the SECP has been made obligatory and just
scheduled banks, advancement finance institutions and investment finance companies
can act as debt security trustees.
The role of trustees in the issues of debt securities is of a critical nature as they
safeguard the interest of the debt security holders. The regulations will empower the
trustees to play their part all the more proactively, which will help building investor
confidence and lead to corporate bond market advancement.
The purpose for these regulations is to adequately manage affairs of the debt securities
trustees and similar regulatory frameworks already exist in different emerged and
developed markets.

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LITERATURE REVIEW
Literature 1:
The study named, Bonds Market Development in Emerging Markets, SBP
Research Bulletin Volume 3, published on November 1, 2007, and this research is
done by Ahmed M. Khalid.
This research paper explores the advancement of security market in developing
economies with a focus on Pakistan. The primary objectives of this research paper is
to investigate the reasons for a slow development of bond market in developing
economies.
From this research following bonds market of two countries i.e. Pakistan and India has
been discussed below:

I ndia:
Recent good performance provides important descriptive statistics on the Bombay Stock
Exchange. The total capitalization of all the worlds 53 emerging markets in 1996 was about
US$1,900 billion. Indias stock market ranks among the top 10 with a capitalization of
US$150 billion in 2002. This high capitalization to GDP makes the share market a far deeper
market than most of the emerging markets. The Bombay exchange may be counted as being
among the top six following South Korea, Taiwan, Mexico, Thailand and Malaysia. The
value traded in Bombay is 3.5 per cent of the average of the 30 top markets of the world in
the 1990s (IFC reports).

Indias bond market is not well developed though the government bond issues are traded
within the financial institutions. There is a potentially large private market to be made with
Rupee 2,700 billion worth government bonds. There is also a tax-exempt bond mutual fund
scheme with government securities. The capital market is still not international enough to
attract foreign capital inflows. This changed in 1995-
96 when much of the disinvestment in Southeast Asia led to large capital flows into the
Indian markets. This is in a sense not comforting as markets such as those in Karachi and
Bombay that liberalized faster went through speculative capital inflows, which, when
withdrawn, destabilized their ability to provide steady streams of financing. While the Indian
companies can access foreign markets for funds, likewise, foreign companies can invest in
the Indian financial institutions as well as by obtaining licenses to run financial institutions.
This is designed to improve efficiency while also making it a lot cheaper to trade in the
market. An OTC market has been in operation since mid-1994, giving access to smaller firms
to list their shares: since then, small firms have another access through the automated national
exchange, which is growing very fast as the number of newer firms are listing in the screen
traded exchange. Eventually, this screen-based trading system is expected to unify the
exchanges. These and other reforms on capital adequacy for brokers, greater and more
frequent disclosures, etc. are expected to provide opportunities for the large capital market in
that region to develop into a financial centre for that time zone in the future.
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Pakistan
The government created an auction market for short term Treasury bills and long-term
investment bonds. The secondary market for government securities was likewise
settled. The Securities Department inside the SBP was set up to implement debt
management forums.

Mr. Ahmed M. Khalid further discussed that,

In 1998, there were three stock exchanges, in Karachi, Lahore, and Islamabad. The KSE is
the oldest, established in 1948, and accounts for the bulk of the countrys trading. As stated
earlier, the 1991-93 period saw a major increase in trading at all three stock markets. Market
capitalization at KSE alone increased from PRs 38 billion in 1987-88 to PRs 200 billion in
1991-92. Similar trends were noticed at the other two markets in Lahore and Islamabad. This
pattern continued but was broken by downturns mainly due to political instability and
economic crises. Mr. Ahmed M. Khalid observed that stock market trading has shown the
highest performance during the first years of this century, but however, now bonds market in
Pakistan requires a lot of challenges and measures to accomplish the developed market of
bonds.

This research also discussed the stages of market developments in a sample of emerging
market economies. It compare both sets of countries and then draw lessons for Pakistan. It is
observed from this research is that Pakistan needs to satisfy a set of pre-requisites before
some meaningful progress in domestic bond market development is made. Following are the
stages of development of bonds market which has been discussed in this research paper.

The development of Bonds market in a country involves three (3) stages:

Stage 1:
The business sector does not have a sizeable saving and investment opportunities available,
the intermediaries fail to offer the skills and experience, banks are shrink frail or somewhere
in the dominance prevailing that other business sector players are not urged to enter and the
capital market is immature. Additionally, regular indications of this starting stage are the
nonappearance of macroeconomic soundness, budgetary fragility and a well- organized
administrative framework. As being what is indicated, the government and the approach
creators need to create the fundamental standards for a security business to establish in the
most proficient way. The strategies of fiscal liberalization should joined together with
deregulation, market sector determined pricing mechanism, macroeconomic steadiness,
central bank changes, impetus component for business members and banking sector reforms.
In the meantime, the nation should start measures required for the making of a cash and
market.
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Stage 2:
A nation appears to have alluring issuers yet restricted investor base, creating capital markets
and at last great macroeconomic and political nature. At this stage, further measures ought to
be taken to create an essential business sector of open and private securities. Nation might
likewise require open public company, and disclosure regulations. Ultimately, the nation
should have a Benchmark for pricing long maturities.

Stage 3:
Now, a nation must have sufficient issuers and investors, skilled intermediaries, great
macroeconomic and political nature. At this stage, the nation ought to create a developed
secondary market for securities. This will help pricing new issues. Credit rating agency must
have the capacity to handle an expansive number of issues. Disclosures rules need to be
strengthen. Training of individuals included is vital to clearly acknowledge about the market
hazard, the reward, best practices and other related relevant issues.

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Continued from literature 1:

Following macro and micro issues in bonds market has also been taken from the
study, Bond Market Development in Emerging Markets: Prospects and Challenges
for Pakistan this research has been done by Mr Ahmed M. Khalid. SBP Research,
VOL 3, November 1, 2007. This Research Scholar observed that Pakistan needs to
satisfy a set of perquisites before some meaningful progress in domestic bond market
development is made. Following is the brief discussion of micro and macro issues
from this research.

Macroeconomic I ssues in Bonds Market:
The set of macroeconomic conditions incorporate fiscal discipline, financial
conditions, decision of exchange rate regimes and overall financial sector
improvement. It appears to be unrealistic to arrange strategies for security market
development without creating certain standards of macroeconomic steadiness and
financial sector reforms. Inside these macroeconomic conditions, monetary control
takes the first inclination. Economic theory proposes that high level of amount of
financial deficiencies will build interest rates. These deficits will likewise increase the
danger of default and the cost of government debt, accordingly making it troublesome
to create a developed bond market in Pakistan.

Micro I ssues in Bonds Market:
Market advancement for domestic bonds confronts a variety of challenges. At the
starting stage, the first and most critical issue in creating a security market is building
market participants. Developing economies face various issues in creating market
participants, for example, absence of incentives for issuers, absence of diversified
portfolio, and the nonappearance of a support market and instruments.

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Literature 2:
This study has been taken from, I NTERDI SCI PLI NARY J OURNAL OF
CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH IN BUSINESS Institute of Interdisciplinary Business
Research 256 (DECEMBER 2010 0 VOL 2, NO 8)
This study has the research topic, Future and Prospects of Bond Market Development in
Pakistan. It has been written by 3 PHD scholars, Department of Management Sciences,
Sajid Nazir, Atia Alam, and Muhammad Musarat Nawaz.
This literature is on future and prospects of bond market development is vast and growing.
The writing on future and prospects of bond market development is immense and
developing. Distinction analysts have discovered contrast obstructions and proposed
answers for help the procedure of bonds market development. Nonetheless, Mian
Sajid Nazir, Atia Alam, and Muhammad Musarat Nawaz (PHD Scholars,
Department of Management Sciences) have discussed in their research article, the
following prospects and obstructions which apply specifically to emerging market of
Pakistan.

Developing Benchmark Yield Curve:
Due to little trading of government and corporate securities long term yield curve had
not settled that had restricted the exchanging of private bonds. There are two principle
purposes behind non- existence of yield curve.
On account of government ownership the rate of return is low as it is not
market driven. However market requires higher rate that's why a large
portion of the auction bids are rejected. Further on, Institutional investors
and banks are pressurized to put resources into these securities even at low
premium rate. Regardless of the possibility that they contribute they are less
slanted towards its exchange and stay it with them until it held to maturity.
Due to less supply the prices of bonds increases, this increment in value is
only because of the supply and request not due to market magnetism of
these securities.
These all factors limited the secondary market for these securities. A benchmark yield
curve is created by presenting an extensive number of securities in the business sector,
expansion exchanging of these securities and through expanding market by making
passage simple for both domesticated and outside investors. In 2006 PIBs closeout
indicates a legislature proposition towards the improvement of long term yield curve.
Crowding Out by Government Securities:
The government and corporations both are pooling stores for the same assets. Anyhow
the legislature securities giving returns at lower level rate. As contrasted with it the
TFC has higher rate of return. The profit for TFC issued by companies has a rate of
15

return equivalent to the Defense saving testaments by Government which have a
development time of ten periods. This round of pooling the stores by government and
corporation becomes a major hurdle in development of bond market.
Market Psyche Regarding Disclosure Requirement:
Pakistani investors are more risk averse and because of absence of transparency the
corporate debt issued by the enterprises are less magnetic to merchants on account of
obscure danger natural in them.
Higher Transaction Costs:
One of the real reasons of fewer issuances of bonds is the regulatory and transactions
expenses confronted by the organization at the time of issuance and exchange. Higher
transaction requires as far as issuance and posting charge, trustee expense,
consultative charge, rating charge, stamp obligation and charges on securities
debilitate numerous investors to put resources into the security market. . The stamp
duty on a TFC issue is 0.15 percent of the face value at the time of registration
Which is considered on the high side. In light of the fact that it further on diminish the
rate of returns. And form the issuer s perspective it expands their expense of capital.
I lliquid Secondary Market:
Higher transaction expense, thin market, inexperience players, no legitimate
settlement framework and little rivalry all prompted a huge decrease in the secondary
market for bond. Because of high hazard and non-accessibility of benchmark yield
curve investors are reluctant to put resources into securities and afterward further
trading.
Diversifying I nvestor Base:
Market size of bond is exceptionally restricted and generally obtained by bank and
institutional investors that favour a security to hold it until development. That will
later on confine the improvement of secondary market. The spread of bond
proprietorship in restricted hands and their evasion of further deal point of
confinement the amount of investors.
Developing the Talent Pool:
Along with the differentiated pool of issuers and investors, the presence of
intermediaries is essentially crucial in organizing the transactions and giving optional
business sector help.
Development of I nfrastructure:
A generally well developed and productive clearing, settlement, enrolment and trading
centre should be established for a good bond market that will incorporate all
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purchasing and offering of securities. However in 1993, the Central Depository
Company of Pakistan Limited was made for the settlement.
Legal and Regulatory Structure:
Regulations of SECP in regards to bond issuance is significantly more confused and
convey time and expense with it as contrasted with the bank obtaining. No proper
regulatory framework exist at present for listed debt instruments which may help in
safeguarding the investors interest.

Shortcomings in the Listed Regulations:
The existing regulations need to be further reinforced as for debt securities to
overcome following shortcomings:
essential information and undertakings at the time of issue
issuer/trustee obligations to provide trust deed and relevant information are not
specified
No provisions restricting the issuer or its senior executive to inform and explain
the reasons of defaults to the investors and no proposed remedies via a formal
meeting.

Mian Sajid Nazir, Atia Alam, and Muhammad Musarat Nawaz (PHD scholars,
Department of Management Sciences) have also discussed in their research study,
about how the bonds market in Pakistan can overcome it ineffectiveness. Following
is the brief discussion of the scholarly researchers:

By suitable exposure of firm future development and danger, firms can pull in
huge gathering of investors at an ideal rate. Accessibility of information on
optional business transactions assumes a significant part in making the value
revelation prepare more effective prompting enhanced liquidity. A great part of
the optional business sector exchanging information is now accessible on the
SBP site. This information support procedure could be further fortified by
giving the information on an authentic premise and in a promptly usable
structure. The stock trades ought to make it compulsory for their members to
report any obligation regarding debt securities transactions.

It is troublesome to cost altered pay securities having diverse attributes,
characteristics, agreements, prerequisites and danger natural in it. For this a
fitting money related investigators are obliged that are not accessible in
Pakistan. To beat this issue the administration ought to prevent its obtaining
17

from the SBP and spot a new supply of PIB in the market that will likewise
give a benchmark to the business. Bonds ought to be sold after issuing proper
schedule for its auction.

Government shoould build the piece of the pie by issue new long term
securities having distinctive choices as stated by the sorts of investors at a
business sector prevailed premium rate so it might draw in a substantial number
of investors.

The government needs to acquaint an assessment impetus plan with enhance
capacities in the course of action, distribution and trading of bonds.

To draw a large number of domestic and foreign investors Bond market sector
should have a fitting legitimate and administrative system having characterized
guidelines and regulations identifying with the issuance, settlement,
enlistments, instalment and offering of securities. Express controls in regards to
checking and responsibility for both issuers or dealers and investors guarantees
open about safety and security level of their ventures.

Development of BATs as a centralized reporting platform for all trades in
listing debt instruments for proficient price discoveries of listed TFCs.

Further strengthening the Debt Securities Trustee Regulations by innovating
the prudent amendments which will allow trustees to play their role more
proactively and will eventually build investors confidence.

Through awareness programs educate investors on the bond market in Pakistan.

For further expanding the bonds market; attract non-resident investors by
facilitating them with better opportunities to have positive yields by extension
of certain concessions like tax exemptions.

The new regulatory structure ought to additionally address the needs of a
derivative market for securities. Corporate influence and stronghold of global
standards for best practices is similarly vital. In the meantime, steps ought to be
taken to establish credit rating agency that might help issuers to comprehend
the risk of investment in a variety of investible choices and additionally
diversify hazard. Efforts should be made through courses and counselling
services where market participants can completely comprehend the risk return
trade-off. These measures might give incentives to market participants and are
expected to launch some trading activities.

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Policies should be formed focusing to develop a mechanism to provide
incentives for trading securities, and further more to encourage new private
sector entities to involve in the trading of securities.

Exchange rate and capital account policies directly impact government bond
yield. The central bank and the monetary authority should be careful in
planning, designing and then implementing exchange rate and capital account
policies. For example, a lot of restrictions on capital account will be
categorized as financial repression while no restrictions could exploit the
economy.
19

CURRENT OPPOURNITIES

These opportunities are based on current updates.
The investors of bonds in Pakistan can avail the following new opportunities of Bonds
Market:

Pakistani conglomerate Engro Corporation plans to raise Rs4 billion ($40.9 million)
through listed sukuk (Islamic bonds). The sukuk would be secured and offered in two
tenors a three-year Rs3 billion tranche with a 13% profit rate and a five-year Rs1
billion tranche with a 13.5% profit rate, the rating agency said. Engro has issued
sukuk before but on a much smaller scale as its fertiliser unit raised Rs2 million
through a six-month deal through private placement in 2012. The company is
involved in sectors including food, polymers, fertilisers and power generation. Islamic
finance is expanding in Pakistan as a flurry of initiatives by regulators aims to develop
the industry.

K-Electric bonds: tapped the market in February and rose PRs. 6 billion through a
three-tranche retail sukuk. The TFCs, proposed to be listed in Karachi Stock
Exchange with 8 year maturity. the profit rates (KIBOR + spread) on K-Electric
Sukuk when weighed against comparable instruments as mentioned above, offer a
premium of 84 bps, 29 bps and 35 bps on the Sukuk issues of 13 months, 3 years and
5 years, respectively.

Tameer Microfinance Bank Limited (TMFB), a commercial bank in Pakistan that is
majority-held by Norwegian mobile firm Telenor, recently issued two term finance
certificates (TFCs) each worth PKR 500 million (USD 5 million) on the Karachi
Stock Exchange (KSE) in an effort to raise capital. The first TFC will reportedly have
a term of 13 months with an annual return of 12 percent. The second TFC will have a
term of 24 months with an annual return of 12.5 percent.

The domestic market, Treet Corporation Limited have also announced to raise
Rs1.255 billion through issuance of Participation Term Certificate (PTC). PTC is a
convertible and redeemable bond structure, which would not only deliver an interest
payment but also issue a predetermined number of shares till its maturity.*

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METHODOLOGY

Research method:
This research consists of the aspect of whether the bonds market is familiar in the investors or
not, and the consequences of the satisfaction and dissatisfaction level of the investors
particularly with the yields on bonds.
The method I used for the collection of data and information of bonds market in Pakistan was
the survey method that is questionnaire about the state of mind and conduct presented to a
sample of restricted people. The sample was collected through the employers of banks and
companies.
A specimen survey can make the overall difficult movement of planning a study into a
speedy determination. These specimen layouts are structured through statistical surveying of
most oftentimes made inquiries. This procedure or system is more advantageous and more
sparing than different systems, a heft of information could be gathered by various individuals,
it is generic and stays away from predisposition, it executes less stress on the individual who
is filling the structure, it is exceptionally valuable to gather an enormous measure of
information around a particular theme.

Sample Method:
I chosed Representative Sampling. They give the most legitimate and credible effects in
light of the fact that they reflect the aspects of the population from which they are chosen.
The size of sample was restricted to a specific group of people.

My sample consists of the thirty five (35) numbers of employers of banks and
financial companies and specifically the investors in Bonds Market in Pakistan.

The age group of the people was in between forty to sixty (40-60) years.

My questionnaire consisted of six (6) questions. These questions were particularly
headed to the Bonds Market in Pakistan.
Procedure:
To know the exact the situation of Bonds Market in Pakistan I conducted a limited research to
know the current preferences of Debt Market. For the further research, I surfed the articles
and literatures for weeks and months, through which I came to know the actual position to
design a questionnaire and linking it to the Bonds Market.

21

QUESTIONNAIRE RESULTS
The following result table shows the responses of the presented questionnaire for the significance of
Bonds Market in Pakistan.

S.NO Questions Results
01 What do you think is more
preferable?
85% =Term Finance Certificates
15% = Government securities
02 For businessmen or owners, how
do you finance your business
sector?
68% = Borrowings
27% = Equity
5 % = Securities
03 How do you measure Interest
rate on bonds?
74% = Low
25% = Average
1% = High
04 What do you think is there
proper platform for trading of
bonds in Pakistan?
55% = Maybe
40 % = No
5 % = Yes
05 Are you willing to put your
resources in the bonds market in
Pakistan?
58% = Yes
30 % = Maybe
12% = No
06 What do you think about the
prices of bonds?
66% = High
31% = Average
3% = Low

22

DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS
Following is the analysis of the results from questionnaire:
Almost there was every sample saying that TFCs are most preferable. The reason would be
its high interest rate than government securities and they are less risk hazard comparatively
government securities.
68% said they prefer financing through borrowings. Maybe borrowing is the simplest
resource for the growth and expansion of business although if the debt is not properly
managed they could run into trouble. 5% are for securities. Hence there is low awareness of
the securities or the bonds market in Pakistan is not well developed yet. 27 % said equity
financing, they should keep on mind that it requires returns that could be more than the rate
they could have paid for interest on bank loans.
74% of investors said they arent satisfy with the yield. That means the rate of return on
bonds is low which is not market driven. 25% investors said maybe they are satisfy with the
yield and only 1% is completely satisfy with yield on bonds.
55% were indifferent about the platforms of bonds trading, it would have been because they
are least focused to the bonds market. 40% indicate there is no proper platform of bonds
trading that means until now BATS have not gained that much effectiveness and popularity.
Hence BATS require more to be effective in its role.
58% said yes they can invest in bonds market, 30% are indifferent whether to invest or not,
maybe if the bonds market in Pakistan would be successful in issuing favourable bonds i.e.
interest is market driven then these 30% can be the investors of the bonds market. 12% are
for no investment in bonds market, these 20% would be very risk adverse and least aware of
the bonds.
To testify the demand and supply of bonds price, I asked a sample group whether the prices
of bonds are high low or average, 66% of the investors said the prices of bonds are high. This
clearly signifies that there is no match between demand and supply in the price discovery of
bonds. 31% agree that the bonds prices are average.

23

CONCLUSION

Security Markets can ce progressively turn into a significant source of financing for the
private and public sectors in Pakistan. Corporate financing in Pakistan, similar too there
merging markets, is ruled by bank advancing and issuance of value stocks. There are various
points of interest to improvement in the domestic bond market to harmonize the banking
sectors. These incorporate expanded financial stability, more competitive financial sector,
more efficient allocation of credit, and an overall sorted out and enhanced portfolio of assets.
The bond market in Pakistan is confronting great development since its initiation in 1995. As
of late, more fiscal foundations are concentrating on the term finance certificate as contrasted
with non-financial firms. Despite the fact that the local bond market sector is developing and
issuance of nearby securities is expanding throughout the year; on the other hand, there are a
few obstacles to security market improvement still exist which incorporates absence of long
term bench-mark rates as an after effect of thin secondary market for sovereign securities,
crowding out of the government securities and some regulatory boundaries in term of high
trading expense.

There is a yet let to do by the controllers to backing the bond market development and
advancement. This could be improved by consistently issuing local currency securities at
market rates paying little respect to financing needs, focusing issuance on numerous lengths
of developments and diminishing obtaining from unfunded sources. The liquidity of the bond
market could be upgraded by fortifying information and valuable data spread in regards to
corporate security transactions, and permitting short offering. Miscellaneous expenses in
terms of stamp obligation and managerial expenses should be decrease to make bonds
issuance more cost effective.

24

APPENDIX
Questionnaire for the Bonds Market in Pakistan
Name: __________________________ Age: ________

1) What do you think is more preferable?
Term Finance Certificates
Government Securities

2) For businessmen and owners, how do you finance your business/ banking sector?
Securities
Borrowings
Equity

3) How do you measure Interest rate on bonds?
High
Low
Average

4) What do you think is there proper platform for trading of bonds in Pakistan?
Yes
No
Maybe

5) Are you willing to put your resources in the bonds market in Pakistan?
Yes
No
Maybe

6) Are you willing to put your resources in the bonds market in Pakistan?
High
Low
Average
Thank you
25

REFERENCES

Ahmed M. Khalid, Bonds Market Development in Emerging Markets, SBP Research Bullitin
Volume 3, published on November 1, 2007,
Fabella, R. and Madhur, S. (2003), Bond Market Development in East Asia: Issues and
Challenges, Asian Development Working Paper Series ERD-35, Economics and Research
Department.
Edwards A. K., Harris L. E., Piwowar M. S. (2007). Corporate Bond Market Transaction
Costs and Transparency, Journal of Finance, No. 62(3), p. 14211454.

Ariff, Mohamed and Ahmed M. Khalid (2005). Liberalization and Growth in Asia: 21st
Century Challenges. Edward Elgar Publishing Company, U.K., 399 p.

Sajid Nazir, Atia Alam, and Muhammad Musarat Nawaz (2010) Interdisciplinary journal of
contemporary research in business, vol 2, no. 8, future and prospect bonds development
market in Pakistan, Institute of Interdisciplinary Business Research 256

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