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Relative PRONOUNS and antecedents case antecedent Su!ect / of which possessive people who whom whose things which which which whose / things that that - subjective case: antecedent + subjective relative pronouner + verb most of the people who were surveyed said that they preferred a smaller car. Possessive pronoun "#ic# is the object of the verb purc#ased in the relative clause "ote that if the antecedent
Relative PRONOUNS and antecedents case antecedent Su!ect / of which possessive people who whom whose things which which which whose / things that that - subjective case: antecedent + subjective relative pronouner + verb most of the people who were surveyed said that they preferred a smaller car. Possessive pronoun "#ic# is the object of the verb purc#ased in the relative clause "ote that if the antecedent
Relative PRONOUNS and antecedents case antecedent Su!ect / of which possessive people who whom whose things which which which whose / things that that - subjective case: antecedent + subjective relative pronouner + verb most of the people who were surveyed said that they preferred a smaller car. Possessive pronoun "#ic# is the object of the verb purc#ased in the relative clause "ote that if the antecedent
Case Antecedent Su!ect O!ect Possessive People who whom whose Things which which whose / of which People/things that that - Subjective case: antecedent + subjective relative pronoun + verb Most of the people who were surveyed said that they preferred a smaller car The relative pronoun who is the subject of the relative clause - !bjective case: antecedent + objective relative pronoun + subject + verb The product which you purchased has to be returned within seven days for a full refund The relative pronoun "#ic# is the object of the verb purc#ased in the relative clause "ote that if the antecedent is a thing or an animal# you can use either "#ic# or t#at to begin a relative clause - Possessive case: antecedent + possessive relative pronoun + noun The custo$er whose name was on the waiting list just left the restaurant $The possessive relative pronoun "#ose is used regardless of whether the antecedent is a person or thing C#ec%& C#ec%& % The event received coverage in a newspaper &is widely distributed in the region '() who '*)whom '+) whose ',) that '. Relative pronoun (t#at) A. *T#at* can e used +or ot# people and t#in,s. The secretary reports every meeting t#at is arranged for the president The person 'that) we are loo-ing for is Mr .right !bjective relative pronouns can be omitted -. .#en to use and not to use *t#at* - That must be used when the antecedent is a combination of /persons + things/ or /persons + animals/ "ow you will watch the trainer and the seals t#at are the stars of our show - That must be used when the antecedent is modified by any of the following words: all/ ever0/ an0/ eac#/ t#e onl0/ t#e ver0/ and superlatives This is the most interesting novel t#at 0 have ever read 0t is the only phone in the office t#at wor-s - T#at is not used after prepositions Please meet Mr Schindler about that ' about whom) 0 told you yesterday - That is not used after a comma '#) (n appraisal of "avarro$s gold deposits was carried out in 122%# after that ' after which) a decision was made to proceed with the development of a mine 1 ,escribe any activities in & you participated for your community '() who '*) whom '+) which ',)that 1. Relative pronoun ("#at) and co$pound relative pronouns A. Relative pronoun *"#at* .#at is the relative pronoun that has already included its antecedent That ' .hat) occurs at the construction site must be reported to the supervisor The things that '3 The things which) occur at the construction site must be reported to the supervisor "#at 3 the thing's) that / the thing's) which -. Co$pound relative pronouns 4orm5 6elative pronouns + -ever These relative pronouns have already included their antecedents and are used to introduce noun clauses who'm)ever '7 anyone who'm)) whichever '3 anything that/which) whatever '3 anything that/which) .#oever turns in the report first will get an additional point "#oever 3 anyone who 0$ll ta-e "#ic#ever tent you$re not using "#ic#ever introduces a noun clause as the object of ta%e. .ithin the noun clause# "#ic#ever functions as a modifier to the noun tent. .hat ' .hatever) you decide to do# there will be support from the company .#atever is the object of to do# meaning anything that/which. 8 ( paid holiday will be given to & team has the highest sales '() which '*) whichever '+) who ',) whoever 4. Relative advers and co$pound relative advers A. Relative advers ( relative adverb can be used in place of a relative pronoun + a preposition and is e9uivalent to the structure of a preposition + which "#en :;presses time# meaning /at which/ or /on which/ "#ere :;presses place# meaning /in which/ or /on which/ "#0 :;presses reason# meaning /for which/ #o" :;presses manner# meaning /in which/ The manager will report at < o$cloc- "#en '3 at which time) she gets the results .#en refers to < o$cloc- The instructor will tell you #o" '3 the way in which) you can operate the machine "ote that t#e "a0 #o" is hardly used -. Co$pound relative advers ( compound relative adverb begins an adverbial clause and it also includes an antecedent Ti$e 2 place .henever 3 at any time when .herever 3 to or in any place where Concession .henever 3 no matter when .herever 3 no matter where =owever 3 no matter how +hoose "#erever you want to visit 3o"ever convenient the courier service is# 0 don$t trust it > & you go# it will be an honor to accompany you '() .herever '*) .hatever '+) .homever ',) .hoever 144. C#oose t#e appropriate "ords in t#e rac%ets. % Ms Page is the author 'who / whom) 0 always tal-ed about 1 The office supplies# 'that / which) were 9uite e;pensive# have been distributed to the staff 8 0 wanted to -now the reason 'when / why) Mr Peterson was transferred > '.henever / .hatever) you place an order# it is o-ay with us 546. Correct t#e underlined "ords or p#rases. < The item which code number includes four fives is the one 0 ordered ? The last two resumes of the applicants whom 0 loo-ed through left a lasting impression @ The company announced their new leave policy# that will go into effect in two wee-s A Ms +raig insists that she ta-e responsibility for every accident what happened during the construction 741'. Select t#e est ans"er t#at co$pletes eac# sentence. B Mr *ic-erson will lead you to the building & you should go to '() who '*) which '+) whose ',) whom %2 Mr Simon# & is the head of the main office# is responsible for all administrative functions '() who '*) he '+) whose ',) whom %% & you send the pac-age# just ma-e sure it gets there before noon tomorrow '() .herever '*) =owever '+) .here ',) .henever %1 This is the spot & the terrible car accident happened '() when '*) where '+) why ',) how Vocaular0 related to tradin, co$panies corporation a multinational corporation 8uarter 0n the fourth 9uarter# our unit labor costs fell by 8% percent pro+it unrealiCed profit 'paper profit) in t#e red 0 am in the red +ir$ move up in a firm 9uestions 144 re+er to t#e +ollo"in, article. (fter several years of disappointing results# it appears that the (cme +orporation is actually going to '%) & a profit this 9uarter :;perts don$t e;pect the numbers to amount to anything significant# but considering that the company has been in the red and has accumulated '1) & losses over the past five years# this is a reason to celebrate 0nsiders say the company has its new +:!# Michael Dato# to than- for its sudden '8) & Mr Dato has made it his mission to transform (cme into a profitable firm 0t appears that he has been successful5 however# it remains to be seen if this is a one-time event or '>) & of things to come E have a person to than- % '() deliver '*) turn '+) collect ',) distribute 1 '() staggering '*) miniscule '+) unearned ',) considered 8 '() revolution '*) turnaround '+) upheaval ',) reverse > '() an omen '*) a portent '+) an image ',) a loo- Part : .ordlist personnel a personnel divisionFdepartmentG co$petent =e is competent to do the tas- inco$petent =e is incompetent to manageFfor managingG the hotel adapt adapt oneself to circumstances collea,ue a colleague at wor- pa0roll be placed on the regular payroll appoint appoint a new secretary de$otion =is new appointment is a demotion $orale improve the morale +ire =e was fired from his job la0 o++ .hy do we have to lay off half of the wor-ersH resi,n =is visage clearly showed that he would resign enterprise a small-scale enterprise #ead8uarters =ave you ever been to the head9uarters in Ios (ngelesH ranc# .e are about to open a new branch in your area susidiar0 =e set up an independent subsidiary company a++iliate an affiliated wor-shop trans+er =er husband has been transferred to another branch in *oston liailit0 a joint and several liability ter$ a one-year term of office C#ec%4up Test Part V Select t#e est ans"er t#at co$pletes eac# sentence. % !f the fifty applicants & registered today# most had more than three years of e;perience in the field '() who '*) which '+) of which ',) what 1 (t certain shops in populous areas# they sell imitation bags and shoes# & is illegal '() where '*) and '+) but ',) which 8 & you said to Ms Johanssen was clearly inappropriate and unprofessional '() .ho '*) That '+) .hat ',) .hom > The only benefit given to employees is health insurance# & only covers B2K of medical bills '() which '*) that '+) it ',) they < Those of you & passports have e;pired should inform the travel agency '() who is '*) whose '+) whom ',) what ? 0 would li-e to see the manager with & 0 tal-ed on the phone yesterday '() who '*) when '+) whom ',) that @ & you as- for information# we will be happy to help you with all our heart '() .hoever '*) .herever '+) .hatever ',) .henever A 6oaming service ma-es it possible to use your mobile phone you go in 4rance# Japan# or +anada '() what '*) wherever '+) whatever ',) whomever B Mr Jer-in & for home by the time his sales staff reported their figures for the day '() has left '*) had left '+) had been left ',) is leaving %2 *oth sides in the conflict have & to the terms of the peace treaty '() agreed '*) consisted '+) approved ',) protested %% The President & us that time was running short and ordered the e;ecutives to appoint a financial advisor immediately '() mention '*) mentioned '+) mentioning ',) mentioned to %1 The representatives from .estside has announced that they are considering & clothing for teenagers '() ma-e '*) to ma-e '+) made ',) ma-ing %8 The e;hibition on ancient remains of +hina# & attracted a large number of people# will last until the end of the month '() whose '*) which '+) what ',) that %> ( customer as-ed for a refund for a & refrigerator he bought a wee- ago '() decisive '*) defective '+) delicate ',) definite %< ( streetcar# & is easy to find in San 4rancisco# is one of the means of transportation that people use fre9uently '() which '*) what '+) whom ',) who %? The psychologists pointed out that a child who communicates well with his/her parents often handles problems as & as some adults '() efficiently '*) efficient '+) efficiency ',) most efficient Part VI ;or eac# e$pt0 space in t#e te<t/ select t#e est ans"er to co$plete t#e te<t. 9uestions 1=417 re+er to t#e +ollo"in, article. *rand recognition is what all mar-eting e;perts hope their product can attain .hen a brand is recogniCed by a majority of the people# its sales are practically & to %@ '() guaranteed '*) determined '+) fortunate ',) re9uired increase 4urthermore# when a brand becomes associated with a certain -ind of product# it is sure to attain the dominant position in the & # a position from which its competitors %A '() world '*) business '+) mar-et ',) advertisement will li-ely not be able to dislodge it Ta-e +oca +ola for e;ample +o-e has become so & with cola that the two words are practically interchangeable That is a perfect %B '() ubi9uitous '*) synonymous '+) respected ',) related e;ample of a product with high brand name recognition Similarly# Lero; has entered the language as another word for McopyN 0t is no surprise# therefore# that Lero; copiers have long been best sellers
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