Abdo Rouhana

Philips Lighting University, M.E.

LED Lighting Systems
2
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Color mixing and controls
Benefits
Key LED products overview
LED projects overview
3
What LED stands for?
LED stands for: Light Emitting Diode
Diode:
Semiconductor device
that allows current to pass
through in one direction
only.
I
Light Emitting:
Once current passes
through, the diode emits
light
4
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
Brief LED history
1962 First visible LED (Holonyak@GE)
0.001 lumens
Mid 1960s Red LEDs (HP and Monsanto)
0.01 lumens
1970s1980s Green LEDs, Watches,
Calculators
0.1 lumens
Philips Lumileds George Crawford invents yellow LED
1990s (1996) Blue LEDs (Nakamura@Nichia)
1 lumen
First phosphor converted white LEDs
5
Nick Holonyak
Shuji Nakamura
6
LED training
Agenda
History, trends
7
Lighting applications trends: Integration
Light embedded in
the built environment
Light embedded in
Furniture
8
Lighting applications trends: Spectral
Offering more color range
9
Lighting applications trends: Communication
When light transports information
10
Lighting applications trends: Solar
Lighting installation
using solar energy
11
Lighting applications trends: Dynamic
Light conditions
change over time
12
Lighting applications trends: Interactive
Using sensors to create the people
light
13
Lighting applications trends
Integration
Spectral
Communication
Solar
Dynamic
Interaction
14
Trends in lighting equipment
Sophisticated lighting control Systems
Light sources:
highly reliable
very long life
energy friendly
in different colors
instant re-ignition
extremely compact
15
Conventional light sources
Incandescent
Halogen
(Compact)
Fluorescent
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- high pressure mercury
- high pressure sodium
- low pressure sodium
- metal halide
16
Industry transformation
Photography
Phones
Monitors / TV
Lighting
SSL (LED)
17
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
18
LEDs
New way to use light,
to control it
and to
integrate it with other media and materials.
19
Solid State Lighting
Another semi-conductor revolution, this time its lighting
Technology basis is in the semiconductor industry.
LEDs will have a revolutionary impact on the lighting
industry.
LEDs used by Philips
I - LumiLeds Lighting :
joint venture between Philips
and Agilent technologies
In August 2005
Philips acquires all shares of
Agilent (47 %)
Philips stake increases to
96,5 %
Important step to ensure the leading
position in the emerging high growth
LED market.
II- Color Kinetics (CK):
Philips acquired CK in 2006.
7%
93%
2008
World market
2020
<25%
>75%
World market
Philips Lighting
10%
90%
2009
Introduction: The digital revolution
Increase of LED lighting 2008 - 2020
Traditional lighting
LED lighting
22
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
Operating principle
23
Operating principle
I
The basis of light generation inside LED is the conversion from electrical
energy into optical radiation energy or light.
25
JUNCTION
N-material
P-material
-
-
-
-
-
-
+
+
+
+
+
+
junction
p-type
n-type
holes electrons
Operating principle
55% - 80%heat: absorbed by
the junction
20% - 45% visible colored light
Driver
Operating principle
Electron energy vs wavelength
Increase of energy
Blue light
High Energy
Red light
Low Energy

c
h E =
E = electron energy in [eV]
h = Planck's constant in [eV.s]
c = speed of light in [m/s]
= wavelength in [m]
Wavelength [nm]
Energy of the electron in [eV]
Most Efficient
LEDs
27
Operating principle
Material systems (LumiLeds)
AlInGaP Colours
626 nm
Red
590 nm
Amber
605 nm
Orange
615 nm
Red-Orange
InGaN Colours
525 nm
Green
505 nm
Blue-Green
450 nm
Blue
498-500 nm
Green-Blue
Color of light is determined by the composition of materials in the
semiconductor chip
Color spectrum with AlInGaP and InGaN
28
Gap in Green-Yellow and Yellow
To generate yellow: mix green and red
29
AlInGaP Colours
626 nm
Red
590 nm
Amber
605 nm
Orange
615 nm
Red-Orange
InGaN Colours
525 nm
Green
505 nm
Blue-Green
450 nm
Blue
498-500 nm
Green-Blue
White LED also to be produced
Color of light is determined by the composition of materials in the
semiconductor chip
Operating principle
Material systems (LumiLeds)
In LED most of the electrical energy is converted into heat
20% - 45% visible light
55% - 80% heat
Operating principle
Extraction efficiency
qc
the LED chip is a photon trap
most light is internally reflected
by the surfaces and converted
into heat at the junction.
Transferred to ambient
by conduction
Excessive heat will affect performance
and lifetime
Overheat can cause permanent
damage to the component
LED Vs conventional light sources
80% energy
(light and IR)
5% 75%
20% energy
(IR)
20-45%energy
(visible light only)
80-55%energy
(Conducted heat)
32
LED
driver
LEDs
constant current Constant DC voltage
Constant voltage
power supply
Operating principle
Driver
Step down
converter
Converts line voltage
into constant 24V
DC voltage
Drives LED at constant current
independent of forward voltage
Controls this constant
current control of LEDs brightness (dimming: 0% - 100%)
Protects LED against over voltages and voltage spikes
Heat at junction is reduced further than light output
LED : only light sources that increase in efficacy when dimmed
33
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
Operating principle
Constraints
LED data sheet Vs Real World application
34
Published luminous flux of LEDs is
based upon a junction temperature of
25
o
C (unless otherwise indicated in
the documentation)
Color
LUXEON Rebel
@350mA
(lm)
Red 40
Red-Orange 50
Amber 30
Green 90
Cyan 60
Blue 23
35
Light Output Vs junction temperature
0%
50%
100%
150%
200%
-40 -20 0 20
o
C 40 60 80 100 120
Junction Temperature TJ [C]
R
e
l
a
t
i
v
e

L
i
g
h
t

O
u
t
p
u
t

(
L
O
P
)
Amber Red Green Blue
White
Cyan Royal Blue
85
o
C
25
o
C
Published luminous flux of LEDs is based upon a junction temperature of
25
o
C (unless otherwise indicated in the documentation)
Color
LUXEON
Rebel
@350mA
Red 40
Red-Orange 50
Amber 30
Green 90
Cyan 60
Blue 23
110
LED prevail of a superior function at low ambient temperatures
Light output degrades with temperature
LEDs are binned on:
Flux
Color
Forward voltage
#

o
f

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
#

o
f

p
r
o
d
u
c
t
s
Flux [lm]
Flux [lm]
Input products
Output
Bin 1
Bin 2
Bin 3
Binning process
37
Colour Bin Differences : a visualisation
G
B
x

y
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
0.90
770
580
570
560
510
520
550
530
540
500
490
480
380
600
Color Classification
CIE x,y chromaticity diagram
CIE: Commission Internationale de
lEclairage
International Commission on
Illumination

E (x=0.33, y=0.3)
Chromaticity coordinates
39
G
R
B
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
0.90
770
580
570
560
510
520
550
530
540
500
490
480
380
600
20 000K
10 000K
7000K
5000K
3000K
2000K
LED color consistency
In practice, specifying LED
color temperature does not
ensure color uniformity
colour variation of white
LEDs is standardized in the
so-called ANSI C78.337A
standard.
LED Color consistency
ANSI chromaticity standard
40
ANSI C78.377A CCT Standard
Nominal CCT CCT Range (K)
2700 K 2725 145
3000 K 3045 175
3500 K 3465 245
4000 K 3985 275
4500 K 4503 243
5000 K 5028 283
5700 K 5665 355
6500 K 6530 510
LUXEON Rebel ANSI bin structure
Acc. to ANSI C78.377-2008
8 nominal CCTs
ANSI binning is the process of dividing LEDs
into standard sub-groups according to ANSI
standard
10000K
2600K
This standard makes it
possible to design a
luminaire with specific
color coordinates
independent from LED
manufacturer
10/21/2013
White light: Binning
Overview white LEDs: ANSI binning
Osram Golgen Dragon LEDs at
2700K
16 bins with variation In
CCT and hue from bin to
bin
Acc. to ANSI C78.377-2008
42
Perception of color differences:
IES LM-80 publication
Mac Adam ellipse:
Threshold at which a color
difference becomes perceptible
Mac Adam ellipses
shown are 10
times larger than
the actual size
Scale of Mac Adam ellipse is
determined by Standard
Deviation of Color Matching (SDCM)
Indoor applications:
Color difference of:
1 SDCM step (size of one ellipse):
not visible
2 to 4 steps: barely visible
5 or more steps: clearly noticeable
White light
> 4 steps (7 steps) Mac Adam ellipse
4 steps Mac Adam ellipse
44
Perception of color differences
IES LM-80 publication
Mac Adam ellipses
shown are 10 times
larger than the
actual size
outdoor applications:
Color difference of:
1 SDCM step (size of one ellipse):
not visible
2 to 5 steps: barely visible
6 or more steps: clearly noticeable
White light
> 4 steps Mac Adam ellipse
5 steps Mac Adam ellipse
46
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
Operating principle
Constraints
Evolution
47
Power = 0,1W
Efficacy = 4 5 lm/W
Evolution
Conventional LED (5mm Indicator type LEDs)
Light indicators
Light emitted forward
LED Chip
Reflector
PC
Cathode lead Anode lead
Epoxy lens
Sensitive to blue light, lifetime of blue and
white 5mm LED is limited
Sensitive for over temperatures, not suitable
for high wattages
Use restricted to small
Indicators of light
48
Increased cooling efficiency
High flux Philips LEDs (Illuminator type LEDs)
Higher current levels
Higher light output
Evolution
High Flux Power Chip LED
Chip or die
Built-in heat sink to
transfer of heat to
(MC)PCB
Bond wire
Plastic housing
Electrical
connections
Silicon lens
(Ceramic substrate)
Type of high flux LEDs
Philips Lumileds LUXEON Rebel
49
3.1
4.5
Silicone lens
Ceramic substrate
Thermal pad
(electrically isolated)
Metal interconnect layer
Bond layer
LED chip
Cathode
Chip or die placed on heat spreader
(low resistance package)
Bigger chip (0.5 mm
2
1.0 mm
2
)
Lens made of silicon
(insensitive for intensive blue radiation)
Lens does not bundle the light
(secondary optics are needed)
Typical Lighting distribution of LED
Lambertian radiation:
Uniform radiation of light emitted in all direction
51
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
Operating principle
Constraints
Evolution
White light
52
Blue LED Chip
Phosphor
Yellow Photon
Blue Photon
Blue Photon
LED Chip
How to make white LED?
How to make White Light?
White LED principle with remote phosphor
Blue LEDs on PCB
Diffuser with
phosphor layer
Blue light
White light
Mixing chamber
(high reflective
white inside)
Quality of white light
The 4 critical elements
LED to LED consistency
Freedom From Binning
55
White light:
Standard technique
Sensor
400
700
Standard light source
White light
Standard Phosphor Technology
Standard phosphor technology
7 X Mac Adam ellipses
LED manufacturer
Binning scheme
LEDs with
colour variation
Optibin Algorithm
Color consistency with Optibin

Advanced mixing of LEDs with proprietary technology

LEDs from different bins distributed as per a computer algorithm
4x Mac Adam steps
colour consistent product
White light: freedom from binning
Lumiramic Phosphor Technology
Sensor
400
700
x,y point
flux
LED
Minimize the number
of white bins
Minimize color variation
between LED
White light
Philips Lumileds Lumiramic Phosphor Technology:
Lumiramic technology
4 X Mac Adam ellipses
Standard phosphor technology
7 X Mac Adam ellipses
Color consistency
61
Confidence in uniformity and consistency
Quality of white light
The 4 critical elements
Color Rendering
CRI and R9
LED to LED consistency
Freedom From Binning
62
63
Quality of white light
Different shades of white light
3500K 7000K
R
a
: 70
R
a
: 90
+
Lower the color temperature (T
K
)
Lower the color temperature (T
K
) Higher the color rendering (R
a
)
Color temperature range:
2700K 10,000K
Lower the light output (lm)
Quality of white light
The 4 critical elements
Color Rendering
CRI and R9
LED to LED consistency
Freedom From Binning
Color in application
Hot Testing and Specification
64
65
Quality of white light
LEDs and temperature
Over temperature:
People behave different
Skins behave different
LEDs behave different
66
Testing and binning at 85
o
C
Eliminates light output
calculations from 25
o
C to 85
o
C
Eliminates efficacy calculations
at operating conditions
Ensures that color performance
is close to what is expected at
normal operating temperature
Quality of white light
Hot Testing and Color Binning
Relative light output Vs junction temperature
67
Hot / Cold factor: Ratio of the luminous flux at working temperature
to testing temperature
luminous flux at working temperature
luminous flux at testing temperature
=
0.85
1
= 0.85
Lumileds Luxeon R LEDs
For road and street lighting applications
68
Quality of white light
The 4 critical elements
Color Rendering
CRI and R9
LED to LED consistency
Freedom From Binning
Uniform beam color
Color over angle
Color in application
Hot Testing and Specification
69
70
Reflector
cup
Phosphor
Die attach
epoxy
Conventional phosphor coating
method
Quality of white light
Nonconformal coating process
Large color
shift at edges.
Blue tints
indicating thin
phosphor layer
Large variation in correlated color
temperature (CCT)
LED die
Blue LED Chip
71
LED die
Submount die
Die attach epoxy
Reflector cup
Phosphor
Quality of white light
Conformal coating process
Highest CCT stability over all viewing
angles
Improved CCT angular uniformity
Reduced spread in CCT
Blue LED Chip
Quality of white light
Coating Process: non-conformal Vs conformal
Phosphor
Blue Chip
73
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
Operating principle
Constraints
Evolution
White light
Characteristics
Lifetime
Life projections LEDs Vs conventional sources
Light Source Typical Lifetime ( hrs)
Incandescent 750 2,000 *
Halogen incandescent 2,000 4,000 *
CFL 8,000 10,000 *
Metal halide 7,500 20,000 *
Linear fluorescent 20,000 30,000 *
*rated life
74
75
Conventional lamps Vs LED life definitions
Conventional light sources:
Mortality of the lamps (50%: rated average life)*
76
Conventional lamps Vs LED life definitions
LED light source**: Useful life
The length of time a light source delivers a minimum
acceptable level of light in a given application
General lighting applications: 70% of initial level (L
70
)***
Decorative and accent applications: 50% of initial level (L
50
)***
** Definition by: Alliance for Solid State Illumination Systems and technologies (ASSIST)
*** Measured as per IES method listed in IES LM-80-08 publication
L
70
and L
50
: Important thresholds for useful life
Lifetime
Life projections LEDs Vs conventional sources
Light Source Typical Lifetime ( hrs)
Incandescent 750 2,000 *
Halogen incandescent 2,000 4,000 *
CFL 8,000 10,000 *
Metal halide 7,500 20,000 *
Linear fluorescent 20,000 30,000 *
White-light LED 50,000 (L
70
)**
*rated life ** useful life)
77
LED useful life
The lumen maintenance gap
78
LM-80
testing for 6 Khrs
(recommended: 10 Khrs)
Tj: 55
o
C, 85
o
C and one
determined by manufacturer
No recommendations on
extrapolation of measured data
to L
70
and L
50
79
Useful life Vs junction temperature
Increase in junction
temperature of 11
o
C
Estimated decrease
of useful life by 57%
16K 37K
Continuous operation at high junction temperatures caused by:
drive current
and / or
heat generated within the device itself
Dramatically shortens the useful life of LED
LED Vs conventional light sources
Power Conversion LEDs Vs conventional sources
LED Incandescent Fluorescent Metal halide
Visible light 25 45% 8% 21% 27%
IR ~ 0% 73% 37% 17%
UV 0% 0% ~ 0% 19%
Heat 55 75% 19% 42% 37%
LEDs generate heat, but
do not radiate heat
80
Light
source
Optical energy (visible light) Electrical energy
Losses
- Other forms of energy (UV/IR/thermal)
LED reliability
Lumen maintenance and catastrophic failures
LED Reliability
Long -Term
Lumen Maintenance
Catastrophic Failure
Drive current has a very strong effect on lumen maintenance
Temperature has a very strong effect on catastrophic failure rates
LED reliability
Heat management: Thermal path LUXEON Rebel
Printed circuit
board
Ceramic
Silicone lens
Ceramic substrate
Thermal pad
(electrically isolated)
Metal interconnect layer
Bond layer
LED chip
Cathode
Bond wire
Heat
T
j
T
case
T
junction
increases
Light output (lm), efficacy (lm/W)
and LED lifetime decease
LED thermal path
LED Chip with junction
LED substrate
(Metal Core) PCB
spreading the heat
Heat Sink transferring
the heat to ambient
Moving air
(natural convection)
84
Thermal design is an important aspect
of the development of the product
85
More than lumen on a datasheet
Lumen at what T
Junction
?
Lumen at what drive current?
Lumen at what color temperature?
Lumen at what lifetime?
Lumen of LEDs versus lumens of the total system?
86
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Components overview
LED systems
Component overview: real product
87
Heat sink LED array (PCB)
Optics
Power supply & driver Controller
Housing
88
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Components overview
System building blocks
LED system: building blocks
Light source: printed circuit board with multiple LEDs
PCB functions:
Electrical connections between driver
and LEDs
Transfer heat from LEDs to external
heat sink
89
LED system: building blocks
Heat sink and housing
Heat sink functions:
Transfer heat to ambient
Thermally connected to PCB and
thus LED
90
Better heat sink
higher flux + longer lifetime
+
higher ambient
temperature
If required, Thermal management tests of the luminaire can
be provided
LED systems: building blocks
Optics: primary and secondary optics
LED dome: primary optics
91
convert luminous flux into: intensity, illumination or brightness.
Plastic lenses (collimators)
Reflectors
Diffusers
Secondary optics
Lambertian radiation
pattern
The light output of an LED can be better controlled since an LED source is a small, directional light source
Uncontrolled
flux
Lost flux
TIR (Total Internal
Reflection)
The direct flux is
controlled by a
lens
LED systems: building blocks
Optics: primary and secondary optics
92
Conventional optic
Collimator
Light emitted in a
semi-hemisphere
Light spread in a
full-hemisphere
Conventional solution LED solution
Effect wanted: highlighted columns
3 x 250 watt lamp
3 x 25 watt ballast
6 x 50 watt eWblast
LED systems: building blocks
Optics: Flux control example
93
825W
94
LEDs
light
LED luminaire
Standard
switching
power supply
LED systems: building blocks
Electrical system
Driver
Road applications
95
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Components overview
System building blocks
Photometric testing methods
Photometric testing methods
Conventional luminaires
Relative photometry method:
Luminaire and lamp measured separately
Lumen output and chromaticity of
lamp (integrating spheres)
Luminous intensity distribution and
efficiency of luminaire
(Goniophotometers)
Absolute photometry method
only luminaires lumens
Lumen Efficiency (L.O.R.)
of LED luminaire is 100%
Used as reference
Measured related to it
Efficiency (%) (L.O.R.) =
Lamps lumens
Luminaires output
lumens
System efficacy (lm/w):
Takes into account lm/w depreciation
of all system components
LED luminaires
(lamp inseparable from the system)
97
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Components overview
System building blocks
Photometric testing meyhods
System efficiency
LED system efficiency
system components
LED LED array Optics Luminaire
Colour temperature
Temperature (T
j
)
Drive current
90 lm/W
CCT combinations
Thermal losses
(higher T
j
)
Optical losses
78 lm/W 48 lm/W = system efficacy
Driver
Driver efficiency
43 lm/W
85 90%
50 90%
70 90 %
98
LED system efficiency
Effect of light: flux control and application efficiency
2 912 useful flux (52%)
28%
1568 spill lumen
2 941 useful flux (73%)
0%
0 spill Lumen
Solution 1: SON-T Solution 2 : LED
Power driver (driver losses) 78 (8) 69 (7) W
Source power 70 62 W
Source efficacy
80 65 lm/W
Source luminous flux
5600 (80 x 70)
4030 (65 x 62)
lm
Flux from luminaire (opt. efficiency) 4480 (80%) 2941 (73%) lm
Flux on road 2912 (52%) 2941 (100%) lm
Spill light 1568 (28%) 0 (0%) lm
Illumination 10 10 lx
104
107
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Components overview
System building blocks
Photometric testing methods
System efficiency
System Reliability
LED system reliability
LED System Reliability
Lumen maintenance projection Reliability of components
Driver:
Quality
Components
Electrical surges
Moisture
Useful lifetime of
LED
light sources
Luminaire
lifetime
Thermal design, quality of
components, power surges,
moisture infiltration, etc..
Ambient, internal operating
temperatures, drive current
Housing:
Heat sink - LED
temperature
Ingress protection
Vibrations
LED system reliability
Component vs system reliability
LED
System
Optics
Mechanical
housing
Driver Controls
LEDs
Component
Lifetime
[hrs x 1000]
LED 60 @70% LM
Optics 180
Housing 2 200
Driver 45
Controls 48
SYSTEM 45
"A chain is as strong as its weakest link"
Example calculation
109
The entire system lasts as long as the
critical component with the shortest
lifetime
LED system reliability
Release tests
System release tests:
HALT: Highly Accelerated Lifetime Tests
High temperature
High humidity
Vibration tests
Electrical tests
Voltage variation
Electrostatic discharges
Temperature test
Working
Not working (storage)
To make sure that final product meets the target specification
To ensure that product withstands difficult
environmental conditions for a long time
and to find products weak points
Product will survive in vibrating environment
Product can handle voltage variations and surge voltages
Test product for storage and working conditions
LED system
Summary
+ +
Electrical Optical
Performance
And
Price
Mechanical & Thermal
112
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Color mixing
113
Additive color mixing principle
3 basic colors:
R G
B
114
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RGB mixing concept
Primary color mixing
Each color play its role (no key color)
Interesting bi-color mixing (secondary color possible)
Full spectrum of colors
White is not nice (never used all colors at 100%)
Saturated and pastel colors
115
By mixing those 2 colors all
possible shades of white can
be produced
Additive color mixing principle
2700K 6500K
116
Color mixing
1 color
3 colors
R B G
1 independent channel
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
3
3
3 independent channels
2 colors
2 independent channels
1 1 2 2
117
Color mixing
Each channel of each luminaire can be addressed
separately
Color / luminous flux variation: through dimming of any
combination of channels
Lighting control Systems
118
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Color mixing and controls
Installation and control systems
Standard low-voltage system
user
interface
Controller
Power
supply
low voltage
data data
119
Converts human
input into a
control signal
Converts the control
input signal Into a
controlling signal for
the luminaire
Luminaire 1 Luminaire 2
Standard Lighting
control signals:
DMX 512-A
Ethernet
DALI
1 10V
Convert the
mains into low
DV voltage
Convert the electric
power and control
signal into lighting
effect
Installation and control systems
Inboard power integration (Powercore technology)
Luminaire 1
with integrated power
supply and driver
D
a
t
a

e
n
a
b
l
e
r
Software
Line voltage
Line voltage + data
user
interface
Controller
120
Luminaire 2
with integrated power
supply and driver
Combines line voltage
and control signal over
a single cable
Advantages of this system:
Lower losses over the cables (higher efficiency)
Longer cable runs possible
Lower installation cost
Simpler cabling
control systems
Addressing - grouping
Controller
(stored sequence)
Software
S
c
e
n
e
Fixture #2
Address 2
Fixture #1
Address 1
Fixture #3
Address 4
Fixture #4
Address 3
Fixture #5
Address 5
Fixture #6
Address 5
Fixture #7
Address 7
Group #1 Group #2
Group #3
Address
Setting
Commissioning is release of the system
Control systems
Software
Scene:
(Group of) luminaires
Intensity (dim setting)
Duration
Fade time
Sequence
Number of scenes
Control systems:
DMX
Originated in the world of theatre
Developed by USITT in 1986.
Used mainly for controlling lighting equipment and accessories in
entertainment applications (theatre, staging, concerts etc)
more and more also used in architectural scene setting applications
DMX
Control RGB and tunable white light fixtures
Industry standard (many suppliers of DMX controllers and Lights)
Very robust used for stage- and theatre lighting
Also used in shop and architectural lighting where dynamics
are needed
DMX 512A - color control
DMX 1
DMX 2
DMX 3
DMX Control
System
DMX 4
DMX 5
DMX 6
DMX 509
DMX 510
DMX 511
Lighting Unit 1 Lighting Unit 2
Lighting Unit N

DMX 512
230 Vac
DMX 4
DMX 5
DMX 6
Lighting Unit 3
DMX Data flow
Bus DMX
Controls the timings and levels
Each DMX unit:
can address up to 512 channels
3 channels per RGB luminaire or 170 luminaires
cable length: max 500m (applying boosters: unlimited)
Max. 30 units (applying boosters: unlimited)
Control systems
Ethernet control
126
Do not have the same addressing limitation as DMX
Suitable for individual control of thousands or ten of
thousands LED luminaires
Can address and control up to 25,000 multiple
individually controlled segments , or nodes
Dimming of LED lighting fixtures
127
DMX or other control interface :
color changing and tunable white LED
Compatible and commercially available dimmer:
Single color fixtures with integrated dimmable drivers
Incandescent lamp dimmers
Chopping the beginning of each
AC power waveform
Toggle on and off 120 times
per second
Most LED drivers
ELV-type dimmers
Chopping the end of each
AC power waveform
Choice of right dimmer important to
avoid flickering and ghosting
128
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Color mixing and controls
Benefits
129
Benefits of LEDs (1)
General:
Much longer life (50K Hours)
Reduced maintenance costs
More energy efficient than incandescent
and Halogen lamps
No IR radiation and no UV in the beam
Highly efficient plastic optics can be used
Architectural/design:
Design flexibility, hidden light
Vivid saturated colors - without filters
Directed light for increased system
efficiency
Robust, vibration proof, solid state
lighting
Lower light pollution, due to better optical
control
130
Benefits of LEDs (2)
Unique LED advantages:
Dynamic color control, white point tunable
Fully dimmable without color variation
Instant on, full color, 100% light
No efficiency loss due to filtering
Install and forget
Environment:
No Mercury in the light source
Safety/low temperature:
Cold start capable (down to -40C)
Low voltage DC operation
Highly efficient in cold environment
Sealed for life waterproof luminaires
131
City beautification
132
City beautification
133
City beautification
134
Signage
135
Shop lighting
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136
Decorative indoor
137
Cove lighting
138
Indoor functional lighting
139
Street and Road lighting
140
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Color mixing and controls
Benefits
Key LED products overview
Retrofit LED lamps
LEDspot MV
(GU10)
LEDspot LV
(MR16)
DimTone
LEDspot PAR
LEDspot LV
AR111
LEDcapsule
LV
141
LEDbulb
LEDbulb Designer
LED candle /Lustre
Master LED
Tubes
142
Key Philips LED luminaires:
Grazing applications
Linear floodlights with integrated drivers
eW Graze Powercore
ColorGraze Powercore
RGB: standard
(AWB: on request)
Mono Color (on request)
LEDLine
2
143
Linear floodlights: grazing light

Reflective
surface
Rough
surface
X
Rectangular floodlights
144
White light
Color light
ColorBlast 12 Powercore
ColorBlast 12
ColorBlast 6
(Low voltage)
(Low voltage)
eWor iW Blast
TM
Powercore
ColorReach Powercore
145
Rectangular floodlights
Applications
146
Retail Backlighting, display
and signage lighting
Michael K New York, NY
Architectural Outdoor
Flood lighting, wall grazing and
architectural detail highlighting
Bristol Harbourside Lightwall
Bristol, UK
Hospitality
Backlighting, wall-washing and
artistic display
Aqualounge
Hamburg, Germany
Rectangular floodlights
Applications
147
2 units:
1m from the base
Underneath the turbine
blades pointed up.
Height: 76 meters
1 floodlight
Height of the hotel: 50m meters
Rectangular floodlights
Applications
148
1 floodlight
Height of the building: 84m
1 floodlight (Height of the building: 50m)
4 floodlights along the faade
16 floodlights between the columns
Rectangular floodlights
Applications
Current portfolio
iW range
RGB range
(dynamic)
iColor Cove MX PC
eW range
eW Profile
Powercore
iW Profile g2 iW Cove PC
eW Cove PC
iColor Cove QLX iColor Cove EC
Low voltage
Cove & Contour lighting
149
eW Cove QLX
Powercore
High intensity module, integrating power and data
management directly within the fixture, eliminating
The need for external low-voltage power/data supplies.
150
Cove & Contour lighting
Applications
151
Cove & Contour lighting
Applications
153
Downlights Micro & Compact
Save up to 50% of energy
5 X more lifetime(50K hours)
3 Years pay back
Warm White(3000K) and Neutral
White(4000K).
UGR22 & UGR19(Comfort Version)
Dimmable(DALI)
Micro LuxSpace
Cut out: 125mm
Compact LuxSpace
Cut out: 200mm
Mini LuxSpace
Cut out: 1150mm
4000k 3000K
1100 lm 17W 19W
2000 lm 33W 36W
3000 lm 40W 42W
4500 lm 56W 60W
154
Spotlights
50W halogen replacement
Save up to 80% of energy
15 X more lifetime(50K hours)
Less than 2 Years pay back
Warm White(2700K) and Neutral
white(4000K) & Colour consistence
10
o
, 25
o
, 40
o
Dimmable
155
35W halogen replacement(trio)
20W halogen replacement(uno)
Save up to 65% of energy
15 X more lifetime(50K hours)
Less than 2 Years pay back
Warm White(3150K) and Cool White
10
o
, 25
o
Dimmable
Spotlights
156 156
Fluorescent
Key benefits:
Inspiring design & light effect
High visual comfort (UGR: 19)
Energy saving (55 lm/W; 300/500 LX concept)
Additional energy saving up to 50% in combination with controls
Indoor Functional luminaires
Innovative designs meeting sustainability
Functional Road and street lighting
Functional Indoor
Road Lighting
Road
I
n
n
o
v
a
t
i
o
n

+

D
e
s
i
g
n
P
e
r
f
o
r
-
m
a
n
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e
E
a
s
y
Residential Urban Street Pedestrian
Mini Iridium / Koffer
/ MileWide /
Modena
Residium
Koffer 70
Iridium
2
W2-2010
RoadStar
SpeedStar
MileWide
CitySoul
CitySpirit
Street
UrbanScene
CitySpirit Indirect
Outdoor Luminaires
EMEA 2009
LEDGINE - Philips LED Promise
future proof solution for Outdoor
What is LEDGINE ?
LEDGINE is Philips standard solution for LED luminaire in
Street lighting
160
LED training
Agenda
History, trends, consequences
LED technology
LED systems
Color mixing and controls
Benefits
Key LED products overview
LED projects overview
Few realized LED projects by Philips
in the Middle East
161
162
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
Abu Dhabi Financial Center, Abu Dhabi
163
Welcome Pavilion, Yas Island, Abu Dhabi
164
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
Etihad Towers, Abu Dhabi
165
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
Jahli Fort Park Al Ain, UAE
LEDspot
(underwater)
Linear floodlight
RGB + White
166
Dubai Creek Dubai, UAE
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
LEDflood RGB
Linear floodlight
Amber
167
Intercontinental Hotel, Dubai
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
168
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
Zabeel Park, Dubai
VIP Bridge Dubai, U.A.E.
3800 pcs (2500pcs 2ft + 300pcs 4ft)
CK eColor Graze Blue
Client: Road and Transport Authority (RTA)
Location: Meydan Racecourse, Dubai
170
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
Sunset Mall, Dubai
171
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
Al BidaTower, Qatar
iColorCove MX -6500 nos.
ColorCast14 -220 nos
172
Aspire Tower -Qatar
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
173
Qatar National Bank, Doha Qatar
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
174
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
Sohar Gate Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
Linear floodlight
Blue
176
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
Al Zahra Hospital Sharjah, UAE
177
LED Lighting Projects
Chill Out Lounge Sharaf Mall, Dubai
Dubai, UAE
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
LED modules RGB
Linear floodlight
RGB
178
Dubai Mall, Dubai
179
KAUST, KSA
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
180
Lacoste
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
181
Atlantis , Dubai
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
182
Atlantis, The Palm Dubai
LED Lighting Projects. Middle East.
183
Marks & Spencer Store
Dubai