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United vvdhvvss Republic was a breakaway nation in the remote southern atolls of the aldive!slands. It declared independence on 2anuary 3, )454& they capitulated, re6oinin$ the rest of the nation, on -eptember +3, )473& Flag Coat of arms Capital Hithadhoo Languages Dhivehi a Religion Islam government Republic President Abdullah afef
United vvdhvvss Republic was a breakaway nation in the remote southern atolls of the aldive!slands. It declared independence on 2anuary 3, )454& they capitulated, re6oinin$ the rest of the nation, on -eptember +3, )473& Flag Coat of arms Capital Hithadhoo Languages Dhivehi a Religion Islam government Republic President Abdullah afef
United vvdhvvss Republic was a breakaway nation in the remote southern atolls of the aldive!slands. It declared independence on 2anuary 3, )454& they capitulated, re6oinin$ the rest of the nation, on -eptember +3, )473& Flag Coat of arms Capital Hithadhoo Languages Dhivehi a Religion Islam government Republic President Abdullah afef
Flag Coat of arms Capital Hithadhoo Languages Dhivehi a Religion Islam Government Republic President Abdullah Afeef Didi Historical era Cold ar ! Independence declared "anuar# $% &'(' ! Disestablished )eptember *$% &'+$ a,-ostl# Addu The United Republic (Dhivehi: suvadive ) or Suvadive Islands was a short-lived breakaway nation in the remote southern atolls of the aldive !slands "ddu "toll, #ri$inally, "ddu the suvadive city http:%%en&wikipedia&or$%wiki%"ddu'"toll was an ancient name for the three southernmost atolls of the archipela$o, derived from a name for & ()* The early seventeenth-century French (+* and it was marked as ,-uvadina, on maps of the Dutch .mpire& (citation needed* The -uvadive secession occurred within the conte/t of the stru$$le of the aldives0 emer$ence as a modern nation still shackled by feudal and autocratic structures& The alle$ed causes were the centralistic policies of the aldivian $overnment and the recent independence of its nei$hbors !ndia and 1eylon& The -uvadives declared independence on 2anuary 3, )454& They capitulated, re6oinin$ the rest of the nation, on -eptember +3, )473& Contents ) 8istorical back$round o )&) 9ack of $overnment-promoted communication o )&+ !mposition of trade restrictions o )&3 !nsurrection + -ecession of the -uvadives 3 :arliament of the ;nited -uvadives <epublic = "bandoned by >ritain o =&) 1apitulation 5 .conomy 7 Footnotes ? ./ternal links Historical background Lack of government-promoted communication -ince ancient times there was a lack of The suvadive islands was made in addu and the >ritains were rulin$ addu after a lon$ time fuvamula was considered but later fuvamula and huvadhu atoll was re6ected from the list and it was addu after lon$ time they have to leave by the $overnment policy0s aldivian $overnment never wanted to rule in addu &but it was a $ood days for addu citi@ens& communication between the administrative capital alA and the most distant atolls (Borth and -outh) of the aldive chain& The $overnment of the aldive !slands never had a scheduled shippin$ line that could have provided re$ular communication with the distant -outhern "tolls& For$otten by the capital, there was not even a re$ular mail service to this remote end of the country& The result was a chronic lack of elementary needs in the distant atolls, such as certain essential food and clothin$ supplies, and even, when there were epidemics, a lack of medical assistance and medicines ur$ently reCuired& (3* !n the face of the capital0s inability to provide these basic services, the people in the addu atoll were left to fend for themselves& Traditionally, the void left by this lack of necessary trade and communication was filled by affluent merchant families from the three -outhern atolls& ;sin$ special lar$e sailships (odi or vedi), they conducted direct e/ternal trade with nei$hborin$ countries& Thus they used to make a yearly trip to a harbour in 1eylon or -outh !ndia without $oin$ throu$h the -ultan0s capital city& !t was certainly easier for the heavy tradin$ ships of the -outhern aldives to sail strai$ht across the open ocean to !ndia or 1eylon, where the :a/ >ritannica provided a safe$uard and a common sense of belon$in$, than to make a difficult passa$e northwards throu$h the treacherous reefs of the lon$ atoll chain to sail to the capital& alA was, after all, a small tradin$ post compared to harbors like 1olombo, 1ochin or Tuticorin& 8owever, in practice this meant that the -ultan0s central $overnment had little control over the import trade conducted within the country& There was no conflict as lon$ as all the countries involved were under the protection of the >ritish .mpire, and so this status Cuo was maintained until after World War !!&For the time they left but why should they left such a bi$ asset in addu Duestion is are they comin$ backE Imposition of trade restrictions When the >ritish be$an to withdraw from the !ndian subcontinent the situation chan$ed drastically& !n )4=?, the year of the :artition and independence of !ndia and :akistan, the aldive $overnment, in full control of the islands0 internal affairs but operatin$ under a >ritish protectorate, took the first steps towards controllin$ some e/ternal affairs also, backed by dis$runtled alA merchants who wished for a privile$ed share of the trade with the -outherners& Thus the aldive Fovernment, with the co-operation of the >ritish authorities, imposed the reCuirement to carry passports and visas to travel to -ri 9anka and !ndia on the captains and crews of the -outhern tradin$ ships& The new travel documents for the -outhern aldivian traders and sailors were to be issued in alA& 8owever, the $overnment and the traders of the capital aimed to attain control and revenue from this lucrative trade without consultin$ with representatives of the concerned -outhern traders& This unilateral action proved detrimental to the harmony of e/istin$ traditions concernin$ autonomous trade, and it was perceived as in the -outh as hi$h handed and contemptuous& Insurrection >ritish troops had been stationed in the islands of Fan and 8ithadhoo in the "ddu atoll since the time of the -econd World War& 8owever, the aldive central $overnment denied the nei$hborin$ islanders any chance of barterin$ with them& Furthermore, after the introduction of the harsh new measures to control the import and e/port trade, the central $overnment went on to stipulate other measures of control, such as a poll ta/ and a land ta/& !n addition, the $overnment of the aldive !slands posted its own militiamen in the atoll to ensure that no trade was carried on without the $overnment0s knowled$e& The arrest and physical assault of a son of a wealthy family (possibly for a breach of one of the new restrictions) by one of these militiamen led to the first revolt, in which a mob rose a$ainst the authorities& -urprisin$ly, the man was $iven sanctuary by the >ritish until the situation calmed down, and when the $overnment prosecuted the alle$ed conspirators, based on the militiaman0s account of events, the men were convicted and reportedly sub6ected to humiliatin$ forms of punishment such as public flo$$in$& The aldivian Fovernment was delayin$ the ratification of a )GG-year lease of the islands of Fan and aamendoo, which $reatly distressed the >ritish& -ome time later, under a new a$reement with the aldives $overnment, the "ddu people were allowed to seek employment in the >ritish bases, enablin$ them to obtain rewardin$ incomes and lavish $oods while relishin$ the idea of less dependence& !n )45?, the sultan appointed !brahim Basir as the prime minister of the sultanateH Basir ordered the >ritish to cease all construction undertakin$s in "ddu& Secession of the Suvadives " picture of #ri$inal Fla$ "mon$ those who were involved in the uprisin$ a$ainst the militiamen of the central $overnment was a youn$, educated and well-respected individual known as "bdullah "feef, who served as a translator to the >ritish durin$ their post& 8is local name was .lha Didi$e "li Didi$e "fifu& The new prime minister appointed him as the liaison officer between the >ritish and the locals& -hortly afterward, in December )45I, the $overnment announced plans for a new ta/ on boats& This caused riots throu$hout the atoll, leadin$ to several attacks on $overnment buildin$s& #nce a$ain, the officials of the Fovernment of the aldive !slands were forced to retreat to the safety of the >ritish barracks& The fact is that they owed their lives to "feef, who warned them of the impendin$ unrest& (=* Four days later, on 2anuary 3, )454 a dele$ation of the "ddu people arrived on Fan and declared their independence to the >ritish& The dele$ation also insisted that "feef be their leader& "feef was chosen to lead the nascent -uvadive $overnment because of >ritish insistence that a trustworthy leader whom they were familiar with be chosen, as a precondition for them bein$ able to back the secession "feef Didi was forced to take the role of the e/ecutive head of the state& !t is said that "feef initially refused, and that he accepted the role of becomin$ the e/ecutive head of the new state only under heavy pressure& The newly formed republic was born in southernmost "ddu "toll with hi$h e/pectations& -oon, hopin$ to share in their nei$hbor0s newly found independence, the atolls of to form the ;nited -uvadive <epublic& 8owever, the aldive $overnment reacted by sendin$ a fully armed $unboat to, commanded by prime minister !brahim Basir himself, and threatened the secessionist leaders and the notables of various islands in that lar$e atoll& Finally, the initial separatist movement in that atoll was suppressed by 2une )454& 8owever, the other two small atolls were spared the aldive $overnment0s reaction& "ddu "toll was protected by >ritish intervention, with the deployment a re$iment from:eninsular alaysia& 9ackin$ a harbor, Parliament of the United Suvadives Republic The followin$ is a list of the "ddu "toll members of the :arliament of the ;nited -uvadive !slands <epublic& Due to military action by the alJ $overnment, elections could not be held in the other two constituent "tolls of the <epublic-& Democratic elections were held in "ddu "toll and the votes each member polled are $iven beside his name& 8ithadhoo - )? members Votes 851 Moosa Ali Didi 843 Ahmed Salih Ali Didi 840 Moosa Ahmed Didi 761 Ibrahim Abdul Hameed Didi 750 Hussain 734 Kalhaae Ali Mani!aa 5"6 Moosa Mustha#aa 58" Mohamed Saeed 58" Abdulla Habeeb 57" Mohamed Ibrahim Didi 5$4 Hussein Ahmed 5$3 Ali Muruthalaa 506 Abdul Ma%eed Saleem 487 Abdulla Moosa Didi 483 Abdulla A&ee& 457 Abdulla Ali 4$$ Abbe''aae Ibrahim Didi eedhoo - ? members Votes 187 Mohamed (aseem 186 Abdullah (a#i& 185 Ibrahim )ahm' Didi 18$ Abdulla *air 157 Mohamed +aheed 144 Mudhin Didie Mohamed Didi "0 Kadhaa Didie Abdulla Didi 8ulhudhoo - I members Votes 1"$ Mudhin ,ha!haanu 174 Mohamed ,haa#ee- 173 Mohamed Ibrahim 17$ ,ha!haanue Ali ,ha!haan 171 .e!ididie +aheed 170 ,ha!haanue Mohamed ,ha!haan 170 /aumaathae Mohamed ,ha!uru#an 151 Ali Mani!#an Kudhu#o!olhue Fan Feydhoo - )G members Votes 36$ Dhonrahaa Khatheeb 350 Abdullah Mani!#an Khatheeb 350 Dhonthuththu Khatheeb 344 Hussein Mani!#an Khatheeb 343 0edualue Ibrahim Mani!#an 336 0edualue Ahmed Mani!#an $"8 *e'rue Ahmed Mani!#an $"5 0edualue Ali Mani!#an 1"8 1a!ari'a Mohamed 187 Hussein Mani!#an Moosa .ahaae aradhoo Feydhoo - 3 members Votes 135 Ahmed 1ahir Khatheeb 85 Ahmed Moosa 70 Ahmed +a#ir Khatheeb aradhoo - 7 members Votes $18 Moosa Khatheeb $05 Mohamed +aheed Khatheeb 18" Hassan Saeed 16" Abdullah Saeed 140 Va!arue' Dhonrahaa 1$1 Moosa +a%dee "ppointed by the :resident of the <epublic Mohamed Ibrahim Didi Abandoned by Britain " year later, in )47G, due to the aldive prime minister0s tireless international campai$ns, a new accord between the >ritish and aldivian $overnments was approved and the former soon announced the termination of their so-called support to the -uvadive separatists& The >ritish, who despite contrary claims made by the Fovernment in ale, had been consistently lukewarm at best in their support of the -uvadives (and who had never formally reco$ni@ed the country), now fully abandoned the fled$lin$ atoll country to its fate& >y special instructions from the >ritish Fovernment, the -uvadive tradin$ ships in !ndian and 1eylonese harbors were sei@ed and not allowed to leave port& (5* 8owever, the withdrawal of >ritish support did not deter the -uvadive republic& !n )47), "toll seceded a$ain and re6oined the -uvadives in a move locally known as the ,-econd <evolt,& This reversion was met with yet a$ain another personal appeal by the aldive prime minister who, failin$ to convince the islanders this time, reacted ruthlessly and ferociously& This led to an attack on the capital island of & "nother $unboat, the Elizabeth Boyer leased from the 1eylon Bavy by prime minister !brahim Basir, anchored off on February =, )47+& Without any attempt at talks, the disembarkin$ soldiers en$a$ed in the systematic and complete destruction of all the houses in and the dispersion of all its inhabitants& (citation needed* ost of the rebel leaders were then imprisoned and badly mistreated& -ome of them, notables from 8uvadhu, died later owin$ to the in6uries they sustained& (citation needed* Without the support of the >ritish, the -uvadive republic was on the brink of collapse& Capitulation :resident "feef Didi with -uvadive fla$ The ;nited -uvadive <epublic was dismantled by the >ritish authorities without ceremony& #n -eptember ++, )473, a >ritish political a$ent dictated an ultimatum to the citi@ens of aradhoo demandin$ the immediate removal of the -uvadive fla$ (The fla$ was hori@ontally red, $reen and blue, with a crescent and star in the center and a star in the upper hoist and lower fly, thus formin$ a descendin$ line - all in white&) and the hoistin$ of that of the aldives& This was done the ne/t day, -eptember +3, )473& "bdullah "feef was forced to resi$n as president of the -uvadive $overnment and was sent into e/ile to the -eychelles with his immediate family aboard the >ritish warship 8- Loch Lomond& The >ritish then announced that they would only employ citi@ens of the soverei$n sultanate of the aldive !slands as workers at the airbase The controversy around the -uvadive endures and remains a sensitive issue amon$ aldivians& !ll feelin$s towards the >ritish persisted for some, as, on the one hand, the >ritish administration $ave hopes to the trustin$ -uvadive islanders, le$itimally afflicted by centralism and ne$lect& #n the other hand, the same >ritish administration made a separate a$reement with the $overnment of the aldive !slands& Economy( Durin$ the -econd World War, the >ritish base in "ddu "toll had acted as a temporary tradin$ point for the aldives, enablin$ the aldivian $overnment to obtain fuel and other necessities& "fter the short-lived independence from the central $overnment, the >ritish presence in "ddu $ave a measure of prosperity to the -uvadivians& They were provided with employment, health facilities and supplies which helped to alleviate the trade boycott imposed by the $overnments of the aldive !slands, 1eylon and !ndia& Durin$ the years of the secession, the -uvadive tradin$ boats which had reached the customary harbours in !ndia and 1eylon in their yearly trip, were impounded by the local harbour authorities and their captains and crew were detained& uch needed supplies failed to reach the -uvadive atolls in those years and local islanders remember them as a time of penury, when boats were e/pected and hori@ons were scanned in vain& ootnotes )& Jump up ^ www&maldivesculture&com +& Jump up ^ The voya$e of Francois :yrard of 9aval to the .ast !ndies, the aldives, the oluccas and >ra@il, v&) 3& Jump up ^ ()* =& Jump up ^ www&maldivesroyalfamily&com ;prisin$ in )45I& 5& Jump up ^ Kavier <omero-Frias, The Maldive Islanders&