Statistic Form 4

STATISTICS
ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 13
www.cikgurohaiza.com
1
_____________________________________
CHAPTER 7 : STATISTICS
_____________________________________
CONTENTS PAGE
7.0 STATISTICS
7.1 Concept Map 2
7.2 Mean, Mode and Median of Grouped Data 3 5
7.3 Test Your Self 1 6
7.4 Range and Interquartile Range of
Grouped Data 7 8
7.5 Test Your Self 2 8 9
7.6 Past Year Question 10
7.7 Assessment 11 13
Answers 14
2
7.1 CONCEPT MAP
STATISTICS
Measures of
Central Tendency
Measures of
Dispersion
Mean
= x
Mode &
Modal
Class
Median
m =
Interquartile
Range
Q
3
Q
1
Range
First Quartile
Q
1 =
Third Quartile
Q
3 =
Histogram
3
7.2 MEAN, MODE AND MEDIAN OF GROUPED DATA
(Using a formula)
Activity 1: The number of vehicles that pass by a toll plaza from 1 p.m to 2 p.m. for 60
concecutive days is shown in the table below.
Number of vehicles Number of days
59 50 4
69 60 10
79 70 24
89 80 16
99 90 6
(a) Calculate the mean of the number of cars.
(b) State the modal class.
(c) Draw a histogram and estimate the mode of the number of cars from a
histogram .
(d) Calculate the median of the number of cars using formula.
Solution :
(a)
Number of
vehicles
Number of
days( f )
Midpoint
(x)
fx
59 50 4 54.5 218
69 60 10 ( ) ( )
79 70 24 ( ) 1788
89 80 16 84.5 1352
99 90 6 94.5 567
f = ( )

= ) ( fx
Mean,
) (
) (
= =
f
fx
x = 76 . 17 vehicles.
(b) Modal class = 79 70
(c)
Classboundary Number of days
(frequency)
49.5 59.5 4
10
24
16
6
This is the class with
the highest frequency
4
(c) The histogram is shown below
49.5 59.5 69.5 79.5 89.5 99.5 Number of vehicles
Mode = 76 vehicles
Frequency
5
10
15
20
25
5
(d)
Number of
vehicles
Number of days
(f)
Cumulative
frequency
59 50 4 4
69 60 10 (14)
79 70 (24) 38
89 80 16 ( )
99 90 6 ( )
Step1 : Median class is given by =
30
2
60
2
T T T
n
= =
Therefore, the median class is 79 70 cm.
Step2 : Median = c
f
F
n
L
m
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
2
= (___)
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
24
14
2
60
( __ )
= 76.17 vehicles
L = lower boundaryof themedian
class =69.5
n =

= 60 f
F =cumulativefrequencybeforethe
medianclass=14
f
m
=frequencyof themedianclass
=24
c =sizeof themedianclass
=upper boundary lower
boundary
m
6
7.3 Test Yourself 1
For each set of data below, calculate the median by using a formula.
1. The table below shows the age of a group of students.
Age(years) 0 4 5 9 10 14 15 19 20 24 25 29
Number of students 10 20 25 32 28 25
Age Frequency Cumulativefrequency
0 4
5 9
10 14
15 19
20 24
25 29
Median =
2. The table below shows the weight of a group of babies . 2. The table below shows the
weight of a group of babies.
Weight
(kg)
3.0 3.4 3.5 3.9 4.0 4.4 4.5 4.9 5.0 5.4
Frequency 21 14 25 18 16
Weight (kg) Frequency Cumulativefrequency
3.0 3.4
3.5 3.9
4.0 4.4
4.5 4.9
5.0 5.4
Median =
7
7.4 RANGE AND INTERQUARTILE RANGE OF GROUPED DATA
( Using a formula)
Activity 2 : The table below shows the speed of 100 vehicles that pass by a small town
in a certain period of time.
Speed(kmhour
1
) Number of vehicles
40 44 8
45 49 18
50 54 16
55 59 26
60 64 22
65 69 10
Calculate
(a) the range
(b) the interquartile range using formula.
Solution :
(a) Range =
2
) (
2
69 65
+
= 67 42
= 25 km hour
1
(b)
Speed Number of
vehicles(f)
Cumulative
frequency
40 44 8 (8)
45 49 (18) 26
50 54 16 ( )
55 59 26 (68)
60 64 (22) 90
65 69 10 ( )
Step1 : The Q
3
class is given by =
25
4
100
4
T T T
n
= =
Q
1
class = . 45 49
Midpoint of the highest class
Midpoint of the lowest class
Q
1
Q
3
8
Step2 : Q
1
= c
Q
F
n
Q
f
L
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
1
1
4
= ( ) +
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

18
) (
4
100
(5)
= 49.22 km hour
1
Step3 : The Q
3
class is given by =
75
) 100 (
4
3
4
3
T T T
n
= =
Q
3
class = . 60 64
Step4 : Q
3
= c
Q
F n
Q
f
L
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

+
3
3
4
3
= 59.5 +
|
|
|
|
.
|
\
|

) (
68 (___)
4
3
(5)
= 61.09 km hour
1
Hence, the interquartile range = Q
3
Q
1
= ( ) ( )
= 11.87 km hour
1
7.5 Test Yourself 2
For each set of data below, find (a) the range (b) the interquartile range by calculation.
L
Q1
= lower boundaryof the class Q
1
class = 44.5
n =

=100 f
F = cumulativefrequencybeforethe
Q
1
class= 8
f
Q1
= frequencyof theQ
1
class= 18
c = classsize
= upper boundary lower boundary
= 49.5 44.5
= 5
L
Q3
= lower boundaryof the class
Q
1
class = 59.5
n =

=100 f
F = cumulativefrequencybefore
theQ
3
class= 68
f
Q3
= frequencyof theQ
1
class= 22
c = classsize
= upper boundary lower
boundary= 64.5 59.5
= 5
9
1. The table below shows the number of chickens sold over a period of 100 days.
Number of chickens 10 14 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34
Number of days 20 25 30 15 10
(a)
(b)
2. The table below shows the transport expenses of the workers of an electronic firm to their
working place.
Expenses
(RM)
0.10 1.00 1.10 2.00 2.10 3.00 3.10 4.00 4.10 5.00
Number of
workers
5 9 12 8 6
(a)
(b)
10
7.6 Past Year Question
SPM 2005: Paper 2Question4
The diagram below is a histogram which represents the distribution of the marks obtained
by 40 pupils in a test.
Number of Pupils
0.5 10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5 Marks
(a) Without using an ogive, calculate the median mark.
[3 marks]
2
4
6
8
10
14
12
0
11
7.7 Assesment
1. Table below shows the frequency distribution of the age of a group of people in a
town.
Age 16 20 21 25 26 30 31 35 36 40 41 45
Frequency 18 p 15 8 4 1
Given that the median of the age of a group of people is 24.25, find the value of p.
[4 marks]
2. Use graph paper to answer this question.
The following table shows the distance of 40 workers houses to their place of work.
Distance(km) Numbersof
workers
1 2 4
3 4 8
5 6 14
7 8 10
9 10 4
12
(a) Draw a histogram and estimate the modal distance from your histogram
[4 marks]
(c) Without drawing an ogive, find the median distance. [3 marks]
(c) Calculate the mean distance. [3 marks]
13
3. The table below shows the distribution of the ages of 100 teachers in a secondary
school.
Age(years) Number of teachers
< 30 8
< 35 22
< 40 42
< 45 68
< 50 88
< 55 98
< 60 100
(a) Based on the given table, complete the following :
Ages(years) Frequency
25 29
[2 marks]
(b) Without drawing an ogive, calculate the interquartile range of the above
distribution. [6 marks]
14
Answers:
Test Yourself 1
1. Median = 16.84 years
2. Median = 4.19 kg
Test Yourself 2
1. ( a ) range = 20
( b ) Q
1
= 15.5
Q
3
= 24.5
Interquartile Range = 9 chickens
2. ( a ) range = 4
( b ) Interquartile Range = RM 1. 94
SPM 2005
Median = 24.07
Assessment
1. p = 20
2. (a) Mode = 5.7 km
(b) 5.64 km
(c) x =
f
fx
=
40
224
= 5.6 km
2. (a)
Age Frequency Cumulative
frequency
25 29 18 8
30 34 14 22
35 39 20 42
40 44 26 68
45 49 20 88
50 56 10 98
55 59 2 100
(b) Q
1
= 35.25 years
Q
3
= 46.25 years
Interquartile Range = 11 years
15
16
STATISTICS
ADDITIONAL
MATHEMATICS
MODULE 14
17
CHAPTER 7 : STATISTICS
CONTENT PAGE
7.1. Concept Map 2
7.2 Standard Deviation And Variance Of Ungrouped Data 3
7.3. Activity 1 5
7.4. Standard Deviation And Variance Of Ungrouped Data
( In Frequency Table )
8
7.5. Standard Deviation And Variance Of Grouped Data
( With Class Interval )
9
7.6. Activity 2 11
7.7. Activity 3 : SPM Focus Practice 13
7.8. Answers 16
18
7.1 CONCEPT MAP
STATISTICS
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY MEASURES OF DISPERSION
Mean
x =
n
x
GROUPED
DATA
UNGROUPED
DATA
Standard Deviation
=
2
2
) (x
n
x
Variance
=
2
2
) (x
n
x
Standard Deviation
=
2
2
) (x
f
fx
Variance
=
2
2
) (x
f
fx
UNGROUPED
DATA
GROUPED
DATA
Mean
x =
f
fx
19
7.2: STANDARD DEVIATION AND VARIANCE OF UNGROUPED DATA
Example 1: Calculate the mean, standard deviation and variance of the set of data 15,
17, 20, 23, 25.
Solution :
Step 1: Find the sum of squares of x
x 15 17 20 23 25 x = 100
x 225 400 625 x = 2068
Step 2: Substitute the values into the formulae
Mean, x =
n
x
=
100
= 20
Standard deviation, =
2
2
) (x
n
x
=
( )
2
) (
5

= 3.688
Variance, = (standard deviation) = ( ) = 13.6
Standard deviation,
=
2
) (x
n

where
2
x = sum of squares of x
n = number of data
x = mean =
n
x
Variance,
=
2
2
) (x
x
20
Example 2: The set of six integers p, q,6, 10, 15 and 18 has a mean of 9 and a standard
deviation of 6. Find
(a) the value of p + q,
(b) the value of p and of q if q>p.
Solution :
(a) Given that, mean, x = 9,
n
x
= 9
( ) ( )
9
6
15 6
=
+ + + + + q p
p + q + 49 = 9 x 6
p + q = 54 ( )
p + q = 5
(b) Given that, standard deviation, = 6
2
2
) (x
n
x
= 6
2
2
) (x
n
x
= 6
( ) =
+ + + + +
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
9
6
18 15 10 6 q p
( ) 36
6
685
2 2
=
+ + q p
36
6
685
2 2
=
+ + q p
+ 81
( ) =
+ +
6
685
2 2
q p
p + q + 685 = 117 x 6
p + q = ( ) 685
(5 q) + q = 17
25 10q + q + q - 17 = 0
2q - 10q + ( ) = 0
2, q - 5q + 4 = 0
(q 1)(q ) = 0
(q 1) = 0 or (q 4) = 0
q = 1 or q = 4
When q = 1, p = 5 1 = 4 ( not accepted because it does not satisfy the condition q > p)
When q = 4, p = 5 4 = 1 (accepted)
From (a), p + q = 5
p = 5 - q
21
7.3 ACTIVITY 1
1. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the set of data 3, 8, 5, 7, 9, 6.
2. Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the set of data 2.3, 2.8, 3.0, 3.2,
2.5, 3.9, 3.3.
22
3. The sum of 10 numbers is 180. The sum of the squares of these numbers is 3360.
Find the variance of these 10 numbers.
4. Given a set of data (k 2), k, k, (5k 2), where k 0, find the value of k for which the
mean equals the standard deviation.
23
5. The mean and the standard deviation for the numbers 1, 3, 5, 6 and 8 are 4.6 and 2.42
respectively. Find in terms of k
(a) The mean for numbers 1 + k, 3 + k, 5 + k, 6 + k and 8 + k.
(b) The standard deviation for the numbers k + 4, 3k + 4, 5k + 4, 6k + 4 and 8k + 4.
24
7.4: STANDARD DEVIATION AND VARIANCE OF UNGROUPED DATA (in
Frequency
Table)
Example : A group of 90 typist took a typing test. They were given a document to type.
The following table shows the times they took to type.
Time(minutes), x Number of typists, f
15 10
16 28
17 24
18 13
19 10
29 5
Calculate
(a) the mean,
(b) the standard deviation
Solution :
Time,(x) f fx fx
15 10 150 2250
16 ( ) 448 7168
17 24 ( ) 6937
18 13 234 4212
19 10 190 ( )
20 5 100 2000
f = 90 ( )
= fx

=26176
2
fx
(a) Mean, x =
( )
17
1530
= =
f
fx
minutes
Variance,
=
2
2
) (
f
fx
Standard deviation,
=
( )
2
2
) (x
fx
where
f = frequency
x = mean =
f
fx
25
(b) Standard deviation,
=
2
2
) (x
f
fx
=
( )
2
17
90

= 1.36 minutes
7.5: STANDARD DEVIATION AND VARIANCE OF GROUPED DATA (with class
interval)
Example : The following table shows the distribution of heights of a group of 40 students.
Height(cm) Number of students
159 162 1
163 166 4
167 170 11
171 174 12
175 178 6
179 182 4
183 186 2
Calculate
(a) the mean,
(b) the standard deviation
of the distribution.
Standard deviation,
=
( )
2
) (x
fx

where
f = frequency
x = class midpoint
x = mean =
f
fx
Variance,
=
( )
2
2
) (x
fx
26
Solution:
Step 1:
Height(cm) Mid-point, x f fx fx
159 162 160.5 1 160.5 25760.25
163 166 164.5 4 ( ) 108241.00
167 170 ( ) 11 1853.5 312314.75
171 174 172.5 ( ) 2070.0 357075.00
175 178 176.5 6 1059.0 ( )
179 182 ( ) 4 722.0 130321.00
183 186 184.5 2 369.0 68080.50
= 40 f ( ) =
fx

=1188706
2
fx
Step 2: Substitute the values into the formulae
(a) Mean, x =
( )
3 . 172
6892
= =
f
fx
cm
(b) Standard deviation,
=
2
2
) (x
f
fx
= ( )
40
1188706
= 5.51 cm
27
7.6 ACTIVITY 2:
1. Find the mean and variance of the set of data below.
Number of tickets 26 28 30 32
Number of days 10 12 15 11
The table above shows the number of tickets sold over a period of 48 days.
28
2. Find the mean and standard deviation of the set of data below.
Score 10 14 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34
Frequency 6 10 14 12 8
The table above shows the scores of a group of students who fail in a test.
29
7.7 ACTIVITY 3 : SPM FOCUS PRACTICE
1. SPM 2005, PAPER 1. QUESTION 23.
The mean of four numbers is m . The sum of squares of the numbers is 100 and the
standard deviation is 3k.
Express m in terms of k. [3 marks]
2. SPM 2003, PAPER 2. QUESTION 5.
A set of examination marks
6 5 4 3 2 1
, , , , , x x x x x x has a mean of 5 and a standard
deviation of 1.5.
(a) Find
(i) the sum of the marks,

x ,
(ii) the sum of the squares of the marks,

2
x . [3 marks]
(b) Each mark is multiplied by 2 and then 3 is added to it.
Find, for the new set of marks,
(i) the mean,
(ii) the variance. [4 marks]
30
3. SPM 2004, PAPER 2, QUESTION 4.
A set of data consists of 10 numbers. The sum of the numbers is 150 and the sum of
the squares of the numbers is 2472.
(a) Find the mean and variance of the 10 numbers. [3 marks]
(b) Another number is added to the set of data and the mean is increased by 1.
Find
(i) the value of this number,
(ii) the standard deviation of the set of the set of 11 numbers. [3 marks]
31
4. SPM 2005, PAPER 2. QUESTION 4(b)
The diagram below is a histogram which represents the distribution of the marks
obtained by 40 pupils in a test.
Number of Pupils
0.5 10.5 20.5 30.5 40.5 50.5
(b) Calculate the standard deviation of the distribution.
2
4
6
8
10
14
12
0
32
7.8 ANSWERS
ACTIVITY 1:
1. x = 6.333
= 3.893
= 1.973
2. x = 3
= 0.2457
= 0.4957
3. = 12 4. k = 2
5. (a)
5
23 5 + k
(b) 2.42k
ACTIVITY 2:
1. x = 29.13
= 4.193
2. x = 22.6
= 6.216
ACTIVITY 3:
1. m = 25 9k
2. (a) (i)

= 30 x
(ii) 5 . 163
2
=
x
(b) (i) x = 13
(ii) = 9
3. (a) x = 15
= 22.2
(b) (i) k = 26
(ii) = 5.494
4. (b) = 11.74
33

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