BANKO BIKANO

COMMUNITY LED SANITATION CAMPAIGN IN BIKANER

Under Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan
Arti Dogra
District Collector, Bikaner
Banko Bikano- A community led sanitation campaign in Bikaner
Arti Dogra, District Collector, Bikaner
dm-bik-rj@nic.in
Overview
Knowledge Sharing Forum
What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Summary: In the heart of the arid Thar Desert , the programme of sanitation was
almost destined to fail given the traditional approach to sanitation. But in April 2013
when it was launched, the Banko Bikano campaign surprised everyone including the
government officials in Bikaner. Unlike other process and target oriented government
programmes, this one focused on being community led and community driven .
Morever the basic premise of the programme was pride- pride and self respect for the
women, pride for the family , pride for the village and ultimately for the district. This
thought and vision caught on in the social set up of rural Bikaner and the programme
became almost self propelling.
Bikaner
Third Largest District
in the country
Area: 28466 sq km
Population:
2,367,745
Gram Panchayats:
219
Heart of the desert
Severe droughts
Severe climate


Desert terrain
The size of the district
Huge Gram Panchayats
Dhani culture
Water Scarcity
Low literacy for women
Feudal society
Past history of the
programme



TSC program was not functioning , with
no officers in place
The Challenge- All the Excuses
The Trigger
Involvement of Water and Sanitation
Programme of World Bank
Convincing the public representatives
Engaging a dedicated team
Finding a District Co-ordinator
Trying to erase memories of the past

Campaign Branding
- Rising Sun
Focus on Ranbankura
Using local language &
customs
Emphasis on pride

Shift from target orientation to objective
orientation
Focus on Pride ,Dignity and respect for women
Community Led - Bringing the community to the
fore
Intensive training and capacity building of
stakeholders
Dedicated visits ,follow ups and regular
meetings (Ratri Chaupal, Saturday meeting etc)
Monitoring is focused on ODF (community wide
behaviour change) rather than construction of
individual toilets (Emphasis on 100% usage)
ODF GPs would be recognized and rewarded
with schemes such as SLWM

Strategy
Communities to be triggered by DRG
Early morning nigarani by natural leaders of
each village/habitation
Toilets have to be constructed by people
themselves; No third party involved
Communities are encouraged themselves to
support the poorest of the poor.
Incentives would be given after achieving ODF
status only
No standard design of toilet.(preference of
household matters, but low cost options are
communicated)
Women and children are included in the process



Execution
Convincing stakeholders
Having staff and institutional
arrangement in place
District Coordinator
Block coordinators
DRG
Nodal officers
Motivators
Partnership with WSP for Strategic
technical support

Preparation Phase Jan to March 2013
5 days residential training
by WSP
Training motivators, Gram
Secretaries, Sarpanch and
other key functionaries
Ensuring presence of key
functionaries
Triggering of two GPs (Naal
and Ridmalsar)



Launch April 2013
Naal Bari became the first
ODF Panchayat in 10 days
Instant hero of the
sarpanch of Naal
21 GPs claimed ODF status
in the first one month
Media attention
Thought provoking for
critics

Response
Prompt follow up to
discuss the success of
Naal
Intensive monitoring
thereafter
Weekly meetings and
prompt mid course
correction

Response
DRG Members & Local
Leaders involved
demonstrate how to
construct toilets.
Massive meetings in all
interested GPs
Creating community
leaders
Scaling Up Involving PRIs
Proactive PRI Involvement

Even aged men as well as
women came forward to
construct their own
toilets,
Active role to early
morning Nigrani
Role to women and their
pride
Rallies by school children

Scaling Up-Involving the community
Active Participation by Women
Different types of toilets
as per the preference
and affordability of
community.
No standard model was
promoted.
Training at all levels
including masons
Availability of material


Scaling Up- Providing Options
Trained and dedicated
resource persons willing
to work 24x7
Night halts and two day
visits by the DRG



District Resource Group
The District Support Unit
will undertake a
stringent verification of
ODF status
Before declaring a GP
ODF, to verify that all
households have access
to toilets

Mobile Monitoring - ODF Claims
Verification
Using outcome tracker
mobile app developed by
WSP

Independent Journalists,
Students and NGO
professionals

Mobile Monitoring - ODF Claims
Verification
Complimentary to
interpersonal
communication
Creates demand from
all corners


Success Press Coverage
Success ODF status of GPs
0
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Ensuring Timely Payments
Convergence with MG-NREGA
Sustaining the ODF status
Extending to the entire district
Meeting the new aspiration of the people
Challenges Ahead
Knowledge Sharing Forum
What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
Being a community driven
campaign
Ensuring it is a demand
driven campaign
Central role to women
Focus on PRI

Key Success Factors
Knowledge Sharing Forum
What works at scale? Distilling critical success factors for scaling-up rural sanitation
THANKS