Scribd Logo
Unggah

Selamat datang di Scribd!

  • What Is Data? What Is Data?

    Diunggah oleh

    rvijaysubs_764835048
    22 tayangan19 halaman
    The document defines data as values of qualitative or quantitative variables belonging to a set of items. It distinguishes between raw data, which is unprocessed information in its original form, and processed data, which has been prepared for analysis through steps like merging, subsetting, and transforming. The amount of data in the world has grown exponentially with advances in technology and collection of information from sources like the internet and social media. While "big data" typically refers to datasets too large for traditional techniques, the most important factor is having the right data to answer a question, not just a large amount of data.

    Deskripsi Asli:

    What is data - a definition that will explain you what data is

    Judul Asli

    What is Data

    Hak Cipta

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Format Tersedia

    PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd

    Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

    Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

    Laporkan Dokumen Ini
    The document defines data as values of qualitative or quantitative variables belonging to a set of items. It distinguishes between raw data, which is unprocessed information in its original form, and processed data, which has been prepared for analysis through steps like merging, subsetting, and transforming. The amount of data in the world has grown exponentially with advances in technology and collection of information from sources like the internet and social media. While "big data" typically refers to datasets too large for traditional techniques, the most important factor is having the right data to answer a question, not just a large amount of data.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    22 tayangan19 halaman

    What Is Data? What Is Data?

    Diunggah oleh

    rvijaysubs_764835048
    The document defines data as values of qualitative or quantitative variables belonging to a set of items. It distinguishes between raw data, which is unprocessed information in its original form, and processed data, which has been prepared for analysis through steps like merging, subsetting, and transforming. The amount of data in the world has grown exponentially with advances in technology and collection of information from sources like the internet and social media. While "big data" typically refers to datasets too large for traditional techniques, the most important factor is having the right data to answer a question, not just a large amount of data.

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai PDF, TXT atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 19

    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?

    Page 1 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    What is data? What is data?
    Jeffrey Leek, Assistant Professor of Biostatistics
    Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 2 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Definition of data Definition of data
    Data are values of qualitative or
    quantitative variables, belonging to a
    set of items.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data

    2/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 3 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Definition of data Definition of data
    Data are values of qualitative or
    quantitative variables, belonging to a
    set of items.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data
    Set of items: Sometimes called the population; the set of objects you are interested in

    3/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 4 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Definition of data Definition of data
    Data are values of qualitative or
    quantitative variables, belonging to a
    set of items.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data
    Variables: A measurement or characteristic of an item.

    4/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 5 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Definition of data Definition of data
    Data are values of qualitative or
    quantitative variables, belonging to a
    set of items.
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data
    Qualitative: Country of origin, sex, treatment
    Quantitative: Height, weight, blood pressure

    5/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 6 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Raw versus processed data Raw versus processed data
    Raw data
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raw_data
    Processed data
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_processing
    The original source of the data
    Often hard to use for data analyses
    Data analysis includes processing
    Raw data may only need to be processed once

    Data that is ready for analysis


    Processing can include merging, subsetting, transforming, etc.
    There may be standards for processing
    All steps should be recorded

    6/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 7 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    An example of a processing pipeline An example of a processing pipeline
    http://www.illumina.com.cn/support/sequencing/sequencing_instruments/hiseq_1000.asp
    7/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 8 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    An example of a processing pipeline An example of a processing pipeline
    http://www.cbcb.umd.edu/~hcorrada/CMSC858B/lectures/lect22_seqIntro/seqIntro.pdf
    8/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 9 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    What do raw data look like? What do raw data look like?
    http://brianknaus.com/software/srtoolbox/s_4_1_sequence80.txt
    9/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 10 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    What do raw data look like? What do raw data look like?
    https://dev.twitter.com/docs/api/1/get/blocks/blocking
    10/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 11 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    What do raw data look like? What do raw data look like?
    http://blue-button.github.com/challenge/
    11/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 12 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    What do processed data look like? What do processed data look like?
    http://vita.had.co.nz/papers/tidy-data.pdf
    Leek, Taub, and Pineda 2011 PLoS One
    1. Each variable forms a column
    2. Each observation forms a row
    3. Each table/file stores data about one kind of observation (e.g. people/hospitals).
    12/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 13 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    How much is there? How much is there?
    http://mashable.com/2011/06/28/data-infographic/
    13/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 14 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    So what about big data? So what about big data?
    14/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 15 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Depends on your perspective Depends on your perspective
    15/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 16 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Why big data now? Why big data now?
    Travers and Milgram (1969) Sociometry
    16/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 17 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Why big data now? Why big data now?
    Leskovec and Horvitz WWW '08
    17/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 18 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Big or small - you need the right data Big or small - you need the right data
    The data may not contain the answer.
    The combination of some data and an
    aching desire for an answer does not
    ensure that a reasonable answer can
    be extracted from a given body of
    data...
    Tukey

    18/19
    1/22/13 3:24 PM What is data?
    Page 19 of 19 file:///Users/jtleek/Dropbox/Jeff/teaching/2013/coursera/week1/003whatIsData/index.html#1
    Big or small - you need the right data Big or small - you need the right data
    ...no matter how big the data are.
    Leek

    19/19

    Anda mungkin juga menyukai