MIDTERM EXAMINATION

Spring 2010
STA630- Research Methods Session - !"
#$estion No% 1 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
Research can help in the following ways for developing methodologies, EXCEPT;
Tools of data collection
New techniqe for gathering data
!efining a pro"lem
!ata analysis
#$estion No% 2 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the folowing is the "asis of the $cientific %ethod&
To test hypothesis in conditions that is condcive to its sccess'
To formlate a research pro"lem and disprove the hypothesis'
To formlate a research pro"lem, test the hypothesis in careflly controlled
conditions that challenge the hypothesis'
To test hypothesis and if they are disproved, they shold "e a"andoned
completely'
#$estion No% 3 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
Research method is applica"le in all of the following fields, E(cept'
)ealth care
*siness
+overnment offices
Religion
#$estion No% ! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following *E$T descri"es qantitative research&
The collection of non nmerical data
,n attempt to confirm the research-s hypotheses
Research that is e(ploratory
Research that attempts to generate a new theory
#$estion No% ) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is the definition of an independent varia"le&
, varia"le that is maniplated or controlled "y the e(perimenter'
, response varia"le'
The "ehavioral measre made "y the e(perimenter'
, dependent varia"le that is controlled "y the e(perimenter'
#$estion No% 6 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hy do yo need to review the e(isting literatre&
To give yor dissertation a proper academic appearance, with lots of
references'
*ecase withot it, yo cold never reach the reqired word.cont'
To find ot what is already /nown a"ot yor area of interest'
To help in yor general stdy'
#$estion No% * Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
, literatre review shold "e characteri0ed "y all of the following, EXCEPT;
$mmari0e and report each article'
1se important topics as the organi0ing strctre of the review'
,naly0e all articles for similarities and differences related to ma2or topics'
!iscss implications relative to the research pro"lem'
#$estion No% + Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following fnctions is performed "y theoretical framewor/&
Ela"orates the relationship among the varia"les'
E(plains the logic nderlying these relationships'
!escri"es the natre, and direction of the relationships'
,ll of the given options'
#$estion No% , Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hen there is a need of generating new ideas for hypotheses or to interpret the
reslts of some research, which one is the "est research deign&
E(periment
$rveys
-oc$s gro$p disc$ssion
Commnication analysis
#$estion No% 10 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hat shold the "siness researcher "e aware of when signing a confidentiality
agreement&
,ny clase which limits the length of a qestionnaire'
,ny clase which allows the company to comment on findings that will "e
p"lished'
,ny clase which increases the level of access for the researcher'
,ny clase which garantees the anonymity of research participants'
#$estion No% 11 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is an e(ample of deception in "siness research&
The o"taining of company material withot permission'
The researcher wearing a disgise dring an o"servation'
The researcher representing their research as "eing a"ot a different topic'
The researcher failing to as/ permission to interview someone'
#$estion No% 12 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,ll of the following are part of the ethics code for animal research, e.cept/
The researcher mst "e an e(pert a"ot the species "eing stdied'
Procedres sing reinforcement are preferred over those sing pnishment'
,nimal stdies that are prely edcational in prpose cannot "e done'
3f the animal mst "e /illed at the end of the stdy, a painless procedre mst
"e sed'
#$estion No% 13 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is not an e(ample of deception&
, part of the trth is not commnicated to the respondent'
To o"serve code of ethics'
To lea/ ot information regarding any confidential matter'
To create "ias "etween respondents "efore the srvey'
#$estion No% 1! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following *E$T descri"es an assessment that e(amines stdents4
a"ility to condct a chemistry e(periment in the la"&
,ptitde
3nterest inventory
Performance assessment
$tandardi0ed test
#$estion No% 1) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is a legitimate prpose of a research plan&
3t forces yo to thin/ throgh every aspect of a stdy'
3t provides detailed procedres to gide the condct of the stdy'
3t provides clear roadmap of the stdy'
#riting a plan facilitates the evalation of it'
#$estion No% 16 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following srveys are more impersonal than face.to.face interviews&
%ail
Recorded 3nterview
5ocs grop
Telephonic
#$estion No% 1* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,ll of the following are the characteristics of scientific methods of research,
EX0E'T/
Cmlative
!eterministic
1nethical
Rationalism
#$estion No% 1+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is NOT the featre of theoretical framewor/&
%a/e an inventory of varia"les
$tatistical analysis
$pecify the direction of relationship
%a/e an inventory of propositions
#$estion No% 1, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following stdy reqires the collection of data at one point in time
from a large nm"er of respondents&
Case stdy
Cross.sectional stdy
,ll of the given options
6ongitdinal stdy
#$estion No% 20 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is N7T the goal of the e(planatory research&
Testing theory
Esta"lishing the relationship "etween different phenomenon
+enerating new ideas a"ot the topic
Replicating a theory to a new area
#$estion No% 21 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
*asic research can also "e called as
Practical research
5ndamental Research
,ction research
,ssessment research
#$estion No% 22 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
!escriptive hypothesis is also called8
!irectional )ypothesis
1nivariate )ypothesis
Non directional )ypothesis
,ll of the given options
#$estion No% 23 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
6ogical argment of the researcher can "e "ased on8
Personal e(perience
6iteratre review
,rm chair thin/ing
,ll of the given options
#$estion No% 2! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
Rationalism is the application of which of the following&
Research soltion
6ogic and argments
3ntition
Previos findings
#$estion No% 2) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is the characteristic9s of )ypotheses in qalitative
research stdies&
)ypotheses are very specific and stated prior to "eginning the stdy'
)ypotheses are never sed'
)ypotheses are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and
analy0ed'
)ypotheses are dedctively tested
#$estion No% 26 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
:::::::::::::::are more specific that dimensions8
Elements
;aria"les
,spects of varia"les
Concepts
#$estion No% 2* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is an indicator of the 2o" stress&
1 0o2petiti3e pa4
Role conflict
5air policies
None of the given options
#$estion No% 2+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following fnctions is performed "y the Ratio scale&
,ll of the given options
!istance
7rder
1niqe origin
#$estion No% 2, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following effect in internal validity occrs when test nits with
e(treme scores are sed'
$tatistical regression
$election *ias
%atration
3nstrmentation
#$estion No% 30 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
The design where we have no control over the varia"les and report only what
has happened or what is happening is called:::::::::::
Research design
Contrived design
E(.post.facto design
E(planatory design
#$estion No% 31 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following disadvantage of personal interview can "e overcome "y
rapport "ilding&
Cost
6ac/ of anonymity of the respondents
$carcity of highly trained interviewers
Call"ac/s
#$estion No% 32 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
6arge nm"er of respondents are "est interviewed in a <an=:::::::::: way
1nstrctred
$trctred
$emi strctred
7pen ended
#$estion No% 33 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich one of these is an interviewer.administered qestionnaire&
Postal qestionnaire
!elivery and collection qestionnaire
Telephone qestionnaire
7n.line qestionnaire
#$estion No% 3! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
7ne of the disadvantages of the internet srvey is8
,ll people cannot participate
$low data collection speed
6ess anonymity
)igh cost
#$estion No% 3) Mar&s% 3 "
#hy preliminary notification is essential in self administered qestionnaire&
#$estion No% 36 Mar&s% ) "
, research was condcted "y edcation department to see the impact of strict
teaching practices on the rate of failre among the stdents'
3dentify dependent and independent varia"les' <>=
Classify this research according to prpose of doing research; e(ploratory,
descriptive or e(planatory' E(plain yor choice'<?=
Classify this research according to se of research; *asic or ,pplied' E(plain
yor choice'<?=
#$estion No% 3* Mar&s% ) "
@*ecase literatre srvey is a time.consming e(ercise, a good in.depth
interview will "e sfficient to develop a theoretical framewor/@' !iscss this
statement'
Aestion No8 > < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#ho, among the following, is the writer of *siness Research %ethods&
Neman, #'C'
Bi/mnd, #'
1 Se&aran5 67
!essler, +'
Aestion No8 ? < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the folowing is the "asis of the $cientific %ethod&
To test hypothesis in conditions that is condcive to its sccess'
To formlate a research pro"lem and disprove the hypothesis'
1 To 8or2$(ate a research pro9(e25 test the h4pothesis in care8$((4 contro((ed conditions
that cha((enge the h4pothesis7
To test hypothesis and if they are disproved, they shold "e a"andoned completely'
Aestion No8 C < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
The action research method is depicting as a strengthening process "ecase;
!ata collection contines throghot data analysis'
The reslts are analy0ed and sed "y other researchers to condct additional investigations of
the topic'
The action researcher contines to stdy other topics of interest after the initial stdy is
completed'
The process contines even after the data are collected and analy0ed, and actions are ta/en
"ased on findings'
!ata collection contines throghot data analysis'
Aestion No8 D < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
Aantitative researcher4s pre.occpation with generali0ation is an attempt to8
!evelop the law li/e findings of the natral sciences'
*oost their chances of p"lication'
Enhance the internal validity of their research'
!emonstrate the comple( techniqes of statistical analysis'
Aestion No8 E < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
F3ncome distri"tion of employeesG in a specific organi0ation is an e(ample of which type of
varia"le&
!iscontinos varia"le
!ependent varia"le
1 0ontin$o$s 3aria9(e
3ndependent varia"le
Aestion No8 H < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
)ypothesis test may also "e called as8
3nformal test
%oderating test
$ignificance test
1 t-test
$ignificance test
Aestion No8 I < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
, formal statement of the research qestion or Fprpose of research stdyG generally8
3s made prior to the literatre review
3s made after the literatre review
#ill help gide the research process
3s made "efore or after literatre review
http899www'sothala"ama'ed9coe9"set92ohnson9mcq9mcC'htm
Aestion No8 J < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hat shold the "siness researcher "e aware of when signing a confidentiality agreement&
,ny clase which limits the length of a qestionnaire'
1 An4 c(a$se :hich a((o:s the co2pan4 to co22ent on 8indings that :i(( 9e p$9(ished7
,ny clase which increases the level of access for the researcher'
,ny clase which garantees the anonymity of research participants'
Aestion No8 K < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
Aantitative research has "een criticised "ecase8
The reliance on instrments and procedres ma/es it high in ecological validity'
1 The 2eas$re2ent process s$ggests a sp$rio$s and arti8icia( sense o8 acc$rac47
3t nderestimates the similarities "etween o"2ects in the natral and social worlds'
3t has no validity'
The measrement process sggests a sprios and artificial sense of accracy'
Aestion No8 >L < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following *E$T descri"es an assessment that e(amines stdents4 a"ility to condct
a chemistry e(periment in the la"&
,ptitde
3nterest inventory
1 'er8or2ance assess2ent
$tandardi0ed test
,ptitde
Aestion No8 >> < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
7ne of the preoccpations of qantitative researchers is with generali0ation, which is a sign of8
1 E.terna( 3a(idit4
3nternal relia"ility
E(ternal relia"ility
3nternal validity
Aestion No8 >? < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
, stdy design in which the researcher might create::::::: to esta"lish case.and.effect
relationship is called E(perimental !esign'
1 An arti8icia( setting5 contro( so2e 3aria9(es and 2anip$(ates the independent 3aria9(e
, natral setting, control some varia"les and maniplates the dependent varia"les
,n artificial setting, control some varia"les and maniplates the dependent varia"le
,ll of the given options
,n artificial setting, control some varia"les and maniplates the independent varia"le
Aestion No8 >C < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following types of srvey research is often sed for program evalation or
accreditation prposes&
!evelopmental srveys
1 -o((o:$p st$dies
P"lic opinion polls
No srvey research is appropriate
Aestion No8 >D < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hat shold the researcher do if they have achieved a low response rate&
Copy responses and paste them again'
,"andon the research pro2ect entirely'
1 Recogni;e and accept the possi9(e (i2itations o8 a (o: response rate7
5ill in some more qestionnaires themselves'
Aestion No8 >E < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following characteristic of the scientific method is defined as the confirmation or
reftation of the o"servation throgh the scientific method "y sing sensory e(perience&
1 E2pirica(
;erifia"le
7"serva"le
Cmlative
Aestion No8 >H < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following stdy reqires the collection of data at one point in time from a large
nm"er of respondents&
Case stdy
1 0ross-sectiona( st$d4
,ll of the given options
6ongitdinal stdy
Aestion No8 >I < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
*asic research can also "e called as
Practical research
1 -$nda2enta( Research
,ction research
,ssessment research
Aestion No8 >J < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
%ethodological reviews can "e "est e(plained as8
Evalation of the previos research methodologies sed "y the researchers page ?I
,ssessment of the models "ilt "y the previos researchers
Reviewing the review in the systematic manner
$tdying the specific conte(t nder stdy
Evalation of the previos research methodologies sed "y the researchers
Aestion No8 >K < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
The review that presents the crrent state of /nowledge "y com"ining different reports is called8
$elf stdy review
Theoretical review
$ystematic review
1 Integrati3e re3ie:
Aestion No8 ?L < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
The "est method to narrow down a topic is to8
!evelop theoretical framewor/
1 Re3ie: (iterat$re
Test a hypothesis
Condct a srvey
Aestion No8 ?> < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following is not the part of the fnded research proposal&
Research strategies
$ignificance of the research
Research Team
Theoretical framewor/
Aestion No8 ?? < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hy shold we stdy research for or degree reqirement&
*ecase we live in a society that is driven "y research'
To improve or critical thin/ing s/ills'
To learn how to critically evalate p"lished research'
1 A(( o8 the gi3en options
Aestion No8 ?C < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following is ela"orative e(ploratory pilot stdy&
5ocs grop discssion I page
6iteratre review
!ocment analysis
$rvey
Aestion No8 ?D < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following is tre for field e(periment&
3t is difficlt to control the e(ternal factors to research
3t is possi"le to esta"lish perfect case and effect relationship
$rvey method is not appropriate
3t is similar to la" e(periment
3t is possi"le to esta"lish perfect case and effect relationship
Aestion No8 ?E < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following is the *E$T hypothesis&
$tdents ta/ing formative qi00es will perform "etter on e(ams at the end of the chapter than
stdents not ta/ing these qi00es'
Taller stdents will have higher test scores than shorter stdents'
$tdents taght in a cooperative grop setting shold do "etter than stdents in a traditional
class'
$tdents sing laptops will do well'
$tdents taght in a cooperative grop setting shold do "etter than stdents in a traditional
class'
Aestion No8 ?H < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
MThere is no relationship "etween motivation level and efficiency- is an e(ample of which type of
hypothesis&
,lternative
Correlational
Nll
Research
Nll
Aestion No8 ?I < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following is not a characteristic of the operational definition&
3t divides a concept into the empirical measres
3t translates a "road phenomenon into specific concepts page >J
3t delineates the antecedents of the concept "eing operationali0ed
3t provides the wor/ing definition of the concept
Aestion No8 ?J < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following types of scales is li/ely measring stdents4 deeply held "eliefs a"ot
ideas, people, or o"2ects&
The $tdy of ;ales
The ,ttitdes toward $chool $cale
The $trong Camp"ell 3nterest 3nventory
The %innesota %ltiphasic Personality 3nventory
The ,ttitdes toward $chool $cale
Aestion No8 ?K < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following statements is correct a"ot validity and relia"ility&
#hen internal validity is high, e(ternal validity is low
#hen internal validity is high, there is no change in e(ternal validity
#hen internal validity is high, e(ternal validity is also high
,ll of the given options
,ll of the given options
Aestion No8 CL < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
6arge nm"er of respondents are "est interviewed in a <an=:::::::::: way
1nstrctred
$trctred
$emi strctred
7pen ended
7pen ended
Aestion No8 C> < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
!ifferent factors affect the otcome of srvey' 3n a stdy sing a self completion qestionnaire,
which of the following wold pro"a"ly N7T affect the otcome&
Inter3ie:er training
$ample si0e
3ncentive qality
Aestion wording
3nterviewer training
Aestion No8 C? < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
The response rate of the internet srvey can "e increased de to8
Personality of the researcher
1 Ma.i2$2 n$29er o8 the <$estions *6 page
$ponsoring agency
,ll of the given options
%a(imm nm"er of the qestions
Aestion No8 CC < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following hypothesis is a descriptive one&
#hat is the level of commitment of the officers in yor organi0ation&
#hat is the effect of organi0ational commitment on officer-s prodctivity&
#hat are the factors that affect commitment of the officers&
,ll of the given options'
Aestion No8 CD < %ar/s8 > = . Please choose one
#hich of the following does not represent the characteristic of a good qantitative pro"lem
statement&
$pecifies the relationship "etween varia"les that the researcher e(pects to find'
!efines the independent and dependent varia"les'
Conveys a sense of emerging design'
$pecifies a research hypothesis to "e tested'
$pecifies the relationship "etween varia"les that the researcher e(pects to find'
Aestion No8 CE < %ar/s8 C =
#hat is the primary difference "etween test9retest and internal consistency&
Aestion No8 CH < %ar/s8 E =
Researchers interviewed a grop of people in a specific room' They were told that only their
interaction with each other and their point of views on a specific isse are "eing stdied "t in fact
high freqency sond waves were passed throgh that room and their effect on hman "ehavior
was "eing o"served'
,nswer the following qestions8
3s it an act of deception& +ive reason for yor choice'
!o yo thin/ it was necessary to deceive the respondent in this e(periment&
#hat can the researcher do after the completion of research to rectify the damage done to the
respondents&
Aestion No8 CI < %ar/s8 E =
#hat is personal interviewing, how it can "e condcted and at which places&
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
-a(( 200,
STA630- Research Methods
#$estion No% 1 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#ho, among the following, wrote the "oo/ @Research %ethods for *siness@&
Bi/mnd, #'
1 Se&aran5 67
!essler, +'
Neman, #'C'
#$estion No% 2 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hat does an empiricist "elieve&
,ll the /nowledge that we have of life after death can "e sed in research'
1 =no:(edge in the 8or2 o8 >8acts? sho$(d 9e gained thro$gh sensor4
e.perience7
Research condcted within the *ritish Empire was "iased and nrelia"le'
Research shold not always necessarily rely on the scientific methods'
Reference8
)ow do we actally /now the things we /now& People told s some of them, we
read a"ot some of them and others we saw, or felt for orselves' This is at the
heart of empiricism . we acqire /nowledge throgh or sensory perceptions' 3t
follows that the empiricist approach to research is to gather information throgh
o"servation of the 4real4 world and let theory emerge as a /ind of conclsion' #e
shold not start ot with a theory, an empiricist might say, and find facts which
seem to sit' Now, althogh this discssion might seem a "it too philosophical for
some and conseqently, a "it esoteric, most social research depends on
4empirical4 data' #hat this means is that most research stdies inclde qite a "it
of primary data gathering and are not 2st limited to msing a"ot what others
have said'

#$estion No% 3 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,ction research sally ta/es place in a single school "ecase;
1 It is designed to ans:er <$estions a9o$t i2pro3ing practice in a
partic$(ar setting7
3t is difficlt to secre permission to stdy stdents in mltiple schools'
Teachers do not have the necessary s/ills to condct research across mltiple
settings'
!ata collection methods sed in action research are designed for single
settings'
#$estion No% ! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is characteristic of action research&
;aria"les are tightly controlled'
Reslts are generali0a"le'
Reslts demonstrate case.and.effect relationships'
!ata are sally qalitative'
#$estion No% ) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following statements is TR1E for qalitative research qestion&
3t as/s a qestion a"ot some process, or phenomenon to "e e(plored'
3t is generally an open.ended qestion'
3t as/s a qestion which may "e open ended'
3t as/s a closed ended qestion'
#$estion No% 6 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is N7T an e(ample of qantitative varia"le&
,ge
+rade point average
+ender
%otivation
#$estion No% * Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
3n research, something that does not FvaryG is /nown as8
;aria"le
%ethod
Constant
Control grop
#$estion No% + Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
The case varia"le or the one that identifies forces or conditions that act on
something else is /nown as8
%oderating varia"le
3ndependent varia"le
Categorical varia"le
!ependent varia"le
#$estion No% , Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following statements "est defines hypothesis&
, qantitative stdy'
, tentative prediction of the reslts of the research'
, qalitative research design'
The operational definition of the stdy'
#$estion No% 10 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is the characteristic9s of )ypotheses in qalitative
research stdies&
)ypotheses are very specific and stated prior to "eginning the stdy'
)ypotheses are never sed'
)ypotheses are often generated as the data are collected, interpreted, and
analy0ed'
)ypotheses are always stated after the research stdy has "een completed'
#$estion No% 11 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
)ypothesis test may also "e called as8
3nformal test
%oderating test
$ignificance test
t.test
#$estion No% 12 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following refers to @, review that only demonstrates familiarity with
an area is rarely p"lished "t it often is part of an edcational program is which
type of review@&
3ntegrative review
Theoretical review
$elf.stdy review
)istorical review
#$estion No% 13 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich one of the following tas/s is NOT accomplished "y theoretical framewor/&
Ela"orate the relationship among the varia"les
E(plain the logic nderlying the relationship "etween the varia"les'
!escri"e the natre, and direction of the relationships among the varia"les'
Relates the previos stdies'
#$estion No% 1! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following strategies is sefl when defining a particlar research
qestion&
To clearly articlate the research qestion, to provide operational, definitions
and ensring its testa"ility'
To clearly articlate the research qestion, otlining the conditions in which
the phenomena of interest are to "e investigated'
To provide operational definitions of the ideas or concepts involved in the
research'
1 Ensring that their research qestion is empirically testa"le'
#$estion No% 1) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hat shold the "siness researcher "e aware of when signing a confidentiality
agreement&
,ny clase which limits the length of a qestionnaire'
,ny clase which allows the company to comment on findings that will "e
p"lished'
,ny clase which increases the level of access for the researcher'
,ny clase which garantees the anonymity of research participants'
#$estion No% 16 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
3n a stdy of concept learning in first.graders, all of the following shold happen,
e.cept/
To help ma/e the e(perience en2oya"le, children shold "e given s"stantial
incentives to participate'
The children shold "e as/ed if they want to participate'
Teachers of the children in their classes shold give informed consent'
Parents mst give consent'
#$estion No% 1* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is least li/ely to occr as an ethical pro"lem with electronic
research&
Privacy cold "e invaded'
People are not li/ely to "e a"le to stop once they have "egn participating'
!e"riefing cold "e avoided'
3nformed consent cannot "e completely monitored'
#$estion No% 1+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
Aantitative research has "een criticised "ecase8
The reliance on instrments and procedres ma/es it high in ecological
validity'
The measrement process sggests a sprios and artificial sense of
accracy'
3t nderestimates the similarities "etween o"2ects in the natral and social
worlds'
3t has no validity'
#$estion No% 1, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is a characteristic of a standardi0ed test&
The administration of the test is controlled careflly to ensre that all
e(aminees e(perience the same conditions'
The test is developed "y e(perts to ensre it is technically sond'
The scores are interpreted in standard ways'
,ll of the given options
#$estion No% 20 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
%r' 6atif is measring stdents4 attitdes on a controversial topic' #hich of the
following wold yo recommend he se to control for the potential pro"lem of
stdents feeling the need to respond with socially accepta"le responses&
Ensre constrct validity
,llow anonymos responses
Ensre relia"ility
Ensre confidentiality
#$estion No% 21 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following scales can measre the Temperatre&
Nominal scale
7rdinal scale
3nterval scale
,ll of the given options
#$estion No% 22 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
5ollowing are the properties of nominal scale, e.cept/
6east powerfl
$ggest no order
Provide categorical information
Provide magnitde of o"2ect
#$estion No% 23 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is N7T the implication of 7rdinal scale&
Characteristics of nominal scale
Ran/ the o"2ect
!oes not provide magnitde of o"2ect
Provide rate
#$estion No% 2! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following statements is correct a"ot validity and relia"ility&
#hen internal validity is high, e(ternal validity is low
#hen internal validity is high, there is no change in e(ternal validity
#hen internal validity is high, e(ternal validity is also high
,ll of the given options
#$estion No% 2) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hen yo are confident that the e(perimental maniplation prodced the
changes yo measred in the dependent varia"le, yor stdy pro"a"ly has good
:::::::: validity'
3nternal
E(ternal
Casal
Constrct
#$estion No% 26 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
%r' ,li has condcted an e(tensive review of the literatre and has dedctively
reasoned a hypothesis a"ot his pro"lem on the "asis of this review' #hich type
of a research plan is %r' ,li li/ely proposing&
1 Aalitative
Ethical
*oth qantitative and qalitative
Aantitative
#$estion No% 2* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is a legitimate prpose of a research plan&
3t forces yo to thin/ throgh every aspect of a stdy'
3t provides detailed procedres to gide the condct of the stdy'
3t provides clear roadmap of the stdy'
#riting a plan facilitates the evalation of it'
#$estion No% 2+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
3n the statement M$mo/e "adly destroys health of people- what is the nit of
analysis&
Transportation
3ndividals
Polltants
!rgs
#$estion No% 2, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hile stdying spervisor.s"ordinate relationship in an organi0ation, what is the
nit of analysis&
3ndividal
!yad
Employer.employee
7rgani0ation
#$estion No% 30 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following types of srvey research is often sed for program
evalation or accreditation prposes&
!evelopmental srveys
5ollowp stdies
P"lic opinion polls
No srvey research is appropriate
#$estion No% 31 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is N7T an e(ample of a pro"lem with sing srvey
research to investigate "ehavior&
Respondents tend to answer "y giving the most socially desira"le answer'
Respondents may inadvertently omit /ey terms in the qestion'
Respondents may not give an honest reply to what they see as a threatening
qestion'
Respondents may "e nwilling to reveal information as they "elieve they are
li/ely to "e identified'
#$estion No% 32 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hat shold the researcher do if they have achieved a low response rate&
Copy responses and paste them again'
,"andon the research pro2ect entirely'
Recogni0e and accept the possi"le limitations of a low response rate'
5ill in some more qestionnaires themselves'
#$estion No% 33 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following statements is correct a"ot qestionnaire&
, qestionnaire shold rn to at least twenty pages'
The qestions shold have no spaces "etween them so that the whole
qestionnaire loo/s small'
7nly qestionnaires that are ,C si0e achieve high response rates'
Clear presentation is more important than overall si0e'
#$estion No% 3! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
Critical decision area in qestionnaire constrction is which of the following&
Aestion content
Aestion wording
Response strategy
,ll of the given options
#$estion No% 3) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
The most critical area of an article to read is;
3ntrodction
,"stract
Reslts section
6imitations
#$estion No% 36 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is9are advantage<s= of the self.completed qestionnaire&
3na"ility to confirm who completed the qestionnaire
3ts nsita"ility for some /inds of respondents
3na"ility to as/ many qestions that are not directly relevant to the respondent
Easy to 2stify the answer
#$estion No% 3* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
Time consmed in mall intercept interview is representing which of the following
type&
)igh
%oderate
6ow
Nill
#$estion No% 3+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following similarity is fond in Aalitative research and $rvey
research&
E(amine topics primarily from the participants4 perspectives'
They are gided "y predetermined varia"les to stdy'
They are descriptive research methods'
)ave large sample si0es'
#$estion No% 3, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following represent a good qalitative pro"lem statement&
!efines the independent and dependent varia"les'
conveys a sense of emerging design'
$pecifies a research hypothesis to "e tested'
$pecifies the relationship "etween varia"les that the researcher e(pects to
find'
#$estion No% !0 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following ma/es research qestions very crcial&
+ide yor decisions a"ot what data to collect and from where'
)elp yo decide which research area interests yo'
Ensre that yor findings have e(ternal validity'
Prevent yo from thin/ing a"ot research strategies'
#$estion No% !1 Mar&s% 10 "
)ow wold yo e(plain @Research Proposal@ and its different sections&
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
-a(( 200,
STA630- Research Methods Session - !"
Ti2e% 60 2in
Mar&s% )0
#$estion No% 1 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
1nder which of the following, research method is not applica"le&
*siness
+overnment offices
1 I2aginar4 :or(ds
)ealth care
#$estion No% 2 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,n indctive logic is one that8
3nvolves testing as e(plicitly defined hypothesis'
1Does not a((o: 8or 8indings to 8eed 9ac& into the 9od4 o8 &no:(edge7
1ses qantitative methods whenever possi"le'
,llows theory to emerge ot of the data'
#$estion No% 3 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,ction research sally ta/es place in a single school "ecase;
1It is designed to ans:er <$estions a9o$t i2pro3ing practice in a
partic$(ar setting7
3t is difficlt to secre permission to stdy stdents in mltiple schools'
Teachers do not have the necessary s/ills to condct research across
mltiple settings'
!ata collection methods sed in action research are designed for single
settings'
#$estion No% ! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following terms is N7T characteristic of action research&
Colla"oration
Control
Change
0o22it2ent
#$estion No% ) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following statements is TR1E for qalitative research qestion&
3t as/s a qestion a"ot some process, or phenomenon to "e e(plored'
1It is genera((4 an open-ended <$estion7
3t as/s a qestion which may "e open ended'
3t as/s a closed ended qestion'
#$estion No% 6 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,ll of the following are tre a"ot theories, e.cept%
They organi0e and smmari0e e(isting /nowledge a"ot a topic'
1The4 are tentati3e $nti( the 8acts pro3e the2 tr$e7
They provide possi"le e(planations for the phenomenon nder stdy'
They lead to testa"le hypotheses throgh the process of dedction'
#$estion No% * Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following refers to@, condition or characteristic that can ta/e on
different vales or categories@&
, constantta"le
, varia"le
, case and effect relationship
1A descripti3e re(ationship
#$estion No% + Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is the opposite of a varia"le&
1A constant
,n e(traneos varia"le
, dependent varia"le
, data set
#$estion No% , Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
F!ownsi0ing in an organi0ation in ftre is associated with the level of 2o" secrity
of the present employee in an organi0ationG is an e(ample of which of the
following&
Correlational hypothesis
!escriptive hypothesis
1E.p(anator4 h4pothesis
Non !escriptive hypothesis
#$estion No% 10 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hy do yo need to review the e(isting literatre&
1 To gi3e 4o$r dissertation a proper acade2ic appearance5 :ith (ots o8
re8erences7
*ecase withot it, yo cold never reach the reqired word.cont'
To find ot what is already /nown a"ot yor area of interest'
To help in yor general stdy'
#$estion No% 11 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following fnctions is performed "y theoretical framewor/&
Ela"orates the relationship among the varia"les'
E(plains the logic nderlying these relationships'
!escri"es the natre, and direction of the relationships'
1 A(( o8 the gi3en options7
#$estion No% 12 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hy is the statementG #hat are the effects of e(tracrriclar activities on learning
development of school age childrenG not a good statement of a qantitative
research qestion&
*ecase the stdy wold "e too difficlt to do given all the different
e(tracrriclar activities'
*ecase the statement was not specific enogh to provide an nderstanding of
the varia"les "eing investigated'
1 @eca$se there are not eno$gh schoo( age chi(dren engaged in
e.trac$rric$(ar acti3ities to cond$ct the st$d47
*ecase there is no connection "etween e(tracrriclar activities and learning
development'
#$estion No% 13 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hen the research starts from the effects and tracing the reasons "ac/ in time,
what does it called&
1 0ase st$d4
E(periment
7"servation stdies
)istorical C>omparative research
#$estion No% 1! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following qestions might invade the privacy of a research
participant&
)ow long have yo wor/ed for this organisation&
1 Ahat is 4o$r ho2e addressB
#hat do yo thin/ a"ot yor direct line manager&
#hat happened dring yor last performance appraisal&
#$estion No% 1) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following statements wold yo "e least likely to find in an informed
consent form&
Nor data will "e coded in a way that will protect yor identity'
This stdy has "een approved "y the niversity-s 3nstittional Review *oard'
The fll prpose of the stdy will "e e(plained to yo at the end of the session
and the complete reslts of the stdy will "e availa"le to yo when the stdy is
over'
1 There is no pena(t4 8or not starting the st$d45 9$t once 4o$ 9egin5 4o$ are
o9(igated to co2p(ete the session7
#$estion No% 16 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,ll of the following are part of the ethics code for animal research, e.cept/
The researcher mst "e an e(pert a"ot the species "eing stdied'
Procedres sing reinforcement are preferred over those sing pnishment'
,nimal stdies that are prely edcational in prpose cannot "e done'
1 I8 the ani2a( 2$st 9e &i((ed at the end o8 the st$d45 a pain(ess proced$re
2$st 9e $sed7
#$estion No% 1* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is not an e(ample of deception&
1 A part o8 the tr$th is not co22$nicated to the respondent7
To o"serve code of ethics'
To lea/ ot information regarding any confidential matter'
To create "ias "etween respondents "efore the srvey'
#$estion No% 1+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following terms represents the most general, "road concept&
Test
1 Assess2ent
%easrement
3nstrment
#$estion No% 1, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following types of scales is li/ely measring stdents- deeply held
"eliefs a"ot ideas, people, or o"2ects&
The $tdy of ;ales
1 The Attit$des to:ard Schoo( Sca(e
The $trong Camp"ell 3nterest 3nventory
The %innesota %ltiphasic Personality 3nventory
#$estion No% 20 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following *E$T descri"es an assessment that e(amines stdents-
a"ility to condct a chemistry e(periment in the la"&
Performance assessment
3nterest inventory
Aptit$de
$tandardi0ed test
#$estion No% 21 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following fnctions is performed "y the Nominal scale&
0ategori;e
!istance
7rder
1niqe origin
#$estion No% 22 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following fnctions is performed "y the Ratio scale&
Categori0e
!istance
7rder
1 6ni<$e origin
#$estion No% 23 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is the implication of the ordinal scale&
Characteristics of nominal scale
Ran/ the o"2ect
!oes not provide magnitde of o"2ect
1 A(( o8 the gi3en options
#$estion No% 2! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich one of the following is not a type of scales sed in measrement of
concepts&
Normal $cale
7rdinal $cale
3nterval scale
1 Ratio Sca(e
#$estion No% 2) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following scales can measre the Temperatre&
Nominal scale
7rdinal scale
3nterval scale
1 A(( o8 the gi3en options
#$estion No% 26 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following effect in internal validity occrs when test nits with
e(treme scores move closer to the average score dring the corse of the
e(periment'
$tatistical regression
1 Se(ection @ias
%atration
3nstrmentation
#$estion No% 2* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hen yo are confident that the e(perimental maniplation prodced the changes
yo measred in the dependent varia"le, yor stdy pro"a"ly has good ::::::::
validity'
3nternal
E.terna(
Casal
Constrct
#$estion No% 2+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following can "e achieved "y a longitdinal research design&
%apping of change in an organi0ation'
The change in employment relations over a nm"er of years'
The e(periences of employees who "egin wor/ on the same day'
1 Mapping o8 change5 change in e2p(o42ent re(ations and e.periences o8
e2p(o4ees7
#$estion No% 2, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
Research may differ along a series of dimensions' #hich of the following may "e
applied to this statement&
The type of data collected'
The data.collection techniqe'
The level of maniplation sed to elicit data collection'
1 A(( o8 the gi3en options7
#$estion No% 30 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following statement refers to cross.sectional design&
1 A co2parison o8 t:o or 2ore 3aria9(es o3er a (ong period o8 ti2e
The collection of data from more than one case at one moment in time
7ne that is devised when the researcher is in a "ad mood
, stdy of one particlar section of society, e'g' the middle classes
#$estion No% 31 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is TR1E for research plan&
3t shold "e detailed'
3t shold "e given to others for review and comments'
3t sets ot the rationale for a research stdy'
1 A(( o8 the gi3en options
#$estion No% 32 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
The stdies in which researchers do not interfere with natral environment are8
6a" e(periments
E( Post 5acto
Contrived
1 -ie(d
#$estion No% 33 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following types of srvey research is often sed for program
evalation or accreditation prposes&
!evelopmental srveys
5ollowp stdies
1 '$9(ic opinion po((s
No srvey research is appropriate
#$estion No% 3! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is not an advantage of the self.completion qestionnaire
over the strctred interview&
3t is cheaper to administer'
3t is qic/er to administer'
3t is easier to prompt the interviewee'
1 It is easier to re2o3e inter3ie:er e88ects7
#$estion No% 3) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is most "eneficial to read in an article&
Methods
3ntrodction
5igres
References
#$estion No% 36 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following srveys are more impersonal than face.to.face interviews&
%ail
Recorded 3nterview
5ocs grop
Te(ephonic
#$estion No% 3* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following represent a good qalitative pro"lem statement&
!efines the independent and dependent varia"les'
1 0on3e4s a sense o8 e2erging design7
$pecifies a research hypothesis to "e tested'
$pecifies the relationship "etween varia"les that the researcher e(pects to find'
#$estion No% 3+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is to convince reviewers that the researcher is capa"le of
sccessflly condcting the proposed research pro2ect&
6iteratre review
Research qestion
1 Research proposa(
Research pro2ect
#$estion No% 3, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is representing the responsi"ility of a respondent to provide
tre information&
Right
7"ligation
1 Right as :e(( as o9(igation
Neither right nor o"ligation
#$estion No% !0 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following refers to research spported "y measra"le evidence&
7pinion
$peclation
E2piricis2
Rationalism
#$estion No% !1 Mar&s% 10 "
*eing a researcher what techniqes yo wold se to narrow down a "roader
pro"lem into an investiga"le research qestion&
Ans:er%
Ahich Techni<$e 2$st $se 94 researcher%
3n my point of view researcher shold se the Aantitative Research'
#$antitati3e Research
This research is sed mostly even in social sciences, political science and in
anthropology' Aantitative researchers >
st
se dedctive rote' They start with
a"stract idea, follow with measrement procedre and the end with that data that
finali0e the ideas'
There are two type of date prodced "y Aantitative Research8
,= SO-T DATA8
3mpressions, #ords, Photo, $ym"ols show interpretive approach' The main
aim of this is to develop an nderstanding of social life and come to /now how
people constrct meanings in natral life'
@" CORD DATA%
3t is positive approach to search in Researchers speech varia"les hard langage
and hypotheses' The researcher shold try to esta"lish casality'
Researcher to "e well organi0ed and prepared' 3t also means that the steps of
pro2ect are not entirely predetermined "t serve as an appro(imate gide or road
map' )ere is 2st the listing of these steps8
, proposal also very important for qantitative research has most of the parts of a
research report, a title, a"stract, a literatre review, a method or design section,
pro"lem statement' 3t lac/s reslts, discssion, and conclsions section' The
proposal has a plan for the data collection and after that analysis the data' 3t
mostly inclde a schedle of the steps to "e nderta/en and an estimate of the
time reqired for each step'

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
-a(( 200,
STA630- Research Methods Session D )"
Ti2e% 60 2in
Mar&s% )0
#$estion No% 1 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#ho, among the following, is the writer of *siness Research %ethods&
Neman, #'C'
Bi/mnd, #'
1 Se&aran5 67
!essler, +'

#$estion No% 2 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the DLomparati is not the o"2ective of a research for a stdent of
research methods corse&
Condcting research "y following certain steps
Preparing methodologies
,"ility to convert pro"lem into researcha"le qestion
1 Ariting a 9oo&

#$estion No% 3 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,n indctive logic is one that8
3nvolves testing as e(plicitly defined hypothesis'
1 !oes not allow for findings to feed "ac/ into the "ody of /nowledge'
1ses qantitative methods whenever possi"le'
A((o:s theor4 to e2erge o$t o8 the data7
The sal application of indctive theory, however, is to allow theory to emerge
from or findings' #e find an interesting qestion, we gather data on it and we
Mtheorise- from or findings' 3t may "e that these Mtheories- are, in reality, simply
Minteresting insights- rather than Mgrand theories- "t they can "e vala"le for all
that' The methods sed are Fneither here nor thereG althogh it may "e more
li/ely for dedctive theory to se qantitative methods and for indctive
approaches to se qalitative methods'

#$estion No% ! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,ction research sally ta/es place in a single school "ecase;
1 It is designed to ans:er <$estions a9o$t i2pro3ing practice in a
partic$(ar setting7
3t is difficlt to secre permission to stdy stdents in mltiple schools'
Teachers do not have the necessary s/ills to condct research across
mltiple settings'
!ata collection methods sed in action research are designed for single
settings'

#$estion No% ) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
MThere is no relationship "etween higher motivation level and higher efficiency-
is an e(ample of which type of hypothesis&
,lternative
Correlational
1 N$((
Research

#$estion No% 6 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is the meaning of the term FTo read criticallyG&
$/imming throgh the material "ecase most of it is 2st padding'
E3a($ating :hat 4o$ read in ter2s o8 4o$r o:n research <$estions7
*eing willing to critici0e what yo read'
1 Ta/ing an opposing point of view to the ideas and opinions e(pressed'
!eveloping a critical approach to yor reading is not necessarily one of simply
critici0ing the wor/ of othersG <*ryman and *ell, p'KI=' Not all of what yo read
will "e relevant to yor tas/, so yo mst have a clear focs on yor research
qestions as yo read' Ta/ing notes of yor reactions is advised, in addition to
content'

#$estion No% * Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich type of review compares how different theories address an isse&

Conte(t review
3ntegrated review
%ethodological review
1 Theoretica( re3ie: page E 2*

#$estion No% + Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich one of the following tas/s is NOT accomplished "y theoretical
framewor/&
Ela"orate the relationship among the varia"les
E(plain the logic nderlying the relationship "etween the varia"les'
!escri"e the natre, and direction of the relationships among the
varia"les'
1 Re(ates the pre3io$s st$dies7

#$estion No% , Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
!edctive research is sefl in which of the following cases&
The researcher ses an e(isting theory to develop a hypothesis'
The researcher s"2ects a hypothesis to empirical scrtiny'
The researcher has to transform concepts within a hypothesis into
researcha"le entities'
1 6se o8 e.isting theor45 e2pirica( scr$tin45 trans8or2ation o8
concerpt7

-or 2ore contents 3isit
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s
#$estion No% 10 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hen the research starts from the effects and tracing the reasons "ac/ in time,
what does it called&
Case stdy
E(periment
7"servation stdies
1 Cistorica( !2o2parati3e research
)istorical review traces the development of an isse over time' 3t traces the
development of an idea or shows how a particlar isse or theory has evolved
over time' Researchers condct historical review only on the most important
ideas in a field'
#$estion No% 11 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hen em"ar/ing pon a research pro2ect, which of the following isses shold
"e considered&
That the data from the stdy will "e treated anonymosly and
confidentially'
1 0oherent research <$estion5 pi(ot :or& and con8identia((47
Pilot wor/ shold "e carried ot to assess the practical isses and
feasi"ility of the research'
That the research shold "e "ased pon a coherent research qestion'

#$estion No% 12 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is NOT an nethical isse&
See& appro3a( 8or research
%isrepresenting reslts
,voiding legal lia"ility
3nvoicing irreglarities

#$estion No% 13 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
3n a stdy of concept learning in first.graders, all of the following shold
happen, e.cept/
To help ma/e the e(perience en2oya"le, children shold "e given
s"stantial incentives to participate'
1 The chi(dren sho$(d 9e as&ed i8 the4 :ant to participate7
Teachers of the children in their classes shold give informed consent'
Parents mst give consent'

#$estion No% 1! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,ll of the following are nethical isses, EXCEPT;
3nvoicing irreglarities
,voiding legal lia"ility
%isrepresenting reslts
1 See&ing per2ission 8or entr4

#$estion No% 1) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is the difference "etween measres and indicators&
Meas$res are $na29ig$o$s <$antities5 :hereas indicators are
de3ised 8ro2 co22on sense $nderstandings7
3ndicators have a more direct relationship to the nderlying concept than
measres'
%easres are intitively devised and then applied as if they were direct
indicators of a concept'
3ndicators are nam"igos qantities, whereas measres are s"2ective
and vale.laden'
%easres inclde things li/e demographics <of age, income and so on=, which
can "e conted' 3n fact, sally we thin/ of measres as raw nm"ers' 7ften
thogh, what we want to research does not lend itself immediately to
straightforward calclation on nm"ers of things and how they vary "t on
slightly vager concepts' 6i/e 2o" satisfaction, for e(ample' 3n this case we need
a nm"er of attitde statements, which, ta/en together, can "e arged to
represent the concept' These separate statements are indicators and often
represent or Mcommon sense- nderstanding of a concept' 6ater, these can "e
coded to trn them into nm"ers for statistical analysis'

#$estion No% 16 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
Norm.referenced test scores are interpreted relative to;
1 , standard or desired level of performance that descri"es what the
stdent /nows'
Scores o8 others :ho ha3e ta&en the test7
$pecific s/ills mastered "y the stdent'
The percentage of items answered correctly'

#$estion No% 1* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following *E$T descri"es an assessment that e(amines stdents-
a"ility to condct a chemistry e(periment in the la"&
1 'er8or2ance assess2ent
3nterest inventory
,ptitde
$tandardi0ed test

#$estion No% 1+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is the implication of the ordinal scale&

Characteristics of nominal scale
Ran/ the o"2ect
!oes not provide magnitde of o"2ect
A(( o8 the gi3en options

#$estion No% 1, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
7rdinal levels of measrement assme which of the following&
%tal e(clsivity to all cases'
E(hastiveness is applied to all cases'
Categories are ran/.ordered and share some nderlying qality'
1 A(( o8 the gi3en options


#$estion No% 20 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one


#$estion No% 21 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
3f a measre is consistent over mltiple occasions, it has8
3nter.rater relia"ility
Constrct validity
3nternal validity
Test-retest re(ia9i(it4
Test-Retest Re(ia9i(it4
1sed to assess the consistency of a measre from one time to another'
Test-retest Re(ia9i(it4% Test-retest 2ethod o8 deter2ining re(ia9i(it4 in3o(3es
ad2inistering the
sa2e sca(e to the sa2e respondents at t:o separate ti2es to test 8or
sta9i(it47 I8 the 2eas$re is sta9(e
o3er ti2e5 the test5 ad2inistered $nder the sa2e conditions each ti2e5
sho$(d o9tain si2i(ar res$(ts7

#$estion No% 22 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
$rvey research is cross.sectional and therefore8
1 Cigh in rep(ica9i(it4 9$t (o: in interna( 3a(idit47
)igh in internal validity "t low in relia"ility'
)igh in ecological validity "t low in e(ternal validity'
6ow in relia"ility'
, srvey attempts to discover the range of responses to a set of varia"les' The
researcher can give a lot of details concerning procedres for selecting
respondents, handling of the research instrment <perhaps a qestionnaire= and
the analysis methodology' 3n this way, replica"ility can "e almost garanteed'
)owever, since the analysis can only pinpoint degrees of co.relation "etween
varia"les, casality remains in the realm of inference, meaning low <or no=
internal validity' Remem"er that internal validity depends on casality and
relia"ility on replica"ility'

#$estion No% 23 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
%r' ,li has condcted an e(tensive review of the literatre and has dedctively
reasoned a hypothesis a"ot his pro"lem on the "asis of this review' #hich type
of a research plan is %r' ,li li/ely proposing&

#$a(itati3e
Ethical
*oth qantitative and qalitative
Aantitative

#$estion No% 2! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
%r' ,li has descri"ed in great detail the ma2or steps he will follow in condcting
his stdy' This information is li/ely fond in which section of his research plan&


3ntrodction
Participants
1 Methodo(og4
!ata ,nalysis

#$estion No% 2) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is a legitimate prpose of a research plan&
3t forces yo to thin/ throgh every aspect of a stdy'
3t provides detailed procedres to gide the condct of the stdy'
It pro3ides c(ear road2ap o8 the st$d47
#riting a plan facilitates the evalation of it'

#$estion No% 26 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hile stdying spervisor.s"ordinate relationship in an organi0ation, what is
the nit of analysis&
3ndividal
D4ad
Employer.employee
7rgani0ation

#$estion No% 2* Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
, stdy design in which the researcher might create::::::: to esta"lish case.
and.effect relationship is called E(perimental !esign'
1 An arti8icia( setting5 contro( so2e 3aria9(es and 2anip$(ates the
independent 3aria9(e
, natral setting, control some varia"les and maniplates the dependent
varia"les
,n artificial setting, control some varia"les and maniplates the
dependent varia"le
,ll of the given options

#$estion No% 2+ Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is N7T a necessary component of srvey research&
1 Triang$(ation o8 data
6iteratre review
!ata analysis
;alidity

#$estion No% 2, Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following typically does N7T apply to o"servers in srvey research
stdies&
They o"serve predetermined activities'
They are participant o"servers'
The4 o9tain in8or2ation 94 :atching rather than as&ing7
They mst "e carefl not to inflence the activities they o"serve'
$rvey is a research techniqe in which information is gathered from a sample of
people sing a qestionnaire'<)and otes page no CI=

#$estion No% 30 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following /inds of srvey research gathers data throgh
qestionnaires administered once to the sample&
6ongitdinal, o"servation
Cross.sectional, o"servation
6ongitdinal, self.report
Cross.sectional, self.report
,nswer Reqired

#$estion No% 31 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hich of the following is N7T an e(ample of a pro"lem with sing srvey
research to investigate "ehavior&
Respondents tend to answer "y giving the most socially desira"le answer'
Respondents may inadvertently omit /ey terms in the qestion'
Respondents may not give an honest reply to what they see as a
threatening qestion'
Respondents 2a4 9e $n:i((ing to re3ea( in8or2ation as the4 9e(ie3e
the4 are (i&e(4 to 9e identi8ied7
,n advantage of social srvey research is that the researcher can ensre that
the anonymity of the respondent is maintained "y administering the same
qestions to each individal'

#$estion No% 32 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hat shold the researcher do if they have achieved a low response rate&


Copy responses and paste them again'
,"andon the research pro2ect entirely'
Recogni;e and accept the possi9(e (i2itations o8 a (o: response
rate7
5ill in some more qestionnaires themselves'

#$estion No% 33 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
#hen constrcting a qestionnaire, there are few principles to which yo shold
adhere' #hich of the following is N7T one of those principles&
,void sing @leading@ or @loaded@ qestions
,void do"le."arreled qestions
,void am"igity and confsion
1 A3oid arranging <$estions in a se<$ence

#$estion No% 3! Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
,fter yo locate a sorce, yo shold write down all details of the reference,
e(cept/
;olmes
5ll names of the athors
Titles
1 'rice
#$estion No% 3) Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
The most critical area of an article to read is;
3ntrodction
,"stract
1 Res$(ts section
6imitations

#$estion No% 36 Mar&s% 1 " - '(ease choose one
Time consmed in mall intercept interview is representing which of the following
type&

)igh
%oderate
Fo:
Nill

#$estion No% 3* Mar&s% 1 "
#$i; E2 STA 630

3f a nominal scale is sed, it is permissi"le to calclate which of the following
statistics&
Se(ect correct option%
%ean
Range
Percentile
Mode
The /ey o"2ective of data analysis is to8
Se(ect correct option%
Calclate statistics
6nderstand re(ationships 9et:een 3aria9(es
7"tain the distri"tion of responses for each qestion
Create ta"les which display the srvey reslts
#$estion E 3 o8 1)
*ias is defined as;
Se(ect correct option%
The distortion o8 responses 9ased on gender5 ethnicit45 race5 or (ang$age
, lac/ of validity
, lac/ of relia"ility
, poor interpretation of a stdent4s score
#$estion E ! o8 )
#hich of the following is a research method that allows a researcher to get
information
a"ot a large nm"er of s"2ects relatively ine(pensively and easily&
Se(ect correct option%
Natralistic o"servation
Case stdy
6a"oratory o"servation
S$r3e4
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2(
#$estion E ) o8 1)
#hat is the first step in the research process&
Se(ect correct option%
Preliminary data collection
'ro9(e2
de8inition Theoretical
framewor/
!efine "road pro"lem area
$tep 38 5ormlating a Research Pro"lem
5ormlating a research pro"lem is the first and most important step in the research process'
, research pro"lem identifies yor destination8 it shold tell yo, yor research spervisor and yor readers
what yo intend to research'

#$estion E 6 o8 1)
#hen yo are confident that the e(perimental maniplation prodced the changes
yo
measred in the dependent varia"le, yor stdy pro"a"ly has
good ::::::::::: validity'
Se(ect correct option%
Constrct 3nter
nal
E.terna(
Casal
#$estion E * o8 1)
#hat is a relationship "etween the literatre srvey and the theoretical
framewor/&
Se(ect correct option%
Provides a solid fondation for developing the latter
6iteratre srvey helps in the identification of the relevant varia"les
The theoretical framewor/ e(plains the theory nderlying these relations
A(( o8 the gi3en options
There is a relationship "etween the literatre srvey and the theoretical framewor/
where"y the former provides a solid fondation for developing the latter' 6iteratre
srvey helps in the identification of the relevant varia"les, as determined "y the previos
researches' This in addition to other logical connections that can "e conceptali0ed
forms the "asis for the theoretical model' The theoretical framewor/ ela"orates the
relationships among the varia"les, e(plains the theory nderlying these relations, and
descri"es the natre and direction of the relationships'
#$estion E + o8 1)
3n which way does a ratio scale measrement differ from an interval
measrement&
Se(ect correct option%
3t measres larger or smaller scores on some nderlying dimension'
It i2p(ies the e.istence o8 an a9so($te ;ero 3a($e7
3t reqires the mtal e(clsivity of all cases'
3t reqires that e(hastiveness is applied to all o"servations'
http%GG9oo&s7goog(e7co2G9oo&sB
idHEo2CMtTI;0g0JpgH'A)6J(pgH'A)6Jd<HItKi2p(iesKtheKe.istenceKo8KanKa9so($teK;eroK3a($eJ
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#6AE:AAE3HonepageJ<HItN20i2p(iesN20theN20e.istenceN20o8N20anN20a9so($teN20;ero
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#$estion E , o8 1)
,ll of these are characteristics of scientific methods of research e(cept, it is
Se(ect correct option%
Cmlative
!eterministic
6nethica( hando$ts pgE)"
Rationalism
=
#$estion E 10 o8 1)
The ela"oration of the varia"les in the theoretical framewor/ addresses which
type of
qestions&
Se(ect correct option%
#hy we e(pect certain relationships to e(ist
)ow we e(pect certain relationships to e(ist
@oth o8 the gi3en <$estions
None of the given qestions
#$estion E 11 o8 1)
#hich of the following is the least appropriate research
pro"lem&
Se(ect correct option%
!oes stdying 6atin improve the standardi0ed voca"lary test scores of
seventh grade stdents&
!oes drilling fifth grade stdents with mltiplication facts improve their
standardi0ed test
scores&
#hat is the relationship "etween stdents4 math attitdes and math
achievement&
Sho$(d st$dents ha3e access to contro3ersia( no3e(s in schoo(B
http%GGsha8i<$rreh2an17(i3eIo$rna(7co2G1+,07ht2(
#$estion E 12 o8 1)
, :::::::: scale only assigns nm"ers to o"2ects to classify the o"2ects
according to the
characteristic of interest'
Se(ect correct option%
Ratio No
2ina(
3nterval
!ichotomos
http%GG:::7georgiacenter7$ga7ed$GisG2rG<$i;Gchec&<$i;7pht2(
#$estion E 13 o8 1)
#hich of the following is N7T a characteristic of a good research
topic&
Se(ect correct option%
3t is ethical'
3t can "e investigated throgh the collection and analysis of data'
It 8oc$ses on a phi(osophica( or ethica(
iss$e7 It is theoretically or practically
significant'
http%GG:ps7prenha((7co2GchetLairasianLedresearchL+G05110+352)2)6)1-content5007$t8+7ht2(
#$estion E 1! o8 1)
#hich of the following shold not "e a consideration in writing a proposal&
Se(ect correct option%
1nderstanding the pro"lem
sitation The appearance9form of
the proposal
Responding to e3er4 e(e2ent e.act(4 as speci8ied 94 the c(ient
Onowing as mch as possi"le a"ot the proposal recipients
http%GG:::7georgiacenter7$ga7ed$GisG2rG<$i;Gchec&<$i;7pht2(
#$estion E 1) o8 1)
The e(tent to which we can generali0e the reslts of a stdy to other participants
is called
Se(ect correct option%
$ampling validity
E.terna( 3a(idit4
Constrct validity
3nternal validity
' E(ternal validity refers to8 the e(tent to which we can generali0e the reslts of a stdy to other
poplations and settings