Biol 101 Sample Questions

Topic 6: Biotechnology

I. Multiple-Choice Questions
1. Biotechnology is presently being used to do which of the following?

A) produce vaccines
B) correct defects in human germ cells
C) produce human gene products
D) only A and C correct
E) A, B, and C are correct

2. What is the function of restriction enzymes?

A) add new nucleotides to the growing strand of DNA

B) join nucleotides during replication
C) cut nucleic acids at specific sites
D) join nucleotides during transcription
E) repairs breaks in sugar-phosphate backbones

3. Identify the true statement(s):

A) DNA directs the synthesis of proteins, which in turn directs the synthesis of RNA.
B) Ribosomes, which are the site of DNA replication, are formed from two subunits, each composed of
rRNA and protein.
C) The ribosome’s role in protein synthesis is to bring the tRNA molecule and mRNA molecule
together.
D) B and C
E) none of the above

4. If you discovered a bacterial cell that had no restriction enzyme, which of the following would you
expect to happen?

A) the cell would be unable to replicate its DNA

B) the cell would create incomplete plasmids
C) the cell would be easily infected and lysed by viruses
D) the cell would become a parasite
E) both A and D would occur

5. The anticodon for GCG is:

A) AUA
B) UAU
C) CCT
D) CGC
E) CGU
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II. Identify the following statements as TRUE or FALSE.
a) The polymerase chain reaction is important because it allows us to make ____________
many copies of a targeted segment of DNA.

b) A bacterial cell that contained no restriction enzymes would be unable to ____________

replicate its DNA.

c) Human Genome Project was very successful in determining the functions of ____________
over 80% of the genes located in 46 chromosomes.

d) A molecule that contains the DNA from two different organisms is called a ____________
recombinant DNA.

e) DNA ligase is the enzyme that cuts DNA, creating the sticky ends of ____________
restriction fragments.

f) DNA molecule is a double helix where the strands are held together by the ____________
monosaccharide deoxyribose.

g) During the process of transcription, in making RNA the nitrogenous base ____________
uracil in the RNA pairs with the nitrogenous base thymine of the DNA.

h) Stem cells are found in bone marrow. ____________

i) Translation can be defined as the making of protein using mRNA and tRNA. ____________

j) The specific bonding pattern between the nitrogenous bases of t wo DNA ____________
strands is called complementary base pairing.

k) Adenine and guanine are two-ring structures called purines and thymine and ____________
cytosine are one-ring structures called pyrimidines.

l) A tRNA molecule is made up of two strands of repeating nucleotide units ____________

while mRNA's are single stranded.

m) If one segment of a DNA molecule has a code of ATACGGATC its ____________

complementary strand should have a code of TAAGCCTAG.

n) Stem cells are one of the common sources of therapeutic cloning. ____________

o) An organism containing a gene from another species is called a clone. ____________

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III. Short Answers:

1. On the diagram, label the 3 components of

DNA, and the hydrogen bonds between
the bases.

2. What are the 4 nitrogen bases in DNA and

what does each bind to?

3. If you had one DNA strand with the sequence AGGGCTACCTG. What would the complementary
strand sequence be?

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