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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Endangered Ecosystem
Concept Map
9.1 Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
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TRG Biology Form 4
Concept Map
Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Endangered Ecosystem
Pollution Landslides
Impact of
human activities
Importance of
proper
management
Greenhouse effect
and the thinning
of the ozone layer
Soil erosion
Deforestation
Flash floods Extinction
Water Noise Air Thermal
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that
Endanger an Ecosystem
Human Activities that
Endanger an Ecosystem
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Deforestation
Dumping of domestic
and industrial waste
Overuse of fertilisers
in intensive farming
Burning of fossil
fuels
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Rapid destruction of
forest trees
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Purpose :
Agriculture and
development
Soil erosion
Flash floods
Loss of water catchment areas
Loss of biodiversity
Landslides
Climate change
Carbon and nitrogen cycle
Global warming
Greenhouse effect
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Results in 75% of
carbon dioxide in the
atmosphere
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Increase in carbon dioxide
Greenhouse effect
Global warming
Climate change
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Due to increased
human population
and toxic substances
used
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Increased dumpsites (landfills)
Pollute nearby water source
Attracts pests
Emits foul smell
Disease causing if not properly
managed
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Use of inorganic
fertilisers containing
nitrates, phosphates
and potassium to
increase crop yields to
supply to human demand
Loss of space and resources for
biodiversity
Water pollution
Eutrophication
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Pollution
Noise
Water
Air
Thermal
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Increases temperature, climate change,
greenhouse effect, global warming
Carbon dioxide
Effects Pollutants
Impairs body functions, fatal in large quantity Carbon monoxide
Causes respiratory system problem, forms acid
rain, damages plants coating
Sulphur dioxide
Damages liver and retards mental development
and respiratory system
Lead
Causes irritation to ENT (Eyes, Nose and Throat)
and respiratory system
Oxides of nitrogen
Effects overall health of all organisms
Smoke, haze and
smog
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Formation of acid rain
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Combines with water vapour in the atmosphere to form
sulphuric acid and nitric acid
Fall back on Earth as acid rain
Acid rain < pH 5.0
Normal rain > pH 5.5
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Combustion of fossil fuels releases large quantities of
sulphur dioxide (SO
2
) and oxides of nitrogen (NO and NO
2
)
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Acidic soil
Leaching of minerals
Crop plants cultivation is reduced
Water pollution of aluminium ions affects aquatic ecosystem
Corrosion of metal railing, stones and bridges
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Contamination of drinking water with heavy metals in water
supply
Damages / kills plants and aquatic animals, disrupts the
ecosystem
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Scrubbers to trap emitting
pollutants from power stations
and industrial plants
Catalytic converters to clean
up emissions from vehicle
exhausts
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
API
0 - 50
51 - 100
101 - 200
201 - 300
> 300
Description
Good
Moderate
Unhealthy
Very unhealthy
Hazardous
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
To grade air quality
Calculate base on concentration of major air pollutants
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Artificial nutrient enrichment of an aquatic system (with
organic materials or inorganic nutrients) that causes an
excessive growth of aquatic plants
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Eutrophication
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Discharge from sewage treatment plants and leaking of untreated sewage
Leaching of inorganic fertilisers from agriculture (nitrates and phosphates)
Animal waste from farms and pastures
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Eutrophication
Excessive growth of algae decrease of aquatic plants
reduced oxygen in water
Increased organic material in water rapid growth of aerobic bacteria
reduced oxygen in water
Both severely deplete the oxygen level in the water
causes death of aquatic organisms
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Hot water from human activities
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Cooling towers of electrical power
stations, industry and buildings
Water temperature rises above normal,
between 5 - 10
o
C
Affect level of dissolved oxygen in water
Death of aquatic organisms
Affect aquatic ecosystem
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TRG Biology Form 4 Copyright (c) Amazing Tunas Enterprise and its licensors. All rights reserved.
Chapter
9.1
Human Activities that Endanger an Ecosystem
Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
From motor vehicles, construction sites, industrial machines, etc
Noise level at residential areas
55 decibels (dB)
Prolonged noise pollution >
80 decibels (dB) can cause
deafness
Poses health risks stress, high blood pressure, headaches,
coronary diseases, etc