HighProductionVolume(HPV)ChemicalChallengeProgram

HazardDataAvailabilityandAssessmentReport
for
LinearandBranchedAlkylbenzeneSulfonicAcidsandDerivatives
Preparedonbehalfof
TheLAS/ABSConsortium
December27,2002
1
RECEIVED
OPPT NCIC
2002 DEC30 PM3:42
201-14187A
TableofContents
1.0Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................3
2.0DataCollection,ReviewandSummary................................................................................................................5
2.1PublicandIn-HouseRecords...........................................................................................................................7
2.2Structure-ActivityRelationships......................................................................................................................7
3.0DataReliability..................................................................................................................................................7
4.0ChemicalStructureandComposition...................................................................................................................8
4.2SupportingChemicals...................................................................................................................................13
4.3TheLAS/ABSChemicalsasaCategory.........................................................................................................14
5.0SummaryofEndpoints.....................................................................................................................................15
6.0HazardCharacterization....................................................................................................................................22
7.0Data-GapAnalysis...........................................................................................................................................22
8.0.References......................................................................................................................................................22
8.1ReferencesCitedintheText..........................................................................................................................22
8.2ReferencesfortheRobustStudySummaries...................................................................................................22
9.0Appendices......................................................................................................................................................25
Appendix9-1 - Physico-ChemicalDataforLAS/ABS..........................................................................................26
Appendix9-2- EnvironmentalFateDataandPathwaysforLAS/ABS....................................................................27
Appendix9-3- EcotoxicityDataforLAS/ABS....................................................................................................30
Appendix9-4- HealthDataforLAS/ABS............................................................................................................34
2
1.0Introduction
Thishazarddataavailabilityandassessmentisforagroupoflinearandbranchedalkylbenzene
sulfonates(LAS/ABS)classifiedashighproductionvolume(HPV)chemicalsaccordingtocriteria
establishedbytheUnitedStatesEnvironmentalProtectionAgencys(U.S.EPA)HPVChemical
ChallengeProgram,i.e.,>1,000,000poundsmanufacturedinorimportedintotheU.S.annually.Six
chemicals,eachdescribedbyaChemicalAbstractServiceRegistrationNumber(CASRN),are
indicatedinTable1-1aschemicalsAtoFandareproduced/importedintotheU.S.atabout
35,000,000pounds(U.S.EPA1990InventoryUpdateRule)onanannualbasis.LAS/ABSchemicals
areanionicsurfactantsusedtolowerthesurfacetensionofwater. Thesechemicalsareusedin
cleaningproductsforhome,institutionalandindustrialuse,e.g.carwashliquids,laundrydetergents,
liquiddishdetergents,hardsurfacecleaners,drycleaningproducts,waterlesshandcleaners,and
industrialcleaners.Theyarealsousedinemulsionpolymerisation(e.g.,someagricultureproducts),
asdyedispersantsinthetextileindustry,inpaintstrippers,insomespecializedpersonalcare
products, andfor'bubblemaking'solutionsinchildren'sproducts.Commercialproductsusually
contain60-90%LAS/ABSandconsumerproducts5-30%LAS/ABS.
Table1-1 SponsoredChemicals
CASRN ChemicalName
26264-05-1 A Benzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,compd.with2-propanamine(1:1)
27323-41-7 B Benzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,compd.with2,2',2''-nitrilotris[ethanol](1:1)
26264-06-2 C Benzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,calciumsalt
68411-32-5 D Benzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,branched
68608-88-8 E Benzenesulfonicacid,mono-C11-13-branchedalkylderivs.
68953-96-8 F Benzenesulfonicacid,mono-C11-13-branchedalkylderivs.,calciumsalts
Thesesixchemicals(identifiedasHPVchemicalsin1990IURreporting)arebeingsponsoredbythe
SoapandDetergentAssociation(SDA)-managedLAS/ABSConsortium. Becauseofnomenclature
modificationsadoptedtoprovidemoredescriptivecharacterizationofthechemicalentities,twoofthe
sponsoredchemicalsarenowidentifiedbyadditionalchemicalnamesandCASregistrationnumbers.
Specifically.Itshouldbenotedthat:
- Thecommercialsubstancebenzenesulphonicacid,dodecyl-,compd.with2-
propanamine(sponsoredSubstanceA,CASRN26264-05-1)isalsoknownas
benzenesulfonicacid,C10-16-alkylderives.,compds.with2-propanamine,linear
(CASRN68584-24-7),andasbenzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,branched,compds.
with2-propanamine,branched(CASRN90218-35-2).
- Thecommercialsubstancebenzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,compd.with2,2,2-
nitrilotris[ethanol](1:1)(sponsoredSubstanceBCASRN27323-41-7)isalso
knownasbenzenesulfonicacid,C10-13-alkylderives.,compds.with
triethanolamine,linear(CASRN68411-31-4),andasbenzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl,
branched,compds.withtriethanolamine,branched(CASRN70528-84-6).
3
BoththeoldchemicalnamesandCASRNandthenewchemicalnamesandCASRNare
currentlyinuseanddescribethesamechemicalentitiesincommercebeforeandafterthe1990IUR
listing.
TheConsortiumiscommittedtoassembleandreviewavailablepublicandprivateOrganizationfor
EconomicCooperationandDevelopment(OECD)ScreeningInformationDataSet(SIDS)endpoint
dataandtodevelopanassessmentplanforthesponsoredchemicals.TheConsortiumiscomprisedof
SDAmembercompaniesandincludes:
AkzoNobelSurfaceChemistryLLC
BakerPetroliteCorporation
GoldschmidtChemicalCorporation
HarcrosChemicalsInc.
RhodiaInc.
StepanCompany
Thisassessmentfocusesonavailablepubliclyandprivatelyhelddataforthesixsponsoredchemical
entitiesthatshareclosestructuralandbehavioralsimilarities.SIDSendpointdatafortwoadditional
supportingchemicalsarealsocurrentlyincludedinthisassessment. However,thedataavailability
analysis(andcorrespondingdatagapanalysisandfinalassessmentplan)shouldnotbeconsidered
completeatthistimeasadditionalinformationthatcanbeutilizedtosupportthecategoryiscurrently
underpreparationbyotherHPVconsortia. Theseadditionaldatasourcesinclude:(1)theLinear
AlkylbenzeneSulfonate(LAS)CategorysponsoredbytheIndustryCoalitionfortheSIDS
AssessmentofLAS(inaccordancewiththeInternationalCouncilofChemicalAssociations(ICCA)
HighProductionVolumeChemicalInitiative),and(2)theLinearAlkylbenzene(LAB)SulfonicAcid
CategorysponsoredbytheLABSulfonicAcidCoalition(inaccordancewiththeU.S.HPVChallenge
Program).OncetheassessmentsfortheLASandLABSulfonicAcidcategoriesarecomplete,some
oftheirdatawillbeusedtofurthersupportthesixchemicalsinthisassessment. Thiswillbe
accomplishedbyrevisingthisassessmenttoincorporateadditionalread-acrossdataanddescriptions,
whereappropriate.
Theuseofread-acrossdatafromthetwosupportingchemicalsthatarecurrentlyincluded,aswell
asfromknown-to-bestructurallyandbehaviorallysimilarchemicalsintheLASandLABSulfonic
Acidcategories,areexpectedtoprovideforamuchmoreefficientevaluationoftheproposed
LAS/ABScategory.
1
TheLAS/ABSConsortiumbelievesthatthisadditionaldata,whenmade
available,willsignificantlyreducethenumberofsuggestedanimaltests(wheredataarenotavailable
andaknowledgegapisindicated).
2
TheLAS/ABSConsortiumiscommittedtocompletingthis
1
Thesupportingchemicalsinclude:benzenesulfonicacid,linearalkyl(42615-29-2),benzenesulfonicacid,linearalkyl,
magnesiumsalt(68584-26-9),benzenesulfonicacid,C10-13alkylderivs.,sodiumsalt(68411-30-3)andpossiblyothers
yettobeidentified.
2
Inadditiontosupportingchemicals,theLAS/ABSConsortiumintendstoincludeseveralsupportedchemicalsinits
finalassessment. Thesesupportedchemicalsareclosestructurally-relatedHPVchemicals(notidentifedinthe1990IUR)
thatareexpectedtofitintotheLAS/ABScategorybutforwhichnoadditionalSIDSendpointdataexist.Theseinclude
benzenesulfonicacid,(tetrapropenyl)-compd.with2-propanamine(1:1)(CASRN157966-96-6),benzenesulfonicacid,
mono-C10-16alkylderivs.,ammoniumsalts(CASRN68910-31-6),andbenzenesulfonicacid,mono-C11-13-branched
alkylderivs.,sodiumsalts(CASRN68608-89-9). Inclusionofthesechemicalsinthefinalassessmentwillbedependent
uponthedegreetowhichtheyfitthecategorydefinedbythesponsoredandsupportingHPVchemicals.
4
assessmentassoonastheassessmentfortheLABSulfonicAcidCategoryhasbeensubmittedtothe
U.S.EPAundertheChallengeProgramandtheassessmentfortheLASCategoryhasbeensubmitted
totheU.S.EPAforOECDreviewaspartoftheICCAHPVInitiative. Itisanticipatedthatthese
submissionswilloccurnotlaterthanJune2003atwhichtimethisassessmentforLAS/ABSwillbe
completedandsubmittedtoU.S.EPAbytheLAS/ABSConsortium.
2.0DataCollection,ReviewandSummary
Thefollowingstepswerefollowedinthepreparationoftheassessment.
1) acomprehensiveliteraturesearchandretrievalofSIDS-endpointdataforthesixchemicalsusing
complimentaryCIS(ChemicalInformationSystems)andEU(EuropeanUnion)datasources,
2) asearchandretrievalbytheConsortiummembercompaniesofpreviouslyunpublished (in-
house)SIDS-endpointdataforthesixchemicals,
3) areviewofallavailabledataanddeterminationofdataquality,
4) thecontractedpreparationofrobuststudysummariesforeachofthereviewedstudies,
5) thedevelopmentandjustificationofacategorytosupportread-acrossaspartoftheassessment.
Thisincludesthedataforthesixsponsoredchemicals,dataforchemicallyrelatedsubstances,and
resultsofstructure-activityrelationship(SAR)modelling,particularlyforphysical-chemical
properties.
6) constructionofaSIDSdatamatrixanddiscussionofdataadequacyand/orgaps.
EPAhasidentifiedapproximately2800HPVchemicalstobeevaluatedintheU.S.HPVChallenge
Program.AmongthosechemicalsidentifiedbyU.S.EPAarethelinearandbranchedalkylsulfonates.
Thesechemicalsareevaluatedinthisdocument.UndertheU.S.HPVChallengeProgram,theuseof
chemicalcategoriesisencouragedtoreduceanimaltestingandproduceeconomicsavings.Forthe
purposeoftheU.S.HPVChallengeProgram,achemicalcategoryisconsideredtobeagroupof
substanceswhosephysico-chemical,environmentalfateandtoxicologicalpropertiesareobserved
and/orpredictedtobesimilar,ortofollowapredictablepattern,asaresultofstructuralsimilarities.
Insteadofobtainingacompletedatasetforallmembersofacategory,datafromindividual
substancesmaybeusedtorepresentthewholecategory.Intotal,theavailabledata,modellingand
readacrossareintendedtoprovideahighquality,screeninglevelhazardcharacterizationforthe
sponsoredHPVchemicals.ThescreeninglevelinformationorpropertiesincludedintheU.S.HPV
ChallengeProgramarelistedinTable2-1. AdditionaldataforBeyondSIDSendpoints(e.g.,skinand
eyeirritation,fishbioconcentration,andterrestrialplantandearthwormtoxicity)havealsobeen
includedintheassessmentastheymaybenefittheoverallhazardcharacterization.
5
Table2-1HPV Endpoints from OECD Screening Information Data Set (SIDS)
Physico-chemical Properties
Melting Point (OECD 102)
Boiling Point (OECD 103)
Vapour Pressure (OECD 104)
Partition Coefficient (OECD 107, 117)
Water Solubility (OECD 105, 112)
Environmental Fate
Photodegradation (OECD 113, estimate)
Stability in Water -Abiotic Degradation Hydrolysis (OECD 111)
Transport between Environmental Compartments (Fugacity)
Ready Biodegradability (OECD 301, 302)
Acute Toxicity
Acute Oral Toxicity (OECD 401, 420, 423. 425) OR
Acute Dermal Toxicity (OECD 402) OR
Acute Inhalation Toxicity (OECD 403)
Repeated Dose/Reproduction
28-Day Repeated Dose (OECD 407, 410, 412) OR
90-Day Repeated Dose (OECD 408, 409, 411, 413) OR
Combined Repeated Dose with Repro/Develop Screening (OECD 422)
Teratology (OECD 414) OR
Two-Generation Reproduction Toxicity (OECD 416) OR
Reproduction/Developmental Toxicity Screening Test (OECD 421) OR
Combined Repeated Dose with Repro/Develop Screening (OECD 422)
Mutagenicity
In-vitro Bacterial and Non-Bacterial Gene Mutation Assay (OECD 471, 472, 480) OR
Gene mutation test with mouse lymphoma (OECD 476)
In-vitro Chromosome Aberration Test with Human Lymphocytes (OECD 473) OR
Sister Chromatid Exchange Assay (OECD 479)
In-vivo Mouse Bone Marrow Chromosome Aberration (OECD 475)
3
Ecotoxicity
Fish Static Acute Toxicity (OECD 203),
Daphnia Acute (48 Hr -Static) Immobilization Test (OECD 202)
Freshwater algae Growth Inhibition Test (OECD 201)
3
OtherteststoassesschromosomaleffectsorgenemutationsareacceptedbytheUS-EPA(OECD474,477-478and483-
486).
6
2.1PublicandIn-HouseRecords
TheliteraturesearchemploysastrategyutilizingdatabasesavailablefromtheU.S.Chemical
InformationSystemsandtheEuropeanInternationalUniformChemicalInformationDatabase
(IUCLID)andInstituteForSystems,InformaticsAndSafety(ISIS)ECDIN(Environmental
ChemicalsDataInformationNetwork)databases.Thesedatabasesinclude:
- Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS)
- Toxic Substances Control Act Test Submissions (TSCATS)
- Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)
- Chemical Carcinogenesis Research Information (CCRIS)
- GENETOX
- The Environmental Mutagen Information Center (EMIC)
- The Environmental Teratology Information Center (ETIC)
- The Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology Database (DART)
- The Catalog of Teratogenic Agents (CTA)
- ENVIROFATE, DATALOG, AQUIRE, PHYOTOX and TERRATOX
CASRNsprovidedbytheConsortiummemberswereusedtomatchrecordsavailableineach
database.Consortiummembersalsoprovidedpreviouslyunpublishedreportsand/orrelevantdatain
theirpossession.Allreportsidentifiedweresubjecttoareliabilitycheckfordeterminingadequacyin
developingtheHPV/SIDSdataprofile.
2.2Structure-ActivityRelationships
AsnotedinU.S.HPVChallengeProgramguidance,modelledstructure-activityrelationshipresults
canbeusedtosupplementavailabledata.TheEstimationsProgramsInterfaceforWindows
(EPIWIN)suiteofmodelsareavailableandapplied,aswarranted,tofilldatarequirements,
particularlyinthephysico-chemicalpropertiesofthesponsoredchemicals.Therequiredinputsare
theCASRNorchemicalstructureinSimplifiedMolecularInputLineEntrySystem(SMILES)
notation.Theestimatesfromthemodelareapplicabletomostorganicchemicals.
3.0DataReliability
InaccordancewithU.S.HPVChallengeProgramguidance(i.e.,DeterminingAdequacyofExisting
Data),datareliabilitywasestablishedfollowingtherulesdescribedbyKlimischetal.(1997).The
Klimischscoringsystemresultsarepresentedintherobuststudysummariesandinthedatamatrix.
Keyfeaturesforscoringinclude:testsubstanceidentification;GoodLaboratoryPractices(GLP)vs.
non-GLPstudies;detailsoftestmethodology;andtheimportanceoftheavailabilityofstatistical
analysesforestablishingthedifferencebetweentreatmentandcontrolgroups.Theuseofsound
scientificjudgementisacknowledgedasanimportantprincipleforassessingdataadequacyand
reliability.ThefollowingfourcategoriesofreliabilityareidentifiedintheKlimischscoringsystem.
Eachstudy/datapointincludedinthisassessmentisassignedoneofthesefourscores:
7
1 ReliablewithoutRestriction: IncludesstudiesordatacomplyingwithGLPprocedures,
and/orwithvalidand/orinternationallyacceptedtestingguidelines,orinwhichthekeytest
parametersaredocumentedandcomparabletotheseguidelines.
2 ReliablewithRestrictions:Includesstudiesordatainwhichkeytestparametersare
documentedbutvaryslightlyfromtestguidelines.
3 NotReliable:Includesstudiesordatainwhichthereareinterferences,orthatusenon-
relevantorganismsorexposureroutes,orwhichwerecarriedoutusingunacceptablemethods,
orwheredocumentationisinsufficient.
4 NotAssignable:Includesstudiesordatainwhichinsufficientdetailisreportedtoassigna
rating,e.g.,listedinabstractsorsecondaryliterature(e.g.referencebooks)butwhich
generallyareconsideredreliablesourcesofinformation.
4.0ChemicalStructureandComposition
Linear(designatedLAS)andnon-linearorbranched(designatedABS)alkylbenzenesulfonates
areanionicsurfactantswithmoleculescharacterizedbyahydrophobic(apolar)andahydrophilic
(polar)group.Asaclassofchemicals,theyaregenerallymixturesofcloselyrelatedisomersand
homologues.Eachmoleculecontainsanaromaticringsulfonatedattheparapositionandattachedto
eitheralinearorabranchedalkylchainatanypositionexcepttheterminalcarbons(Valtortaetal,
2000).ChainlengthsvarybutarepredominantlyintherangeofC10toC14.Mostcommercial
LAS/ABSproductsaremixturesbuttheycanbepreparedaspurehomologues(e.g.,apureC12).
TheLAS/ABSchemicalsarepreparedbysulfonationoflinearandnon-linearalkylbenzenes. Linear
structuresofalkylbenzene(sulfonicacidderivatives)arebasedonthereactionofanalphaolefin(i.e.,
R-CH=CH
2
)withbenzene,inthepresenceofsulphuricacid(SO
3
),withorwithoutacatalyst.
Sodiumhydroxide(NaOH)orsomeothersaltisusedtoneutralize.
Branchedalkylbenzenestructures(ABS),asdepictedinFigure4-1,canalsobepreparedbyseveral
methods. Theseincludethereactionofpropylene(CH
3
CH:CH
2
)oligomerswithbenzene,orCH
3
-
(CH)
11
-phenolring,inthepresenceofsulphuricacid(SO
3
),withorwithoutacatalyst. Sodium
hydroxide(NaOH)orsomeothersaltisusedtoneutralize.
O=S=O
|
O
-
Figure4-1. Exampleofstructuralformulaforbranchedalkyl(here:dodecylorC12)benzenesulfonates(counter-ion
notshown).
8
Usingornotusingacatalyst,aswellasusingdifferentcatalysts,willproducedifferentamountsof
the2-,3-,4-,5- and6-phenylisomers.The1-phenylisomerisnotformed.Figure4-2shows
illustrationsofgeneralstructuresof(inthiscasealinear)alkylbenzenesulfonate(LAS),withthe
phenylringattachedtothe2-,3-or4-positionofthealkylchain.Table4-1presentsthetypical
compositionoftheproductasafunctionofthecatalystusedduringsynthesis.
(a)
S O
-
O
O
(b)
S O O
-
O
(c)
S O O
-
O
Figure4-2.Generalstructuralformulafor(inthiscasealinear)alkylbenzenesulfonate(counter-ionnotshown)with
thephenylringattachedtothe(a)2-position,(b)3-positionand(c)4-positionofthealkyl(here:dodecylorC12)chain.
9
Table4-1TypicalcompositionofLAS/ABSstructuresasafunctionofcatalyst
Composition HFcatalysed AlCl
3
catalysed Fixedbed
1-phenyl 0 0 0
2-phenyl 18.5-22.5% 25-33% 25%
3-phenyl 18.5-25.5% 21-24% 21%
4-phenyl 14.5-30% 13-28% 20%
5-phenyl 0-24.5% 0-23% 18%
6-phenyl 0 0-16.5% 14%
4.1SponsoredChemicals
ThesixHPVchemicalssponsoredbytheConsortiumaredepictedbelow. ChemicalsA,B,Care
linear(LAS)alkylbenzenesulfonatesandchemicalsD,EandFarebranched(ABS)alkylbenzene
sulfonates. Itshouldbenotedthat,oftheseveralisomericstructuresthatanLAS/ABScompoundcan
have(seeFigure4.1),onlythe2-phenylisomerisdrawnintherepresentativestructuredrawings
shownbelow. Also,thecommercialLAS/ABSproductsaremixturesofvariousalkylchainlengths,
typicallyfromaboutC10toC14. Eventhecompoundsnameddodecyl(=C12)are,infact,a
mixtureofalkylchainlengths. Table4-2showsthetypicalchainlengthdistributionforthelinear
LAS/ABSsubstances. TheaveragechainlengthforthebranchedLAS/ABSsubstancesisC12.
Table4-2TypicalchainlengthdistributionoflinearLAS/ABS
Chain
length
<C10 C10 C11 C12 C13 C14
Amount
(%)
2 25 ~40 25 15 2
WhereC10+C1150%;andC10+C11+C12 85%
SubstanceA: linear
O
S
O
H
O
H N
H
CAS:26264-05-1,Benzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,compd.with2-propanamine(1:1)
ThealkylchaindrawnisC12;thecounter-ion(+charge)is2-propanamineina1:1moleculeratio.
10
SubstanceB: linear
S
O
OH
O
H
O
N
OH
OH
CAS27323-41-7,Benzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,compd.with2,2,2-nitrilotris(ethanol)(1:1)
ThealkylchaindrawnisC12;thecounter-ion(+charge)is2,2,2-nitrilotris(ethanol)ina1:1
moleculeratio.
Substance"C": linear
Ca
2+
O
-
S
O
O
-
O
S
O
O
CAS26264-06-2,Benzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,calciumsalt
ThealkylchaindrawnisC12;thecounter-ion(+charge)iscalciumina2:1moleculeratio.
11
SubstanceD: branched
HO S
O
O
CAS68411-32-5,Benzenesulfonicacid,dodecyl-,branched
ThealkylchaindrawnisC12;thereisnocounter-ion.
SubstanceE: branched
HO S
O
O
CAS68608-88-8,Benzenesulfonicacid,mono-C11-13-branchedalkylderivs.
ThealkylchaindrawnisC12;thereisnocounter-ion.
SubstanceF: branched
Ca
2+
O
O
O O
S
O O
S
CAS68953-96-8,Benzenesulfonicacid,mono-C11-13-branchedalkylderivs.,calciumsalts
ThealkylchaindrawnisC12;thecounter-ion(+charge)iscalciumina1:2moleculeratio.
12
4.2SupportingChemicals
Inadditiontothesixsponsoredchemicals,theConsortiumhasidentifiedseveralchemicalsthatare
verycloselyrelatedwithregardtotheirchemicalstructureandforwhichtherearedataforSIDS
endpointsthatcanbeusedtosupporttheLAS/ABScategory. Forpurposesofthisassessmentthese
chemicalsarenamedSubstance1,Substance2andSubstance3. Theirchemicalnames,CAS
registrationnumbersandrepresentativestructuresareshownbelow.
Substance1: linear
O
S
O
Na
+
O
-
CAS:68411-30-3,Benzenesulfonicacid,C10-13-alkylderivs.,sodiumsalt
ThealkylchaindrawnisC12;thecounter-ion(+charge)issodiumina1:1moleculeratio.
Substance2: linear
O
HO
S
O
CAS:42615-29-2,Benzenesulfonicacid,linearalkyl
ThealkylchaindrawnisC12;thereisnocounter-ion.
=

13
Substance3: linear
Mg
++
- -
O O
S
O
O
S
O
O
CAS:68584-26-9,Benzenesulfonicacid,C10-16-alkylderivs.,magnesiumsalts
ThealkylchaindrawnisC12; thecounter-ion(+charge)ismagnesiumina1:2moleculeratio.
4.3TheLAS/ABSChemicalsasaCategory
Chemicalcategoriescanbeconstructedonthebasisofsimilarand/orpatternedchemicalstructures
andcompositionsaswellasonsimilarand/orpredictablephysico-chemical,environmentalfateand
toxicologicalproperties. Asdescribedpreviously,thesixsponsoredchemicalsarederivedfrom
comparablechemicalreactions. TheresultingstructuresaregenerallymixturesofC10toC14linear
ormono-branchedalkylchainswithasinglebenzeneringsulfonatedattheparapositionattached(at
variouspoints)tothealkylchain. SubstancesAandBareammoniumsalts,SubstancesCand
Farecalciumsalts,andSubstancesDandEareacidforms.
Inwater,allproductsofacid-basereactionsatmoderatetolowconcentrationsareessentially
completelydissociatedintosolvatedions.Thesulfonicacidsandtheirsalts(includingSubstancesC-
F)shoulddissociatealmostcompletelyuptothecriticalmicelleconcentration. Atorabovethis
point,anyadditionalsurfactantexistsinmicelleformandthecounterionsaresomewhatassociated.
TheLAS/ABSsurfactantswillformmicelleswithanapolarcoreofalkyltailsandasurface
consistingofsulfonategroups,thusrenderingthesurfacenegativelycharged.Thecounterionswillbe
attractedbythisnegativelychargedlayer,therebyforminganowpositivelychargedlayeraroundthe
micelle(electronicdoublelayer).Hence,semi-dissociationisobservedfortheLAS/ABSsubstances
14
inaqueoussolutionabovethecriticalmicelleconcentration.Thefunctionalizedammoniumcations
encounteredinSubstancesAandBareexpectedtoremainintactinaqueoussolutions.
Thecaseforthesixsponsoredchemicalstobeconsideredacategoryonthebasisof
comparable/predictablephysico-chemical,environmentalfateandtoxicologicalpropertieswill
requiretheevaluationoftheavailabledataforthesechemicalsandforthesupportingchemicals.The
availabledataforthesponsoredchemicalsandfortwosupportingchemicalsispresentedinthe
followingpages.Thedatafortheadditionalsupportingchemicalsispendingtheavailabilityof
completedassessmentsfromtheIndustryCoalitionfortheSIDSAssessmentofLASandfromthe
LABSulfonicAcidCoalition. Someofthemembersofthosetwocoalitionsarealsomembersofthe
LAS/ABSConsortiumandthereforethedataandassessmentfortheLASCategorywillbecome
readilyavailableassoonasthetwocoalitionscompletetheirwork(anticipatedduringthefirsthalfof
2003).
5.0SummaryofEndpoints
Theavailabledataareindicatedforeachofthesixsponsoredchemicals(A-F)andfortwosupporting
chemicals(2and3). Thecorrespondingnumberoftherobuststudysummaryispresentedinthe
columnmarkedRef. Inaddition,thefarrightcolumnindicatesthoseendpointsforwhichread
acrossdataareknowntoexistaspartoftheassessmentsbeingpreparedbytheIndustryCoalitionfor
theSIDSAssessmentofLASandbytheLABSulfonicAcidCoalition. Asindicatedinthefootnotes,
thesereadacrossdataareexpectedtocomefromstructurallyrelatedchemicalsthatarepartofeither
anHPVsubmissionforalinearalkylbenzenesulfonatescategorythatisinprogressandforwhichthe
U.S.EPAisthecountrysponsoratOECD,oraU.S.HPVChallengesubmissionforlinear
alkylbenzenesulfonicacidscategory. Theseadditionaldatawillbeaddedtothisassessmentonce
theybecomeavailable.
15
5-1EvaluationPhysico-ChemicalEndpoints:
Table5.1
Substance A Ref B Ref C Ref D Ref E Ref F Ref
ReadAcross
Data
including
Substance1
(LAS)
1
Meltingpoint
Boilingpoint
Vapourpressure
Partitioncoefficient
(logKow)
Watersolubility
>149C 9.1.01
<3100Pa 9.1.01
dispersible 9.1.01 dispersible 9.1.02
117C 9.1.03
733Pa 9.1.03
dispersible 9.1.03





1
DataareintheAssessmentPlansandDossiersunderdevelopmentfortheLASCategoryandtheLABSulfonicAcidCategory.
16
5-2EvaluationEnvironmentalFateEndpoints:
Table5.2
Substance A Ref B Ref C Ref D Ref E Ref F Ref
2 Ref
ReadAcross
Dataincluding
Substance1
(LAS)
1
Photodegradation
Hydrolysis
Transportbetween
Environ.Comparts.
Biodegradation
Bioconcentration
2
71%in
28days
9.2.02 64-73%in
28days
9.2.03
BCF=
104
9.2.04


Mackay
Fugacity


1
DataareintheAssessmentPlansandDossiersunderdevelopmentfortheLASCategoryandtheLABSulfonicAcidCategory.
2
ABeyondSIDSendpoint.
17
5-3EvaluationEcotoxicityEndpoints:
Table5.3
Substance A Ref: B Ref: C Ref: D Ref: E Ref: F Ref.
2 Ref
ReadAcrossData
including
Substance1
(LAS)
1
Fish(96h-LC50)
20
mg/L
9.3.01 3.44.0
mg/L
9.3.26
Daphnia(48h-EC50)
2.2
mg/L
9.3.07
Algae72h-EbC50
72h-ErC50

TerrestrialPlant
(21-dayEC50)
2
167-316
mg/kg
9.3.27
Earthworm
(14-dayLC50)
2
>1000
mg/kg
9.3.28
1
DataareintheAssessmentPlansandDossiersunderdevelopmentfortheLASCategoryandtheLABSulfonicAcidCategory.
2
ABeyondSIDSEndpoint.
18
5-4EvaluationHealthEffectsEndpoints:
Table5.4
Substance A Ref: B Ref: C Ref: D Ref: E Ref: F Ref:
2 Ref 3 Ref
ReadAcross
Data
including
Substance1
(LAS)
1
Acuteoral
1836
mg/kg
1300
mg/kg
9.4.01
9.4.02
1653mg/kg
>1953mg/kg
9.4.03
9.4.04
1300
mg/kg
9.4.05 1080
mg/kg
9.4.06 0
mg/kg
9.4.07 650mg/kg 9.4.15

Acutedermal
>4199mg/kg 9.4.16

Acuteinhalation
Genotoxicity
(in-vivo)

Genotoxicity
(in-vitro)
Neg.
Neg.
9.4.38
9.4.39

RepeatDose
Toxicity
Rabbit90-day
dermalNOAEL
>5mg/kgbw
(onlydosetested)
9.4.40 Monkey
28-day
oral+
subcut.
NOAEL=
60mg/kg
bw
Mouse
6- mo.
drinking
water
NOAEL<
17mg/kg
(single
dose)
9.4.42
9.4.47

52
19
Substance A Ref: B Ref: C Ref: D Ref: E Ref: F Ref:
2 Ref 3 Ref
ReadAcross
Data
including
Substance1
(LAS)
1
Reproduction/
Developmental
Multi-generation
Teratology
Rat2-gen.dermal
NOAEL>1.5
mg/kgbw(only
dosetested)
RatdermalF0&
F1NOAEL>10
mg/kgbw(only
dosetested)
9.4.48
9.4.53
Mouse
embryo
incubate
NOAEL
0.025%
for1-hr
0.01% or
5-day
Ratdermal
NOAEL
F0=20.1
F1=82
mg/kgbw
oral
NOAEL
rat
F0=300
rabbit
F0>2<300
mouse
F0>2<300
mg/kgbw
Noterato-
tox.atany
dosefor
3species
dermal
NOAEL
rat
F0=60
rabbit
F0=9
mouse
F0=50
mg/kgbw
Noterato-
tox.atany
dosefor
3species
9.4.50
9.4.54
9.4.55
9.4.56
Rat2gen.
dietary
NOAEL
repro=
222;F2
growth
=50
mg/kgbw
Rabbit
oral
NOAEL
F0&F1=
60mg/kg
bw
Rabbit
dermal
NOAEL
F0&
F1=3%
(max.
dose)
Rat
dermal
NOAEL
F0&F1
=7%
(max.
dose)
9.4.52
9.4.57
9.4.58
9.4.59


f
20
Substance A Ref: B Ref: C Ref: D Ref: E Ref: F Ref:
2 Ref 3 Ref
ReadAcross
Data
including
Substance1
(LAS)
1
Irritation
2
skin
eye
sensitization
Irritating
Irritating
9.4.21
9.4.30
Irritating 9.4.22
Moderatly
Irritating
Severely
Irritating
9.4.23
9.4.31
Irritating 9.4.22
Irritating
Irritating
9.4.24
9.4.25



1
DataareintheAssessmentPlansandDossiersunderdevelopmentfortheLASCategoryandtheLABSulfonicAcidCategory.
2
ABeyondSIDSEndpoint.
21
6.0HazardCharacterization
Hazardcharacterizationofthesixsponsoredchemicals,andofthesixasacategory,willbe
completedoncethedatafortheadditionalsupportingchemicalsbecomeavailableandcanbe
fullyintegratedintotheassessment.Itwillincludecharacterizationofphysico-chemical,
environmentalfate,ecotoxicologyandmammaliantoxicityendpoints.
7.0Data-GapAnalysis
Thedata-gapanalysisfortheLAS/ABSCategorywillbeconductedoncethedataforthe
additionalsupportingchemicalsbecomeavailableandcanbefullyintegratedintothe
assessment.
8.0.References
8.1ReferencesCitedintheText
Klimisch,HJ,MAndreaeandUTillmann.1997.Asystematicapproachforevaluatingthe
qualityofexperimentaltoxicologicalandecotoxicologicaldata.Regl.Toxicol.Pharm.25:1-5.
Valtorta,L,PRadici,DCalcinaiandLCavalli.2000.RecentdevelopmentofLAB/LAS.Riv.It.
SostanzeGrasse.LXXVII:73-76.
8.2ReferencesfortheRobustStudySummaries
Author/ Title Journal/ Year
Source performing
laboratory
1. Cosmetic, Toiletry CTFAFinalreportonNa/TEADDBS 1997
and Fragrance
Association (CTFA)
2. Daly I., Schroeder R., LASteratologystudyinrats FdCosmet 1980
Killeen J. Toxicol18:55-58
3. Harcros MSDSandproductspecificationCasul 2000
55HFandCasul70HF
4. Harcros ProductspecificationCasuk70HF 1989
5. Heywood R., James Toxicologystudiesoflinearalkylbenzene Toxicol11:245- 1978
R., Sortwell R. sulphonate(LAS)inrhesusmonkeysI. 250
Simultaneousoralandsubcutaneous
administrationfor28days
6. Inoue K., Sunakawa Studiesofin vitrocelltransformationand FdCosmet 1980
T. mutagenicitybysurfactantsandother Toxicol18:289-
compounds 296
7. Ishii Y., Samejima Y., Effectofalcoholsulfonateandnatural Mut.Res.242: 1990
Saji F., Nomura T. soaponthedevelopmentoffertilizedeggs 151-155
ofthemouseinvitro
22
Author/ Title Journal/ Year
Source performing
laboratory
8. Kimerle R., Macek K., Bioconcentrationoflinearalkylbenzene Wat.Res.15: 1981
Hasbrouch Sleight III, sulfonate(LAS)inbluegill(Lepomis 251-256
Burrows M. Macrochirus)
9. Kretchmar B. Acuteoraltoxicitystudieswithten IndustrialBio-test 1973
samplesinalbinorats Laboratories,Inc.
10. Kuc W. StaticacutetoxicityofCASNR26264-05-1 Baker Petrolite 2000
toFatheadminnow(Pimephales
promelas)
11. Kukulinski M. D.O.T.Corrosivity(modified) ToxMonitor 1993
Laboratories
12. Kukulinski M. D.O.T.Corrosivity(modified) ToxMonitor 1993
Laboratories
13. Kukulinski M. D.O.T.Corrosivity(modified) ToxMonitor 1993
Laboratories
14. McKim J., Arthur J., Toxicityofalinearalkylatesulfonate Bull.Environ. 1975
Thorslund T. detergenttolarvaeoffourspeciesof Contam.Toxicol.
freshwaterfish 14(1):1-7
15. Mrmann P. AkuteoraleToxizittvonMarlonA386 Chemische 1984
WerkeHls
16. Mieure J., Waters J., Terrestrialsafetyassessmentoflinear Chemosphere21 1990
Holt M., Matthijs E. alkylbenzenesulfonate (1-2):251-262
17. Oser B., Morgareidge Toxicologicstudieswithbranchedand Toxicol.Appl. 1965
K. linearalkylbenzenesulfonatesinrats Pharmacol.7:
819-825
18. Palmer A., Readshaw Assessmentoftheteratogenicpotentialof Toxicol.3:91-106 1975
M., Neuff A. surfactantspartILASASandClD
19. Palmer A., Readshaw Assessmentoftheteratogenicpotentialof Toxicol4:171- 1975
M., Neuff A. surfactantspartIII- dermalapplicationof 181
LASandsoap
20. Pence W. Theevaluationofthebiodegradationof HillTopResearch 1986
910-92usingtheOECDscreeningtest
method
21. Rhodia
22. Rhodia
MSDSRHODOCAL

CA/70
MSDSRHODOCAL

330
1998
1998
23. Rhone-Poulenc ReportT-1101 ProductSafety 1980
Labs
24. Steevens M. StaticacutetoxicityofCASNR26264-05-1 Baker Petrolite 2000
toDaphniamagna
25. Stepan Bioticdegradation(modifiedsturmtest) INERIS 1993
evaluation,inanaqueousmedium,ofthe
"ultimate"biodegradabilityofsubstances:
1736-1A1736-1B1736-1C1736-1D1736-
1E
26. Tesh J.M. & Ross LAS-Mg:Effectsoforaladministrationuponthe LifeScience 1978
F.W.
progressandoutcomeofpregnancyinthe research,Stock,
rabbit Essex,UK
27. Tesh J.M., Ross F.W. LAS-Mg:Effectsupontheprogressand LifeScience 1978
& Moss A.
outcomeofpregnancyintherabbit research,Stock,
Essex,UK
28. Tesh J.M., Wilson LAS-Mg:Theeffectsoftopicalapplicationupon LifeScience 1979
S.M. & Tesh S.A.
reproduction:segmentIIstudy research,Stock,
Essex,UK
23
Author/ Title Journal/ Year
Source performing
laboratory
29. Tesh J.M. & Mc LAS-Mg:Effectsuponthereproductive LifeScience 1980
Anulty P.A.
performanceofratstreatedcontinuously research,Stock,
throughtwosuccessivegenerations Essex,UK
30. Wateri N., Torizawa UltrastructuralObservationsofthe J.Clin.Electron 1977
K., Kanai M., Suzuki ProtectiveEffectofGlycyrrhizinforMouse Microsc.10:121-
Y. LiverInjuryCausedbyOralAdministration 139
ofDetergentIngredient(LAS)
31. Wo C., Shapiro R. ReportT-1047(E00617-5) ProductSafety 1980
Labs
32. Wo C., Shapiro R. ReportT-1137 ProductSafety 1980
Labs
24