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Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire

Includes Actual form and Ought form


and Scoring Guide

by Bruce Avolio and Bernard Bass

Published by Mind Garden, Inc.


info@mindgarden.com
www.mindgarden.com

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Copyright 1995 Bruce Avolio and Bernard Bass. All Rights Reserved.

1995 Bruce Avolio and Bernard Bass. All Rights Reserved.


Published by Mind Garden, Inc., www.mindgarden.com

MLQ

Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire


Actual/Ought
Actual Form

This survey will help you describe your leadership style as you perceive it. Starting with the first
question, judge how frequently each statement fits you. For items 1 through 18, indicate what you
actually do. For items 19 through 36, indicate what you ought to be doing. If an item is irrelevant, or if
you are unsure or do not know the answer, leave it blank. Use the rating scale below:
Not at all

Once in a while

Sometimes

Fairly often

Frequently,
if not always
4

1.

I avoid getting involved when important issues arise ......................................................................... 0

2.

I talk about my most important values and beliefs.............................................................................. 0

3.

I seek differing perspectives when solving problems ......................................................................... 0

4.

I discuss in specific terms who is responsible for achieving performance targets .............................. 0

5.

I wait for things to go wrong before taking action .............................................................................. 0

6.

I talk enthusiastically about what needs to be accomplished .............................................................. 0

7.

I spend time teaching and coaching .................................................................................................... 0

8.

I show that I am a firm believer in If it aint broke, dont fix it. ..................................................... 0

9.

I go beyond self-interest for the good of the group ............................................................................. 0

10.

I act in ways that build others respect for me .................................................................................... 0

11.

I concentrate my full attention on dealing with mistakes, complaints, and failures ............................ 0

12.

I consider the moral and ethical consequences of decisions ............................................................... 0

13.

I direct my attention toward failures to meet standards ...................................................................... 0

14.

I consider an individual as having different needs, abilities, and aspirations from others .................. 0

15.

I suggest new ways of looking at how to complete assignments ........................................................ 0

16.

I delay responding to urgent questions................................................................................................ 0

17.

I express satisfaction when others meet expectations ......................................................................... 0

18.

I express confidence that goals will be achieved ................................................................................ 0

1995 Bruce Avolio and Bernard Bass. All Rights Reserved.


Published by Mind Garden, Inc., www.mindgarden.com

MLQ

Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire


Actual/Ought
Ought Form

Now indicate what you ought to be doing.


Not at all

Once in a while

Sometimes

Fairly often

Frequently,
if not always
4

19.

I avoid getting involved when important issues arise ......................................................................... 0

20.

I talk about my most important values and beliefs.............................................................................. 0

21.

I seek differing perspectives when solving problems ......................................................................... 0

22.

I discuss in specific terms who is responsible for achieving performance targets .............................. 0

23.

I wait for things to go wrong before taking action .............................................................................. 0

24.

I talk enthusiastically about what needs to be accomplished .............................................................. 0

25.

I spend time teaching and coaching .................................................................................................... 0

26.

I show that I am a firm believer in If it aint broke, dont fix it. ..................................................... 0

27.

I go beyond self-interest for the good of the group ............................................................................. 0

28.

I act in ways that build others respect for me .................................................................................... 0

29.

I concentrate my full attention on dealing with mistakes, complaints, and failures ............................ 0

30.

I consider the moral and ethical consequences of decisions ............................................................... 0

31.

I direct my attention toward failures to meet standards ...................................................................... 0

32.

I consider an individual as having different needs, abilities, and aspirations from others .................. 0

33.

I suggest new ways of looking at how to complete assignments ........................................................ 0

34.

I delay responding to urgent questions................................................................................................ 0

35.

I express satisfaction when others meet expectations ......................................................................... 0

36.

I express confidence that goals will be achieved ................................................................................ 0

1995 Bruce Avolio and Bernard Bass. All Rights Reserved.


Published by Mind Garden, Inc., www.mindgarden.com

MLQ

Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire


Scoring Key - Actual

Scoring: The MLQ scale scores are average scores for the items on the scale. The score can be derived
by summing the items and dividing by two. All of the leadership style scales have two items.
Not at all

Once in a while

Sometimes

Fairly often

Frequently,
if not always
4

Idealized Influence (Attributed) total/2 =

Management-by-Exception (Active) total/2 =

Idealized Influence (Behavior) total/2 =

Management-by-Exception (Passive) total/2 =

Inspirational Motivation total/2 =

Laissez-faire Leadership total/2 =

Intellectual Stimulation total/2 =


Individualized Consideration total/2 =
Contingent Reward total/2 =

1.

Laissez-faire .......................................................................................................... 0

2.

Idealized Influence (Behavior) ............................................................................. 0

3.

Intellectual Stimulation ........................................................................................ 0

4.

Contingent Reward ............................................................................................... 0

5.

Management-by-Exception (Passive) .................................................................. 0

6.

Inspirational Motivation ...................................................................................... 0

7.

Individualized Consideration .............................................................................. 0

8.

Management-by-Exception (Passive) .................................................................. 0

9.

Idealized Influence (Attributed) .......................................................................... 0

10.

Idealized Influence (Attributed) .......................................................................... 0

11.

Management-by-Exception (Active) ................................................................... 0

12.

Idealized Influence (Behavior) ............................................................................. 0

13.

Management-by-Exception (Active).................................................................... 0

14.

Individualized Consideration .............................................................................. 0

15.

Intellectual Stimulation ........................................................................................ 0

16.

Laissez-faire .......................................................................................................... 0

17.

Contingent Reward ............................................................................................... 0

18.

Inspirational Motivation ...................................................................................... 0

MLQ

Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire


1995 Bruce Avolio and Bernard Bass. All Rights Reserved.
Published by Mind Garden, Inc., www.mindgarden.com

Scoring Key - Ought


Scoring: The MLQ scale scores are average scores for the items on the scale. The score can be derived
by summing the items and dividing by two. All of the leadership style scales have two items.
Not at all

Once in a while

Sometimes

Fairly often

Frequently,
if not always
4

Idealized Influence (Attributed) total/2 =

Management-by-Exception (Active) total/2 =

Idealized Influence (Behavior) total/2 =

Management-by-Exception (Passive) total/2 =

Inspirational Motivation total/2 =

Laissez-faire Leadership total/2 =

Intellectual Stimulation total/2 =


Individualized Consideration total/2 =
Contingent Reward total/2 =

19.

Laissez-faire .......................................................................................................... 0

20.

Idealized Influence (Behavior) ............................................................................. 0

21.

Intellectual Stimulation ........................................................................................ 0

22.

Contingent Reward ............................................................................................... 0

23.

Management-by-Exception (Passive) .................................................................. 0

24.

Inspirational Motivation ...................................................................................... 0

25.

Individualized Consideration .............................................................................. 0

26.

Management-by-Exception (Passive) .................................................................. 0

27.

Idealized Influence (Attributed) .......................................................................... 0

28.

Idealized Influence (Attributed) .......................................................................... 0

29.

Management-by-Exception (Active) ................................................................... 0

30.

Idealized Influence (Behavior) ............................................................................. 0

31.

Management-by-Exception (Active).................................................................... 0

32.

Individualized Consideration .............................................................................. 0

33.

Intellectual Stimulation ........................................................................................ 0

34.

Laissez-faire .......................................................................................................... 0

35.

Contingent Reward ............................................................................................... 0

36.

Inspirational Motivation ...................................................................................... 0

1995 Bruce Avolio and Bernard Bass. All Rights Reserved.


Published by Mind Garden, Inc., www.mindgarden.com

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