-´’çí∫-∞¡¢√®Ωç 26 ÂÆ°dç-•®Ω’ 2006
Praful: Are you telling me that you are doing
all this just for me?
(Éü¿çû√ Ø√éÓÆæç îËÆæ’h-Ø√o-†ç-ö«¢√?)
Mohan: What then? Why should I go about
places to get your papers moved?
(´’Jç-ÍéçöÀ? F é¬T-û√©’ éπü¿-°æ-ö«-EéÀ
ÅEo-îÓô’x áçü¿’èπ◊ A®Ω-í¬L ØË-†’?)
Praful: Come now, Mohan. You are too
clever not to have any self interest.
(¢Á÷£æ«Ø˛ îª÷úø’. àüÓ ≤ƒy®Ωnç Öçõ‰ØË
îËÊÆ ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√-úÕN †’´¤y)
Mohan: You are right. Let me be frank. I do
take this opportunity to meet officers
and get their acquaintance.
(†’´yØËC Eï¢Ë’. Ö†o--ü¿’-†oô’d îÁ°æpF.
Officers †’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-ö«-EéÃ, ¢√∞¡xûÓ °æJ-îª-ߪ÷-
Eéà DEE ØËØÓ Å´-鬨¡çí¬ BÆæ’-èπ◊ç-ô’-Ø√o†’)
-Ççí∫x-¶µ«-≠æ-ù 219
We aren't too unlucky
frank = ´’†-Ææ’™ Ö†oC •ßª’-ô-°õ‰d/
´’†-Ææ’™ àD ü∆-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ Ö†oC Ö†oô’x
îÁÊ°pߪ’ôç.
To tell you frankly/ To be frank I don't like you
Ø√ ´’†-Ææ’™ Ö†oC îÁ§ƒp-©çõ‰/ Ö†oC ü∆-
éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ îÁ•’-ûª’Ø√o – †’´yçõ‰ Ø√éÀ≠dçæ ™‰ü¿’.
Acquaintance (ÅÈéj y-®·-Ø˛-ôØ˛q. 'éπy— ØÌéÀ\
°æ©’-èπ◊û√ç)= °æJ-îªßª’ç ´÷vûª¢Ë’/ ´·ê
°æJ-îªßª’ç (ÊÆo£æ«ç é¬èπ◊çú≈)/ °æJ-îª-ߪ’-Ææ’húø’
I have acquaintance with him =
ÅûªúÕûÓ Ø√èπ◊ °æJ-îªßª’ç ÖçC.
He is an acquaintance of mine =
Åûªúø’ Ø√èπ◊ °æJ-îª-ߪ’-Ææ’húø’
Praful: I appreciate your frankness.
(F´¤ ´’†-Ææ’q-™ØË Â°ô’d-éÓ-èπ◊çú≈ •ßª’-öÀéÀ
îÁ°œp-†ç-ü¿’èπ◊ ¢Á’a-èπ◊ç-ô’Ø√o.)
appreciate Åv°‘-≠œ-ß˝’ö¸ – 'v°‘— ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
= ´’ç*-ûª†ç/ Ö°æ-ßÁ÷í∫ç ™«çöÀN Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-
éÓ-Ææ’-éÓ-í∫-©-í∫ôç/ ¢Á’a-éÓ-´ôç. äéπ Ææ´’-Ææu†’
Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´ôç.
He doesn't appreciate the seriousness of
the situation =
°æJ-ÆœnA Bv´ûª†’ Åûªúø’ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-´-õ‰xü¿’
Mohan: You are too smart not to miss the
point either. You know I alone can get
things done for you.
(Ç Å稡ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-èπ◊-ØËçûª ûÁLN F-C.
Fèπ◊ ûÁ©’Ææ’ °æE Ø√ ´™‰x Å´¤-ûª’ç-ü¿E)
Praful: The dependence is mutual
(Ñ Çüµ∆-®Ω-°æ-úøôç ÅØËC °æ®Ω-Ææp®Ωç.)
Mutual (´‚u-Å™¸)– ´‚u ØÌéÀ\ °æ©’-èπ◊û√ç
= °æ®Ω-Ææp®Ωç äéπ-J-éÌ-éπ®Ω’.
The husband and wife have mutual
understand =
Ç ¶µ«®√u-¶µº-®Ωh™x °æ®Ω-Ææp®Ω Å´-í¬-£æ«† ÖçC
Mohan: So what now? (Å®·ûË É°æ¤p-úËç-öÀçé¬?)
Praful: The officer is too efficient not to
speed up matters.
(N≠æ-ߪ÷-©†’ ûªyJ-ûªçí¬ é¬EîËa ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç
Ö†o Ç°∂‘-Ææ®˝ -Ç-ߪ’-†, Åçõ‰ N≠æ-ߪ÷©’
ûªy®Ωí¬ Å´¤-û√-ߪ’E)
Mohan: We aren't too unlucky there.
(Ç N≠æ-ߪ’ç™ ´’†ç ´’K ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠dæ
-´ç-ûª’©ç é¬-ü¿’)
☯ ☯ ☯ ☯
Spoken English
Ñ-Ø√-úø’ £j«-ü¿®√-¶«-ü˛
éÀçü¿öÀlesson we discussed the meaning
™
and use of 'too'. Let's know something more
about 'too'. Look at the following sentences:
He is too strong not to beat his opponent
ÅûªúÕ v°æûªu-JnE ãúÕç-îª-í∫-L-Ííçûª •©-´ç-ûª’-úø-ûª†’
´’†ç éÀçü¿öÀ lesson ™ îª÷ÆœçC:
too + adjective/ adverb + infinitive Ö†o
sentences ™ Å®Ωnç, infinitive èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬
´Ææ’hçC éπü∆.
a) He is too weak to walk - Ééπ\úø Å®Ωnç, Ñ
sentence ™ Ö†o infinitive 'to walk' èπ◊
´uA-Í®-éπçí¬ É™« ´Ææ’hçC – †úø-´-™‰-†çûª •©-
£‘«-†çí¬ ÖØ√o-úøE.
b) She is too slow to understand things.
infinitive, to understand
Ééπ\úø èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç
èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬, Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª (Eü∆†ç
Ç¢Á’) ÅE ´≤ÚhçC éπü∆. ÉC ´’†ç last les-
son ™ ûÁ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊Ø√oç.
É°æ¤púø’ Ñ sentence îª÷úøçúÕ.
c) He is too clever not to understand this.
Ñsentence infinitive
™ not ´·çü¿’
Öçúøôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
É™« infinitive ´·çü¿’
not ¢√úÕûË, sentence
èπ◊ Å®Ωnç, not infinitive
èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπçí¬
Öçô’çC. Åçõ‰
infinitive îÁÊ°pC ï®Ω’-
í∫’-ûª’çC ÅE. É°æ¤púø’ M. SURESAN
sentence (c) éÀ Å®Ωnç
É™« ´Ææ’hçC éπü∆. Åûªúø’ ÉC Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’éÓí∫©
ûÁLN Ö†o¢√úË. Åçõ‰ not to understand
(Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓE/ îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰E) èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç – Å®Ωnç
îËÆæ’-èπ◊ØË/ Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫© ÅE ´Ææ’hçC.
He is too clever not to understand the
point
Ñ N≠æߪ’ç Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫© (not to under-
stand èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-鬮Ωnç) ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’. (Å®Ωnç
îËÆæ’-éÓ-™‰-†çûª ûÁL-N-™‰-E-¢√úËç é¬ü¿’)
a) She has had too much of practice not
to play well =
¶«í¬ Çúø-í∫-L-Ííçûª practice Ö†o-ü∆-¢Á’èπ◊.
(not to play well
èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç ¶«í¬ Çúø-
í∫-L-Ííçûª)
Compare the following.
i) He is too lazy to pass =
(to pass
§ƒÆˇ Å´-™‰-†çûª èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç)
•ü¿l¥-éπ-Ææ’h-úø’-¢√úø’.
ii) He is too hard working not to pass.
pass ÅßË’uçûª (not to pass èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç)
í¬ v¨¡´’-°æ-úË-¢√-úø-ûª†’.
ÉN πÿú≈ §ÚLa îª÷úøçúÕ.
i) She is too careless to observe this =
(to observe
ÉC í∫´’-Eç-îª-™‰-†çûª
Í®éπç) Åñ«-ví∫ûªh ´’E≠œ Ç¢Á’.
ii) She is too keen not to observe this =
(not to observe
ÉC í∫´’-Eç-îËçûª
´uA-Í®éπç) ®Ω’-ÈéjçC Ç¢Á’.
Now, take the sentences from the conver-
sation at the beginning of the Lesson:
1) You are too clever not to have any self
interest
2) You are too smart not to miss the point
either
3) The officer is too efficient not to speed up
matters
4) We aren't too unlucky there
-§ƒ-ûª -¢√u≤ƒ-©éÓÆæç -éÀxé˙ -îË-ߪ’ç-úÕ.. URL: http://www.eenadu.net/spoken/spoken.htm
2
Sentence No.1: Not to have any self-interest
Spoken English (British or American) also
™
too
èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬, ≤ƒy®Ωnç Fèπ◊ç-úËçûª ÅE éπçõ‰ ÅüË Å®Ωnç (èπÿú≈)ûÓ, áèπ◊\´ NE-°œ-Ææ’hçC.
Also formal. serious
´Ææ’hçC. ≤ƒy®ΩnçûÓ îËÊÆçûª ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√- ¢√úøéπç éÌçîÁç Åçõ‰
úÕ¢Ë †’´¤y. É™« èπÿú≈ Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. speech/ book language ™ áèπ◊\´. ´÷´‚-©’í¬
≤ƒy®Ωnç àç ™‰èπ◊çú≈ îËÊÆçûª ûÁL-N-™‰-E-¢√- too, as well,
´÷ö«x-úË-ô-°æ¤púø’ é¬èπ◊çõ‰, ¢√úø-û√®Ω’.
úÕN é¬ü¿’ †’´¤y. É¢Á-°æ¤púø÷ sentence *´®Ω ´≤ƒh®·.
No. 2: You are too smart not to miss the point
1) ؈’ ¢√úÕE éπ©’-Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. ¢√úÕ ûª´·t-úÕF éπ©’-
either = not to miss the point èπ◊ ´uA-Í®éπç
Ææ’-èπ◊-Ø√o†’=
– Å稡ç í∫´’-Eç-îËçûª ûÁLN ÖçC Fèπ◊/ I met him, and his brother too/ I met him
Å稡ç í∫´’-Eç-îª-éπ-§Ú-ßË’çûª ûÁL-N-™‰-E-¢√-úÕ-N- and his brother as well. (I met his brother
鬴¤.
also -ÉC äéπ Nüµ¿çí¬ ûªÊ°p – also, sentence
*´®Ω ¢√úøôç.)
2) †’´¤y Ç èπ◊Ka 鬢√-©çõ‰ BÆæ’éÓ, ü∆çûÓ §ƒô’
õ‰•’™¸ èπÿú≈ 鬢√-©çõ‰ èπ◊ü¿-®Ωü¿’ =
You take the chair, but you can't take the
table too./ You can't have the table as well
Also¢√úÕûË, ü∆Eo verb ´·çü¿’-í¬F, 'be' form
´·çü¿’-í¬F ´îËaô’x ¢√úøû√ç.
I went to Delhi last month; I also stayed
No. 3: Not to speed up things èπ◊ ´uA-Í®-éπçí¬
there for a week.
ûªyJ-ûªçí¬ îËÊÆçûª ÅE Å®Ωnç ´Ææ’hçC. Ç
officer °æ†’©’ ûªyJ-ûªçí¬ îËߪ’-í∫© ≤ƒ´’®Ωn uç (؈’ §Ú®·† ØÁ© Delhi ¢ÁR} Åéπ\úø ã ¢√®Ωç
Ö†o-¢√úø’. èπÿú≈ ÖØ√o†’)– also, verb- stayed ´·çü¿’
(ûªyJ-ûªçí¬ îËߪ’-™‰-†çûª ÅÆæ-´’-®Ω’núø’ é¬úø’) ®√´ôç í∫´’-Eç-îªçúÕ.
No.4: We aren't too unlucky there = ´’†ç ´’K 3) The British ruled us for centuries and
robbed us too/ robbed us as well =
Åçûª ü¿’®Ω-ü¿%-≠dçæ í¬ (°æE-é¬-†çûª) ™‰ç
'Too' †’ áEo Nüµ∆-©’í¬ ¢√úÌîÓa îª÷¨»®Ω’ éπü∆! vGöÀ≠ˇ ¢√∞¡Ÿx ´’†Lo §ƒLç*, üÓ-èπ◊-Ø√o®Ω’
É°æ¤p-úÕC îª÷úøçúÕ. èπÿú≈.
a) The Australian team was too strong for ÉD spoken English™ too (as well) èπ◊ Ö†o
India v§ƒ´·êuç.
= The Australian bowling was too much for Not ûÓ Å®·ûË ÅÆæ©’ also ®√ØË-®√ü¿’. ÅC ûªÊ°p
India = (äéπ\ not only ... but also sentences ™ ûª°æp).
¶µ«®Ωû˝ ûªô’d-éÓ-™‰-†çûª •©-¢Á’i† öÃç ÇÊÆZ-Lߪ÷. Å™«ç-ô-°æ¤púø’ either ¢√úøû√ç.
ÇÊÆZ-Lߪ÷ ¶˜Lçí˚ ¶µ«®Ωû˝ ûªô’d-éÓ-™‰-†ç-ûªC. 1) Åûªúø÷ ®√™‰ü¿’, ÅûªúÕ ûª´·túø÷ ®√™‰ü¿’.
b) The boy is too clever for a boy his age = He hasn't come, his brother hasn't either.
Ç
(his brother hasn't come too- sentence
èπ◊v®√úø’ ÅûªE ´ßª’-Ææ’èπ◊ N’ç*† ûÁL-N-í∫-©-¢√úø’. ÅE
c) The old man is too strong for his age = Ç *´®Ω ®√´îª’a/ as well èπÿú≈ ¢√úø-´îª’a)
2) Ç¢Á’ ®√™‰ü¿’, ®√´-õ‰x-ü¿E §∂ÚØ˛ èπÿú≈ îËߪ’-™‰ü¿’ =
´·Ææ-™«-ߪ’-†èπ◊ Çߪ’† ´ßª’-Ææ’èπ◊ N’ç*† •©ç
ÖçC. She hasn't come; She hasn't phoned either
É¢Ë é¬èπ◊çú≈, Ñ columns ™ØË also (èπÿú≈) ÅØË she won't come.
Å®ΩnçûÓ too ¢√úøéπç îªJaçî√ç. ÅC-èπÿú≈ ã≤ƒJ
í∫’®Ω’h-îË-Ææ’-èπ◊çü∆ç.
EXERCISE ANSWER
Mohan: †’¢Áyç-ü¿’èπ◊ •ßª’-öÀéÀ ®√´-ö«-EéÀ É≠æd°æ-úø-ôç- Mohan: Why are you unwilling to go out?
Madan: Isn't it too cold?
™‰ü¿’?
Madan: ´’K îªLí¬ ™‰ü¿÷? Mohan: That's true. But you are wearing a
Mohan: Eï¢Ë’. †’´¤y sweater ¢ËÆæ’-èπ◊-Ø√o-´¤-éπü∆? sweater.
Madan: Å®·Ø√ èπÿú≈ ûªô’d-éÓ-™‰-†çûª îªL ÅE-°œ- Madan: Still I feel it is too cold for me to bear.
èπ◊ ´uA- ≤ÚhçC Ø√èπ◊. Mohan: You seen to have too little resistance.
Mohan: Fèπ◊ ûªô’d-èπ◊ØË ¨¡éÀh (resistance) ´’K Madan: Yes, since I had the typhoid my
ûªèπ◊\-´í¬ Ö†o-ô’dçC. resistance has been too low.
Madan: Å´¤†’. Ø√èπ◊ typhoid ´*a-†-°æp-ô’oç< Mohan: See your doctor again.
èπ◊
resistance ûªèπ◊\-´í¬ ÖçC.
Madan: I have seen him too often already. I
Mohan: Doctor †’ éπ©’-Ææ’-éÓ-´’S} have spent too much on medicine,
Madan: É°æp-öÀÍé -î √-™« áèπ◊\-´-≤ƒ®Ω’x éπL-¨»†’. î√™« already.
fees Éa-èπ◊-Ø√o†’. ¢Ájü¿u ê®Ω’a©’ ´’K
Mohan: I can understand all that. Still you had
áèπ◊\-´-ߪ÷u®· Ø√èπ◊. better see the doctor. You have
Mohan: ؈C Å®Ωnç îËÆæ’-éÓ-í∫-©†’. Å®·Ø√ †’´¤y delayed too much already.
doctor †’ îª÷úøôç ´’ç*C. É°æp-öÀÍé
Madan: What you say is correct. I'll see him
this evening.
¶«í¬ Ç©-Ææu-¢Á’içC.
Madan: †’´y-†oC correct. Ñ
≤ƒßª’çvûªç
îª÷≤ƒh†’.