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As one of the biggest bank in Indonesia, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has to manage huge number of ATM machine. This machine, need to be manage properly, unless it will not serve it purpose as the bank want it. One of the managing process is about cash replenishment. My job in this internship, mainly around E-Channel, especially ATM area.
After learning and doing several task in the bank, I learn that there's an opportunity to reduce operational cost for ATM machine in term of replenishment cycle. I found out that the amount of idle cash for each ATM is still big (more than 20%). This idle cash is what we can call sleep money. It serve no purpose, no use, but still burden the operational process due to it variable cost. Variable cost that affect this money is premium cost for cash in safe and cash in transit. Another cost is overnight charge.
The waste in operational cost might seems small for company as big as PT Bank Mandiri Tbk, but still, it's a huge cash compare to small/medium enterprise. This amount of money can be invest in another profitable area rather than wasted in ATM. That's why the manager ask me to find the solution to save this money.
First of all, I need to collect relevant and reliable data about the ATM. Then I analyze these collected data with simple forecasting and solver . After that, I manage to find out which part can be optimize.
After finding which part can be optimized, the next question is how? The answer rely on looking through company policy. If they already put the policy to manage this kind of problem, then I just follow the instruction. If they aren't, then a bit of improvisation might do the magic.
As one of the biggest bank in Indonesia, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has to manage huge number of ATM machine. This machine, need to be manage properly, unless it will not serve it purpose as the bank want it. One of the managing process is about cash replenishment. My job in this internship, mainly around E-Channel, especially ATM area.
After learning and doing several task in the bank, I learn that there's an opportunity to reduce operational cost for ATM machine in term of replenishment cycle. I found out that the amount of idle cash for each ATM is still big (more than 20%). This idle cash is what we can call sleep money. It serve no purpose, no use, but still burden the operational process due to it variable cost. Variable cost that affect this money is premium cost for cash in safe and cash in transit. Another cost is overnight charge.
The waste in operational cost might seems small for company as big as PT Bank Mandiri Tbk, but still, it's a huge cash compare to small/medium enterprise. This amount of money can be invest in another profitable area rather than wasted in ATM. That's why the manager ask me to find the solution to save this money.
First of all, I need to collect relevant and reliable data about the ATM. Then I analyze these collected data with simple forecasting and solver . After that, I manage to find out which part can be optimize.
After finding which part can be optimized, the next question is how? The answer rely on looking through company policy. If they already put the policy to manage this kind of problem, then I just follow the instruction. If they aren't, then a bit of improvisation might do the magic.
As one of the biggest bank in Indonesia, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has to manage huge number of ATM machine. This machine, need to be manage properly, unless it will not serve it purpose as the bank want it. One of the managing process is about cash replenishment. My job in this internship, mainly around E-Channel, especially ATM area.
After learning and doing several task in the bank, I learn that there's an opportunity to reduce operational cost for ATM machine in term of replenishment cycle. I found out that the amount of idle cash for each ATM is still big (more than 20%). This idle cash is what we can call sleep money. It serve no purpose, no use, but still burden the operational process due to it variable cost. Variable cost that affect this money is premium cost for cash in safe and cash in transit. Another cost is overnight charge.
The waste in operational cost might seems small for company as big as PT Bank Mandiri Tbk, but still, it's a huge cash compare to small/medium enterprise. This amount of money can be invest in another profitable area rather than wasted in ATM. That's why the manager ask me to find the solution to save this money.
First of all, I need to collect relevant and reliable data about the ATM. Then I analyze these collected data with simple forecasting and solver . After that, I manage to find out which part can be optimize.
After finding which part can be optimized, the next question is how? The answer rely on looking through company policy. If they already put the policy to manage this kind of problem, then I just follow the instruction. If they aren't, then a bit of improvisation might do the magic.
INTERNSHIP REPORT This report made to fulfill the mandatory of Business Immersion
By Mirolas Nove Adwas ID: 29113145
Magister of Business Administration School of Business and Management INSTITUT TEKNOLOGI BANDUNG 2014 i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This report can't be done without help and support from the other. This part of paper made to acknowledge their help and support for all this time: 1. Allah SWT for his grace and guidance 2. My family for loving and caring 3. MBA ITB for my source of knowledge 4. Ms Yani Nurhayanti for helping me finding the company for internship 5. Mr Abi Kustomi as assistant vice president in business development 6. Ms Firdha Bella and Mr Dicky as officer 7. Mr Dania, Mr Dicky, Mr Iwan, Mr Rully, and Mr Tisna as staff ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................... i Table of Contents ................................................................................................................ ii List of Tables ....................................................................................................................... iv List of Graphs ...................................................................................................................... v List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Appendix .................................................................................................................. vii Executive Summary ............................................................................................................ viii CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 1 1.1. Company Profile ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2. Scope of work ............................................................................................................ 5 1.3. Objective of the internship ......................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER II : BUSINESS ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 6 2.1. Theoretical Framework .............................................................................................. 6 2.1.1. Insurance Premium ................................................................................................... 6 2.1.2. Cash In Safe ............................................................................................................... 6 2.1.3. Cash In Transit .......................................................................................................... 6 2.1.4. Over Night Rate ......................................................................................................... 7 2.1.5. Vendor ...................................................................................................................... 7 2.1.6. ATM Capacity ........................................................................................................... 7 2.2. Methodology .............................................................................................................. 8 2.2.1. Methodology used to collect data ............................................................................. 8 2.2.2. Methodology used for data analysis .......................................................................... 8 2.3. Finding & Analysis .................................................................................................... 9 2.3.1. Cash in Safe .............................................................................................................. 9 2.3.2. Cash in Transit ........................................................................................................... 10 2.3.3. Vendor ....................................................................................................................... 13 2.3.4. Over Night Rate ......................................................................................................... 17 2.3.5. ATM Capacity ........................................................................................................... 17 2.3.6. Total Variable Cost For Month X .............................................................................. 20 CHAPTER III : BUSINESS SOLUTION ........................................................................... 21 iii
3.1. Proposed Solution ...................................................................................................... 21 3.1.1. Reducing the need for paper money by using electronic money ............................... 21 3.1.2. Optimize the replenishment cycle by implementing new idle cash regulation ......... 22 3.2. Practical Implication .................................................................................................. 23 3.2.1. Reducing the need for paper money by using electronic money ............................... 23 3.2.2. Optimize the replenishment cycle by implementing new idle cash regulation ......... 23 3.3. Implementation Plan ................................................................................................. 25 3.3.1. Reducing the need for paper money by using electronic money ............................... 25 3.3.2. Optimize the replenishment cycle by implementing new idle cash regulation ......... 27 CHAPTER IV : LESSONS LEARNED ............................................................................. 28 4.1. Lesson learned from the Problem Solving ................................................................. 28 4.2. Lesson learned from the internship program ............................................................. 28 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 30 APPENDIX ......................................................................................................................... 32 iv
LIST OF TABLE
Table II-1 : CIS in month X Table II-2 : CIS premium in month X Table II-3 : CIT in month X Table II-4 : CIT premium in month X Table II-5 : Penalty Table II-6 : Replenishment and idle cash Table II-7 : Overnight rate for month X Table II-8 : Overnight charge for month X Table II-9 : ATM replenishment Limit Table II-10 : Total variable cost for month X Table III-1 : Variable cost before implementation Table III-2 : Variable cost after implementation v
LIST OF GRAPH
Graph I-1: Organizational Structure That Affect E-Channel vi
LIST OF FIGURE
Figure III-1 : E-Money and it predecessor Figure III-2 : Electronic Data Capture Figure III-3 : List of mandiri partner in E-Money application vii
LIST OF APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Declaration of cash in safe insurance Appendix 2: Declaration of cash in transit insurance
viii
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
As one of the biggest bank in Indonesia, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has to manage huge number of ATM machine. This machine, need to be manage properly, unless it will not serve it purpose as the bank want it. One of the managing process is about cash replenishment. My job in this internship, mainly around E-Channel, especially ATM area. After learning and doing several task in the bank, I learn that there's an opportunity to reduce operational cost for ATM machine in term of replenishment cycle. I found out that the amount of idle cash for each ATM is still big (more than 20%). This idle cash is what we can call sleep money. It serve no purpose, no use, but still burden the operational process due to it variable cost. Variable cost that affect this money is premium cost for cash in safe and cash in transit. Another cost is overnight charge. The waste in operational cost might seems small for company as big as PT Bank Mandiri Tbk, but still, it's a huge cash compare to small/medium enterprise. This amount of money can be invest in another profitable area rather than wasted in ATM. That's why the manager ask me to find the solution to save this money. First of all, I need to collect relevant and reliable data about the ATM. Then I analyze these collected data with simple forecasting and solver . After that, I manage to find out which part can be optimize. After finding which part can be optimized, the next question is how? The answer rely on looking through company policy. If they already put the policy to manage this kind of problem, then I just follow the instruction. If they aren't, then a bit of improvisation might do the magic.
1
1. CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION
As one of the biggest bank in Indonesia, Bank Mandiri (Tbk) has to deal with a large amount of money. This include the one delivered from one place into another. This transported money face some risk, like robbery or damaged over transportation process. To reduce the risk, Bank Mandiri (Tbk) appoint some insurance company to take the risk, and Bank Mandiri (Tbk) pay some amount of money (known as insurance premium) for this service. My object in this internship, is to find out how to reduce the amount of money Bank Mandiri (Tbk) has to pay each month for insurance company. Whether by finding insurance company that offer the lowest premium, or by optimize the amount of money Bank Mandiry (Tbk) has to transported.
1.1. Company Profile 1
Bank Mandiri was formed on October 2, 1998 as part of the Government of Indonesia's bank restructuring program. In July 1999, four state-owned banks - Bank Bumi Daya, Bank Dagang Negara, Bank Ekspor Impor Indonesia and Bank Pembangunan Indonesia amalgamated to become Bank Mandiri. Each of the four legacy banks played an integral and essential role in the development of the Indonesian economy. Today, Bank Mandiri continues the more than 140-year tradition of contributing to the banking industry and the Indonesian economy. Immediately following the merger, Bank Mandiri embarked on a comprehensive process of consolidation. Among the first steps were to close 194 branches that were in proximity to each other, and to reduce the number of Mandiri employees from 26,600 to 17,620. The Bank Mandiri brand was rolled out across the entire network through an advertising and promotional campaign. In addition, Bank Mandiri successfully implemented its new, integrated core banking system to replace the core banking systems of the four legacy banks. From the year 2000 through 2004, Bank Mandiri's performance remained on a continuously upward trajectory, as shown by an increase in profit from Rp 1.18 trillion in
2000 to Rp 5.3 trillion in 2004. In addition, Bank Mandiri also marked an important milestone on July 14, 2003 by successfully conducting an initial public offering of 20% of its shares (4 billion shares). In 2005, Bank Mandiri encountered a number of setbacks that resulted in a decline in profitability. One of these setbacks was a rise in non-performing loans, as shown by an increase in the net consolidated Non Performing Loan (NPL) ratio from 1.60% in 2004 to 15.34% in 2005. This had a direct and dramatic impact on the bank's profit, which slumped by 80% from Rp 5.3 trillion in 2004 to Rp 603 billion in 2005. In response, the bank's share price slid from Rp 2,050 in January 2005 to Rp 1,110 in November 2005. The year 2005 marked a turning point for Bank Mandiri when it resolved to focus on becoming a Regional Champion Bank. To do so, the Bank formulated a comprehensive Transformation Program consisting of four principal strategies, namely: 1. The inculcation of a new corporate culture through performance-based organizational restructuring, overhaul of the existing performance-based evaluation system, development of leadership and talent, and training and hiring staff to meet strategic needs. 2. Aggressive containment of Non-Performing Loans, with emphasis on the resolution of toxic loans and strengthening of the risk management system. 3. Accelerating business expansion so as to exceed average market growth through distinctive strategies and value propositions in each segment. 4. Developing alliances between directorates and business units so as to optimize customer service, and explore all available business opportunities related to existing customers and their value chains. In order to achieve its goal of becoming a Regional Champion Bank, Bank Mandiri conducted its Transformation Program in three phases, namely: 1. Phase One "Back on Track" (2006-2007): During this phase, the focus was placed on restructuring and laying the foundations for Bank Mandiri's future growth; 2. Phase Two "Outperform the Market" (2008-2009): During this period, the emphasis was on expanding the Bank's business to ensure significant growth in all segments and a level of profitability that exceeded the market average; 3. Phase Three "Shaping the End Game" (2010): During this phase, Bank Mandiri aims to become a Regional Champion Bank, through the consolidation of the 3
financial services business and emphasis on strategic non-organic growth opportunities. This includes the strengthening of subsidiaries' performance and acquisition of a bank or other financial company that can create added-value to Bank Mandiri. The changes brought about by the Transformation Program between 2005 and 2010 have resulted in a consistent strengthening of Bank Mandiri's performance, as reflected by various financial parameters. Non-performing loans fell significantly, as shown by a decline in the net consolidated NPL ratio from 15.34% in 2005 to 0.62% in 2010, while the Bank's net profit soared from Rp 0.6 trillion in 2005 to Rp 9.2 trillion in 2010. In line with the transformation of its business, Bank Mandiri has also undergone a cultural transformation based on a reformulation and reinvigoration of its key values. In doing so, the Bank identified five core corporate cultural values, which are conveniently referred to by the acronym "TIPCE", which stands for Trust, Integrity, Professionalism, Customer Focus and Excellence. Bank Mandiri significantly improved its level of quality in providing service to its customers. For sixconsecutive years (2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012), Bank Mandiri has been named a service leader among domestic banks based on a Marketing Research Indonesia (MRI) survey. In addition, the Bank's achievements in instituting good corporate governance have also been widely recognized. Bank Mandiri's consistently improving performance has elicited a positive response from investors, as shown by a significant increase in the Bank's share price from a nadir of Rp 1,110 on November 16, 2005 to Rp 7,850 at December 31, 2013. Within a period of less than nine years, Bank Mandiri's market capitalization soared eight-fold from only Rp 21.8 trillion to Rp 183.2 trillion. Bank Mandiri is now embarked on the second stage of its transformation process for the 2010-2014 period, during which time the Bank has revitalized its vision "To be Indonesia's most admired and progressive financial institution." Based on this vision, by 2014 Bank Mandiri intends to achieve a market capitalization of Rp 225 trillion, a market revenue share of 16%, a ROA of around 2.5%, and an ROE of around 25%, while at the same time maintaining asset quality as reflected in a gross NPL ratio of under 4%. By the end of 2014, Bank Mandiri is determined to be among the Top 5 banks in ASEAN, while 4
by 2020 Bank Mandiri expects to be among the Top 3 in ASEAN in terms of market capitalization, and to be a major regional player. In order to realize this vision, Bank Mandiri's business transformation during the 2010- 2014 period will focus on the following three business areas: 1. Wholesale Transaction: Bank Mandiri is consolidating its leadership position by offering comprehensive financial transaction solutions and developing a holistic relationship approach in serving its corporate and commercial customers in Indonesia. 2. Retail Deposit & Payment: Bank Mandiri is determined to become the consumer's bank of choice in the retail deposit market by providing a unique and superior banking experience. 3. Retail Financing: Bank Mandiri's goal is to become the No. 1 or 2 bank in the retail financing segment by leading in the mortgage, personal loan, and credit card markets, and by becoming a major player in the micro banking segment. Besides focusing on these three strategic areas, Bank Mandiri is also strengthening its organizational structure and infrastructure (branch, IT, operations, risk management) to provide more integrated service solutions. In seeking to achieve its goals, Bank Mandiri benefits from the support of its human resources, technology, prudential risk management, and good corporate governance. One of the key milestones towards realizing Bank Mandiri's vision during the second stage of the transformation process was the successful completion of a rights issue in February 2011 to strengthen our capital base. And as of full year 2013, the Bank's total equity has reached Rp 88.8 trillion to become the first bank in Indonesia to win the title of International Bank according to the Indonesian Banking Architecture criteria. Mandiri is the largest financial institutions in Indonesia with assets of Rp 733.1 trillion, the largest lender with loans outstanding of Rp 472.4 trillion, and the largest depository with Rp 556.3 trillion in third party funds. Bank Mandiri maintains strong asset quality, as the gross and net NPL ratio's stand at 1.90% and 0.58% respectively. As of the full year 2013, Bank Mandiri employed 33,982 employees and operates 2,050 branches across Indonesia and 6 overseas branches/representatives offices/subsidiaries. In addition, Bank Mandiri has a network of more than 230,000 Electronic Data Capture units as well as various and comprehensive electronic channels which include Mandiri Mobile, Internet Banking, SMS Banking and Call Center 14000. Bank Mandiri is well 5
supported by its six subsidiaries operating in shariah banking, capital market, multi finance, life insurance, general insurance, as well as a niche bank focusing in the micro lending segment.
1.2. Scope of work 2
Graph I-1: Organizational Structure That Affect E-Channel The scope of work for this internship is E-Channel, especially in ATM domain.
1.3. Objective of the internship Goal of this internship is to 1. To learn the business process of PT Bank Mandiri Tbk as a whole and specifically the ATM cash replenishment process 2. To learn the business ethic and enjoy the atmosphere within the company 3. Help the company to maximize their profit by doing some optimization in cash replenishment process
2 http://ir.bankmandiri.co.id/phoenix.zhtml?c=146157&p=irol-structure President Director Deputy President Director Institutional Banking Corporate Banking Commercial & BUsiness Banking Micro & Retail Banking Distribution Network I Kanwil VI Bandung Deputy Regional Manager 1 Business Development Manager Merchant Business Head E-Channel Head Business Development / Marketing Officer Deputy Regional Manager 2 Consumer Finance 6
2. CHAPTER II BUSINESS ANALYSIS
2.1. Theoretical Framework As a company, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk burdened by some variable cost. Variable cost itself meant a corporate expense that varies with production output. Variable costs are those costs that vary depending on a company's production volume; they rise as production increases and fall as production decreases. 3
There's a lot of variable cost that the bank has to fulfill each year, month, or even day. But specifically for ATM operation inside the E-Channel division, they burdened with these variable cost: 2.1.1. Insurance Premium The specified amount of payment required periodically by an insurer to provide coverage under a given insurance plan for a defined period of time. The premium is paid by the insured party to the insurer, and primarily compensates the insurer for bearing the risk of a payout should the insurance agreement's coverage be required. 4
2.1.2. Cash In Safe Cash in Safe is money which already considered secure in a safe, the code to which only the authorize user know 5
They usually cover the money as long as: 1. The safe must be placed inside the building 2. The safe must be reinforced inside the building 3. The amount of money in the safe shall always correspond to that stated in the insurance policy. 2.1.3. Cash In Transit Cash-in-transit (CIT) or Cash/valuables-in-transit (CVIT) is the physical transfer of banknotes, coins and items of value from one location to another. The locations include cash centers and bank branches, ATM points, large retailers and other premises holding large amounts of cash. 6
They usually cover the money as long as: 1. Money must be transported in armored vehicles 2. Money must be placed inside special bags for transit 3. Money should be escorted either by armed guards or by a specialized company that meet the criteria for cash transit. 2.1.4. Over Night Rate Over Night rate is the interest rate at which a depository institution lends funds to another depository institution (short-term), or the interest rate the central bank charges a financial institution to borrow money overnight. The overnight rate is the lowest available interest rate, and as such, it is only available to the most creditworthy institutions. 7
In this report, overnight rate act more like opportunity cost that the bank has to pay for putting their money in ATM, because I presume that Bank Mandiri has no cash of their own and need to lend it from central bank. This assumption been made since I can't get my hand on how much money PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has. 2.1.5. Vendor Vendor is 3rd party hired by the bank to do several task and get some fee from doing so. Vendor fee is the amount of money that Bank Mandiri has to pay for their service, their main service as outsourcer is to do cash replenishment and 1st level maintenance for each ATM. If they fail to maintain good performance, there'll be some penalty for them. 2.1.6. ATM Capacity At their maximum capacity, each ATM machine can consist 4 cassette, and each cassette can consist 2500 piece of money. But older machine only can consist 2000 piece of money for each cassette. Even though the ATM capacity can consist 8000 to 10000 piece of money, most ATM don't filled at their peak capacity, but only at Replenishment Limit which already set up by the bank.
2.2. Methodology 2.2.1. Methodology used to collect data 1. Searching information through the internet by using reliable site Most of my information come from reliable source for business administration (such as Wikipedia and Investopedia) and government's site (such as Bank Mandiri and Bank Indonesia). 2. Asking the data directly to people who in charge for each data I got most of my quantitative data from person in PT Bank Mandiri Tbk and PT Usaha Gedung Mandiri. Since some data are confidential, the made up on indicate by underline. 2.2.2. Methodology used for data analysis 1. Causal/econometric forecasting methods 8
Some forecasting methods try to identify the underlying factors that might influence the variable that is being forecast. For example, including information about climate patterns might improve the ability of a model to predict umbrella sales. Forecasting models often take account of regular seasonal variations. In addition to climate, such variations can also be due to holidays and customs: for example, one might predict that sales of college football apparel will be higher during the football season than during the off season. Several informal methods used in causal forecasting do not employ strict algorithms, but instead use the judgment of the forecaster. Some forecasts take account of past relationships between variables: if one variable has, for example, been approximately linearly related to another for a long period of time, it may be appropriate to extrapolate such a relationship into the future, without necessarily understanding the reasons for the relationship. For this report, I simply add new number and forecast the outcome (whether it'll be more profitable or not) 2. Solver 9
A solver is a generic term indicating a piece of mathematical software, possibly in the form of a stand-alone computer program or as a software library, that 'solves' a mathematical problem. A solver takes problem descriptions in some sort of generic
form and calculate their solution. In a solver, the emphasis is on creating a program or library that can easily be applied to other problems of similar type. For this report, I use the one which already provided by microsoft excel
Date No Transit Amount of Insured (IDR) From To Delivered money ATM return money 8 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 11,000,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 10,330,300,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 9,100,000,000 IDR 2,703,050,000 9 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 9,100,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 3,703,050,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,200,000,000 IDR 2,314,800,000 10 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 9,700,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,314,800,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 9,000,000,000 IDR 2,611,800,000 11 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 12,000,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,611,800,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 8,900,000,000 IDR 2,060,300,000 12 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 32,000,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,160,300,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,950,000,000 IDR 3,422,500,000 13 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 0 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 0 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,600,000,000 IDR 3,995,800,000 14 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 0 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 0 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 10,100,000,000 IDR 2,281,950,000 15 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 12,000,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 9,750,250,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 10,300,000,000 IDR 3,191,350,000 16 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 10,500,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 3,991,350,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,200,000,000 IDR 2,562,700,000 17 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 10,500,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,562,700,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,000,000,000 IDR 2,993,650,000 18 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 11,500,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,993,650,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 10,500,000,000 IDR 2,847,800,000 19 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 30,000,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,847,800,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,900,000,000 IDR 2,841,350,000 20 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 0 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 0 IDR 0 12
Date No Transit Amount of Insured (IDR) From To Delivered money ATM return money 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,000,000,000 IDR 3,854,050,000 21 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 0 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 0 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 9,800,000,000 IDR 2,503,900,000 22 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 13,200,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 9,199,300,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 10,000,000,000 IDR 2,816,000,000 23 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 11,500,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,816,000,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,500,000,000 IDR 2,361,800,000 24 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 11,500,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,361,800,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,500,000,000 IDR 2,480,050,000 25 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 12,000,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,480,050,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,500,000,000 IDR 2,868,500,000 26 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 36,000,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 2,868,500,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 12,000,000,000 IDR 2,744,650,000 27 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 0 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 0 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 12,300,000,000 IDR 2,529,200,000 28 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 IDR 0 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 0 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 12,800,000,000 IDR 2,773,750,000 29 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 134 IDR 13,250,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 8,147,600,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 11,400,000,000 IDR 1,686,700,000 30 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 134 IDR 12,000,000,000 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 1,836,700,000 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 12,500,000,000 IDR 1,835,950,000 31 1 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 134 IDR 0 IDR 0 2 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 Bank Mandiri Jl.Asia Afrika IDR 0 IDR 0 3 CPC PT UGM Jl.Braga 133 ATM Bank Mandiri IDR 0 IDR 0
TOTAL
782,766,800,000 81,182,350,000
GRAND TOTAL
863,949,150,000
Daily average CIT
27,869,327,419 Table II-3 : CIT in month X 13
Since PT UGM must do 3 type of transit, total money of CIT must be bigger than replenishment money. Declaration letter of CIT insurance can be seen in appendix. Cash In Transit premium for several insurance company INSURANCE COMPANY PREMIUM Man-Mountain & Company LTD 1% Asuransi.biz 0.25% Berdikari Insurance 0.15% Asuransi Staco Mandiri 0.20% (made up) Table II-4 : CIT premium in month X For month X alone, Bank Mandiri Tbk has to pay IDR 1,727,898,300 as insurance premium. 2.3.3. Vendor PT Bank Mandiri Tbk use one of his subsidiary as a 3rd party. The name is PT Usaha Gedung Mandiri (abbreviate as PT UGM). PT UGM manage 99 ATM for month X, and their fee rate is Rp 2.395.455 per ATM per month. Which meant that PT UGM can receive up to Rp 237,150,045. This fee valid for 12 month, unless there'is any further announcement. For penalty itself, it depends on their performance. The calculation can be seen below:
Table II-5 : Penalty Note: 1. down time is the amount of time that ATM can't be use 2. up time is the amount of time that ATM can be use 14
Aside from up time and down time, vendor must maintain the idle cash number (left over cash / cash replenishment) is less than 25%. Vendor itself obligate to do replenishment about 12 times a month, or 2-3 times per week. If the number don't match, then: 1. Less than 12 meaning that the ATM maximum capacity must be reduce, or maybe displace the ATM at that area 2. More than 12 meaning that the ATM capacity must be increase, or maybe add new ATM at the same area This is the amount of replenishment been done by PT UGM at month X NO LOCATION Cash Replenishment Cash Left Over Idle Cash Replenish Time 1 BDG ID PT POS 3,100,000,000 750,150,000 24.20% 8 2 BDG RS BORROMEUS 2,750,000,000 407,150,000 14.81% 11 3 BDG SM PREMIER 2,650,000,000 796,650,000 30.06% 7 4 BDG MM SETIABUDI 1,900,000,000 452,900,000 23.84% 8 5 BDG TK TOGAMAS I 3,850,000,000 493,700,000 12.82% 10 6 BDG PR RUMDIN CIJAGRA 4,000,000,000 536,500,000 13.41% 10 7 BDG PEGADAIAN PUNGKUR 2,850,000,000 460,800,000 16.17% 11 8 BDG ITB 1,600,000,000 570,750,000 35.67% 4 9 BDG ELECTRONIC CTR3 4,000,000,000 1,082,600,000 27.07% 8 10 BDG ML BIP-1 2,800,000,000 1,106,800,000 39.53% 7 11 BDG ML BIP-2 4,800,000,000 987,200,000 20.57% 12 12 BDG TK GRAMEDIA 2,800,000,000 785,550,000 28.06% 7 13 BDG ELECTRONIC CTR2 3,600,000,000 1,151,750,000 31.99% 9 14 BDG ML BIP-3 3,200,000,000 773,550,000 24.17% 8 15 BDG ML BIP-4 2,800,000,000 767,000,000 27.39% 7 16 BDG SM YOGYA SUNDA 4,000,000,000 985,950,000 24.65% 10 17 BDG SC UNISBA 2,400,000,000 747,600,000 31.15% 6 18 BDG SM SUPERINDO DAGO 3,200,000,000 866,150,000 27.07% 8 19 BDG ML BEC 9,500,000,000 3,362,800,000 35.40% 12 20 BDG RIAU JUNCTION 4,400,000,000 1,152,600,000 26.20% 11 21 BDG HT SAVOY HOMANN 1,950,000,000 387,200,000 19.86% 8 22 BDG DUKOMSEL-1 4,300,000,000 1,115,400,000 25.94% 9 23 BDG DUKOMSEL-2 1,400,000,000 373,500,000 26.68% 6 24 BDG DUKOMSEL-3 500,000,000 199,000,000 39.80% 2 25 BDG PREMIER CIUMBULEUIT 3,200,000,000 1,036,500,000 32.39% 8 26 BDG CB MARTADINATA 7 3,750,000,000 1,181,500,000 31.51% 8 27 BDG PT STBA YAPARI 2,650,000,000 747,050,000 28.19% 7 28 BDG CB MARTADINATA 2 4,650,000,000 1,092,000,000 23.48% 10 15
Average 24.23% 9 Table II-6 : Replenishment and idle cash As we can see, the average number of idle cash is 24.23% and replenish time is 9. That number is still below the company standard, which indicate that the vendor already done a good job at month X 17
2.3.4. Over Night Rate Overnight rate for month X 12 is: Date Overnight (%) 1 Week (%) 1 Month (%) 3 Months (%) 6 Months (%) 12 Months (%) 1 4.1800 4.2800 4.5986 4.9000 5.1914 5.5000 2 4.1800 4.2800 4.5993 4.9000 5.1950 5.5000 3 4.1800 4.2800 4.5993 4.9000 5.1964 5.5000 4 4.1800 4.2800 4.5986 4.9000 5.1971 5.5000 5 4.1800 4.2800 4.5986 4.9000 5.1979 5.5000 8 4.1800 4.2800 4.5971 4.9000 5.1993 5.5000 9 4.1800 4.2800 4.5971 4.9000 5.1993 5.5000 10 4.1800 4.2800 4.5964 4.9000 5.1993 5.5000 11 4.1800 4.2800 4.5971 4.9000 5.1986 5.5000 12 4.1800 4.2800 4.5907 4.9000 5.1986 5.5000 15 4.1800 4.2800 4.5900 4.9000 5.1993 5.5000 16 4.1800 4.2800 4.5893 4.9000 5.1993 5.5000 17 4.1800 4.2800 4.5893 4.9000 5.1993 5.5000 18 4.1800 4.2800 4.5893 4.9000 5.1993 5.5000 19 4.1800 4.2800 4.5900 4.9000 5.1993 5.5000 22 4.1800 4.2800 4.5893 4.9000 5.2000 5.5000 23 4.1786 4.2800 4.5907 4.9000 5.2000 5.5000 24 4.1786 4.2800 4.5821 4.9000 5.2000 5.5000 25 4.1779 4.2800 4.5786 4.9000 5.2000 5.5000 26 4.1750 4.2786 4.5779 4.9000 5.2000 5.5000 29 4.1757 4.2800 4.5807 4.9000 5.2000 5.5000 30 4.1757 4.2800 4.5779 4.9000 5.2000 5.5000 Table II-7 : Overnight rate for month X Since the charge vary, I'll just use the average of overnight charge, which is 4.1792%. That number still must be divide into the number of working day at year 2013, which is around 243 days. 13 So, Bank Mandiri has to pay as much as: REPLENISHMENT PER MONTH OVERNIGHT CHARGE (%) OVERNIGHT CHARGE (IDR) 342,050,000,000 0.017198354% 58,826,970 Table II-8 : Overnight charge for month X 2.3.5. ATM Capacity Capacity for each ATM that PT UGM has to maintain is NO LOCATION Denom Replenishment Limit Average Replenishment Deviation 1 BDG ID PT POS 50,000 400,000,000 387,500,000 12,500,000
NO LOCATION Denom Replenishment Limit Average Replenishment Deviation 79 BDG GRIYA JOGYA UJUNG BERUNG 50,000 250,000,000 222,727,273 27,272,727 80 BDG BORMA TKI 50,000 250,000,000 226,923,077 23,076,923 81 BDG KK GATSU 50,000 400,000,000 375,000,000 25,000,000 82 BDG KK A. YANI 50,000 400,000,000 400,000,000 - 83 BDG SC ITB 50,000 400,000,000 400,000,000 - 84 BDG RS HASAN SADIKIN-2 100,000 600,000,000 518,181,818 81,818,182 85 BDG HT ASTON PASTEUR 50,000 250,000,000 240,000,000 10,000,000 86 BDG RS HASAN SADIKIN 50,000 250,000,000 240,000,000 10,000,000 87 BDG RSHS PARAHYANGAN 50,000 250,000,000 240,000,000 10,000,000 88 BDG RS BIOFARMA 50,000 300,000,000 257,692,308 42,307,692 89 BDG BD HUSEIN 50,000 250,000,000 400,000,000 (150,000,000) 90 BDG PAJAJARAN 6 50,000 250,000,000 250,000,000 - 91 BDG KCP PAJAJARAN-1 100,000 600,000,000 523,529,412 76,470,588 92 BDG KCP PAJAJARAN-2 50,000 300,000,000 245,000,000 55,000,000 93 BDG OC GEDUNG PTMB 50,000 250,000,000 246,428,571 3,571,429 94 BDG SC UNIKOM 50,000 250,000,000 231,250,000 18,750,000 95 BDG TK KARTIKA SARI DAGO 50,000 250,000,000 250,000,000 - 96 BDG ML GIANT H POINT PSTR 50,000 300,000,000 250,000,000 50,000,000 97 BDG RS CICENDO 50,000 300,000,000 230,769,231 69,230,769 98 BDG PASAR BARU 50,000 250,000,000 215,000,000 35,000,000 99 BDG INDOMART SRIWIJAYA 50,000 250,000,000 225,000,000 25,000,000 Table II-9 : ATM replenishment Limit Note: 1. Deviation is Replenishment Limit minus average replenishment 2. If deviation is close (or even) zero, it's a sign that the bank already put the right limit 3. If deviation is bigger than zero, bank might need to reduce their ATM limit 4. If deviation is smaller than zero, there must be a mistake in administration. Because I encounter that many ATM already approved to increase it limit, but vendor (as 3rd party) forget to renew their report. 2.3.6. Total Variable Cost For Month X Cash in Safe (premi) Cash in Transit (premi) Overnight Rate (charge) Vendor (fee) Total cost 2,595,728,475 1,727,898,300 58,826,970 237,150,045 4,619,603,790 Table II-10 : Total variable cost for month X 21
3. CHAPTER III BUSINESS SOLUTION
3.1. Proposed Solution At month X alone in 2013, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has to bear as much as Rp 4,619,603,790 as their variable cost. This cost is only to maintain 99 ATM in Bandung area. In all over the country, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has more than 10,000 ATM 14 . So the overall cost for operating all ATM in Indonesia can reach half trillion rupiah per month. This number must be reduced, therefore I propose several solution for it.
3.1.1. Reducing the need for paper money by using electronic money
Figure III-1 : E-Money and it predecessor We can't reduce the need of money, but transform the money form cash base into electronic base. This electronic cash is known as electronic money. Electronic money is understood to be a way of storing conventional money through electronic systems, as the original currency it was converted from, thus the value stays the same as the original currency. This differs to digital currency which varies in value and is trade able as a new currency and the worth of which will change over time. Electronic money is simply storing money online, without changing it otherwise. 15 This E-Money can only be used through EDC (Electronic Data Capture) machine 16 .
Figure III-2 : Electronic Data Capture This solution actually already implemented by PT Bank Mandiri Tbk 17 . But it still reach small amount of market. Which meant that there are still plenty amount of cash money out there. My proposed solution is more into socialize the use of E-Money. 3.1.2. Optimize the replenishment cycle by implementing new idle cash regulation According to month X, in average of 99 ATM that managed by PT UGM, 24.23% of money considered as idle cash. This number is smaller than the bank regulation (which is 25%). But remember, this 24.23% idle cash still has to be insurance. So we can say that 24.23% of our insurance (both CIS and CIT) money can be considered as a waste. My proposed solution is to reduce the amount of idle cash by implement new regulation for vendor. The new regulation is the vendor has to maintain below 10% idle cash, in exchange for increasing vendor fee. To reduce the variable cost, both E-Money and Optimization must be implemented together.
3.2. Practical Implication Each solution, even though can be run together at once, has different implication. Their practical implication are: 3.2.1. Reducing the need for paper money by using electronic money Changing from paper money into electronic money might has some implication for the user. As for the bank itself, they has to do some valuation first. Implication for both of them are: 1. For the bank itself, this solution will cost them a new investment. For producing the E-Money, EDC, and marketing. They need to do valuation for this investment, such valuation is beyond my responsibility as an intern. Presume that PT Bank Mandiri successfully transform all cash based money into electronic base, PT Bank Mandiri will not has to bear variable cost for operating the ATM machine (they'll save around half trillion rupiah a month). PT Bank Mandiri Tbk only has to bear variable cost to maintain the E-Money and EDC (which I believe is significantly lower than the cost of ATM) 2. For the money user, this solution will ease them for doing transaction. Since in conservative way, they must bring several cash for every transaction and recalculate the return (if there's any) after transaction. With E-Money, they only need to bring one simple card. 3.2.2. Optimize the replenishment cycle by implementing new idle cash regulation As we know, at month X, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has to put Rp 342,050,000,000 to replenish 99 ATM at a month, and amongst this number, as much as Rp 77,654,200,000 considered as idle cash. Which meant 22.7% of the replenishment is a waste (24.23% if we average the waste of each ATM). If we implement 10% idle cash regulation, total cost will be reduced as much as 31.36%. Implication for Idle cash regulation Before implementation After Implementation Different (%) 25% 10%
Save (IDR) - 1,448,881,773 Table III-1 : Variable cost before implementation
Tightening the idle cast (due to new regulation) will not be an easy task for vendor, because they need to give more effort to maintain the number. Because of this condition, I believe PT Bank Mandiri Tbk has to give more fee to encourage the vendor. For example, let say PT Bank Mandiri Tbk increase vendor fee into 100% (becoming Rp 4,790,910 per ATM per month) Implication for Idle cash regulation + Increasing Vendor Fee (100%) Before implementation After Implementation Different (%) 25% 10%
Save (IDR) - 1,211,731,728 Table III-2 : Variable cost after implementation According to these calculation, increasing vendor fee as much as 100% still reduce total cost for 26.23% or Rp 1,211,731,728 per 99ATMs per month.
3.3. Implementation Plan Each proposed solution have their own implementation, which is: 3.3.1. Reducing the need for paper money by using electronic money To do this, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk need to promote their E-Money program more intense (since they already launch it recently). Such promotion can be done through: 1. Brochure 2. Internet 3. Newspaper 4. Radio 5. Television Other than promotion, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk need to add more partnership with every business. Until today, PT Bank Mandiri already made partnership (for E-Money) with: 26
Figure III-3 : List of mandiri partner in E-Money application To add another partnership, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk already made some regulation for future partner, which is: 1. Business Profile The business must have return at least Rp 120 million/month 2. Account Already has an account in Bank Mandiri or willingly to open and account. This account must has at least Rp 30 million/month. 3. Infrastructure Already has a phone line. If they don't, they may use EDC GPRS and need to pay another charge for connection. 4. Credibility Not enlisted in MATCH (The Member Alert to Control High-risk Merchants) and DAMI (Daftar Alert Merchant Indonesia) from AKKI (Asosiasi Kartu Kredit Indonesia), and also not blacklisted by Bank Mandiri and Bank Indonesia 27
5. Administration and Payment Willingly to fulfill any requirement by Bank Mandiri and pay EDC charge Another marketing strategy such as discount for purchasing with E-Money can be implemented too. This strategy will encourage new customer to use E-Money instead of Cash. 3.3.2. Optimize the replenishment cycle by implementing new idle cash regulation To do this optimization, PT Bank Mandiri Tbk need to renew their contract with vendor. Because this strict regulation will burden the vendor. They might need more workforce and accommodation unit to fulfill the limit. Increasing their fee is the most reasonable solution to cover their increasing expense. 28
4. CHAPTER IV LESSONS LEARNED
4.1. Lesson learned from the Problem Solving This problem solving activity proven to be beneficial for me. It enrich me with several valuable lessons, which is: 1. Always come up with several ideas to solve the problem Sometime when we have a problem, we tend to pick only one solution. This is good, but actually, it'll be better if we come up with several at once. Because with several idea, we can make test the idea with pre assumption. This activity will lead us into getting the best idea for solving the problem.. 2. Several solutions can be use at once Relate to the first lesson, sometime we can practice several solutions at once. Especially if implementing both at once will hasten the solving process. 3. Always make comparison between before and after implementation of solutions This is mandatory for every proposed plan, because with this, we can imagine how much will we gain for implementing the solution.
4.2. Lesson learned from the internship program This report only consist my lesson about optimizing the variable cost from ATM operation. But of course that's not the only thing I learnt from internship program. There're several other things that I gain from the company, which is: 1. It's important to be friendly with everyone. Because when we're being close with people, they might tell several things that they'll probably not mentioning to us if we're not close to them. 2. I learnt about ATM design standard. This is important since ATM itself can act as branding for the company. It must be standardize with good design to ensure the good image from the user. 3. It's important to make clear boundaries between each responsibilities. For example, when bank give the money into the vendor. Each party must be realize that the responsibility already transferred from bank to vendor. So, every risk within that money, already vendor's. 29
4. Even if we put small money in small basket, if we do it with million basket, we have million money. This analogy made for base money that held on each card. 5. Workforce can be costly. That's why we need to reduce it from time to time. Implementing new system or technology is always proven as the best solution to reduce the workforce. 6. No matter what we will invest, never forget to calculate the breakeven point (BEP). Especially in term of erecting a new ATM 7. Always refer to standard operating procedure (SOP) 8. It's important to arrange the data, even the old one which probably will never be use in the future. 30
REFERENCES
asuransi.biz, 2014, Amount of Insurance Premium, cited July, 2014 from http://asuransi.biz/118/asuransi-cash-in-safe/ bankmandiri.co.id, 2014, Company Profile, cited July, 2014 from http://www.bankmandiri.co.id/english/corporate01/about_profile.asp bankmandiri.co.id, 2014, Mandiri E-Money , cited July, 2014 from http://www.bankmandiri.co.id/article/mandiri-prabayar.asp bankmandiri.co.id, 2014, Number of ATM in 2013 , cited July, 2014 from http://www.bankmandiri.co.id/corporate01/news-detail.asp?id=NHBK2703158 bankmandiri.co.id, 2014, Organization Structure , cited July, 2014 from http://ir.bankmandiri.co.id/phoenix.zhtml?c=146157&p=irol-structure bi.go.id, 2014, Overnight Charge , cited July, 2014 from www.bi.go.id/en/moneter/jibor/data- historis/Default.aspx illyriainsurance.com, 2014, Definition of Cash in Safe , cited July, 2014 from http://www.illyriainsurance.com/?page=2,94 investopedia.com, 2014, Definition of Overnight Rate , cited July, 2014 from www.investopedia.com/terms/o/overnightrate.asp investopedia.com, 2014, Variable Cost , cited July, 2014 from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/v/variablecost.asp investopedia.com, 2014,Definition of Premium , cited July, 2014 from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/premium.asp manmountainltd.com, 2014, Amount of Insurance Premium, cited July, 2014 from manmountainltd.com/insurance.asp?id=2 menpan.go.id, 2014, Number of Working Days in 2013 , cited July, 2014 from www.menpan.go.id/berita-terkini/681-tahun-2013-libur-nasional-14-hari-cuti-bersama- 5-hari wikipedia.org, 2014, Definition of Cash in Transit , cited July, 2014 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash-in-transit wikipedia.org, 2014, Definition of Causal or Econometric Forecasting Methods , cited July, 2014 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forecasting#Causal_.2F_econometric_forecasting_methods 31
wikipedia.org, 2014, Definition of Electronic Data Capture , cited July, 2014 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_data_capture wikipedia.org, 2014, Definition of Electronic Money , cited July, 2014 from en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_money wikipedia.org, 2014, Definition of Solver , cited July, 2014 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solver
32
APPENDIX
Appendix 1: Declaration of cash in safe insurance 33
Appendix 2: Declaration of cash in transit insurance