Hiroshima

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For other uses, see Hiroshima (disambiguation).
Hiroshima

Designated city
Hiroshima City
From top left:Hiroshima Castle, Baseball game of Hiroshima Toyo Carp in Hiroshima Municipal Baseball
Stadium, Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome), Night view of Ebisu-cho, Children's Peace
Monument
From top left:Hiroshima Castle, Baseball game of Hiroshima Toyo Carp in Hiroshima Municipal Baseball
Stadium, Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome), Night view of Ebisu-cho, Children's Peace
Monument
Flag of Hiroshima
Flag
Location of Hiroshima in Hiroshima Prefecture
Location of Hiroshima in Hiroshima Prefecture
Hiroshima is located in Japan HiroshimaHiroshima

Coordinates: 34237N 1322719ECoordinates: 34237N 1322719E
Country Japan
Region Chgoku (San'y)
Prefecture Hiroshima Prefecture
Government
Mayor Kazumi Matsui
Area
Total 905.01 km2 (349.43 sq mi)
Population (January 2010)
Total 1,173,980
Density 1,297.2/km2 (3,360/sq mi)
Time zone Japan Standard Time (UTC+9)
- Tree Camphor Laurel
- Flower Oleander
Phone number 082-245-2111
Address 1-6-34 Kokutaiji,
Naka-ku, Hiroshima-shi 730-8586
Website Hiroshima City
Hiroshima ( Hiroshima-shi?) (About this sound listen (helpinfo)) is the capital of Hiroshima
Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chgoku region of western Honshu, the largest island of Japan. It
is best known as the first city in history to be targeted by a nuclear weapon when the United States
Army Air Forces (USAAF) dropped an atomic bomb on it at 8:15 a.m. on August 6, 1945, near the end of
World War II.[1] The city's name, , means "Wide Island" in Japanese.

Hiroshima gained city status on April 1, 1889. On April 1, 1980, Hiroshima became a designated city.
Kazumi Matsui has been the city's mayor since April 2011.

Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Sengoku period (15891871)
1.2 Imperial period (18711939)
1.3 World War II and nuclear bombing (19391945)
1.4 Postwar period (1945present)
2 Geography
2.1 Climate
2.2 Wards
3 Demographics
4 Culture
4.1 Cuisine
4.2 Media
4.3 Education
5 International relations
5.1 Twin towns and sister cities
6 Further reading
7 See also
8 Notes
9 References
10 External links
History[edit]
Sengoku period (15891871)[edit]


Hiroshima Castle
Hiroshima was founded on the river delta coastline of the Seto Inland Sea in 1589 by the powerful
warlord Mri Terumoto, who made it his capital after leaving Kriyama Castle in Aki Province.[2][3]
Hiroshima Castle was quickly built, and in 1593 Terumoto moved in. Terumoto was on the losing side at
the Battle of Sekigahara. The winner, Tokugawa Ieyasu, deprived Mori Terumoto of most of his fiefs
including Hiroshima and gave Aki Province to Masanori Fukushima, a daimyo who had supported
Tokugawa.[4]

Imperial period (18711939)[edit]


Hiroshima Commercial Museum 1915


Map of Hiroshima City in the 1930s (Japanese edition)
After the han was abolished in 1871, the city became the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture. Hiroshima
became a major urban center during the imperial period as the Japanese economy shifted from
primarily rural to urban industries. During the 1870s, one of the seven government-sponsored English
language schools was established in Hiroshima.[5] Ujina Harbor was constructed through the efforts of
Hiroshima Governor Sadaaki Senda in the 1880s, allowing Hiroshima to become an important port city.

The Sanyo Railway was extended to Hiroshima in 1894, and a rail line from the main station to the
harbor was constructed for military transportation during the First Sino-Japanese War.[6] During that
war, the Japanese government moved temporarily to Hiroshima, and Emperor Meiji maintained his
headquarters at Hiroshima Castle from September 15, 1894 to April 27, 1895.[6] The significance of
Hiroshima for the Japanese government can be discerned from the fact that the first round of talks
between Chinese and Japanese representatives to end the Sino-Japanese War was held in Hiroshima
from February 1 to February 4, 1895.[7] New industrial plants, including cotton mills, were established in
Hiroshima in the late 19th century.[8] Further industrialization in Hiroshima was stimulated during the
Russo-Japanese War in 1904, which required development and production of military supplies. The
Hiroshima Prefectural Commercial Exhibition Hall was constructed in 1915 as a center for trade and
exhibition of new products. Later, its name was changed to Hiroshima Prefectural Product Exhibition
Hall, and again to Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial Promotion Hall.[9]

During World War I, Hiroshima became a focal point of military activity, as the Japanese government
entered the war on the Allied side. About 500 German prisoners of war were held in Ninoshima Island in
Hiroshima Bay.[10] The growth of Hiroshima as a city continued after the First World War, as the city
now attracted the attention of the Catholic Church, and on May 4, 1923, an Apostolic Vicar was
appointed for that city.[11]

World War II and nuclear bombing (19391945)[edit]
Main article: Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
During World War II, the 2nd General Army and Chugoku Regional Army were headquartered in
Hiroshima, and the Army Marine Headquarters was located at Ujina port. The city also had large depots
of military supplies, and was a key center for shipping.[12]

The bombing of Tokyo and other cities in Japan during World War II caused widespread destruction and
hundreds of thousands of deaths.[13] For example, Toyama, an urban area of 128,000, was nearly fully
destroyed, and incendiary attacks on Tokyo claimed the lives of 100,000 people. There were no such air
raids in Hiroshima. However, the threat was certainly there and to protect against potential
firebombings in Hiroshima, students (between 1114 years) were mobilized to demolish houses and
create firebreaks.[14]

On Monday, August 6, 1945, at 8:15 a.m., the nuclear bomb "Little Boy" was dropped on Hiroshima by
an American B-29 bomber, the Enola Gay, flown by Colonel Paul Tibbets,[15] directly killing an estimated
80,000 people. By the end of the year, injury and radiation brought total casualties to 90,000
140,000.[16] The population before the bombing was around 340,000 to 350,000. Approximately 69% of
the city's buildings were completely destroyed, and another 7% severely damaged.

The public release of film footage of the city post attack, and some of the Atomic Bomb Casualty
Commission research, about the human effects of the attack, was restricted during the occupation of
Japan, and much of this information was censored until the signing of the San Francisco Peace Treaty in
1951, restoring control to the Japanese.[17]

However, worldwide, only the most sensitive, and detailed weapons effects information was censored
following the bombing. There was no censorship of accounts written by survivors ("Hibakusha"). For
example, the book Hiroshima written by Pulitzer Prize winner John Hersey, was originally featured in
article form and published in the popular magazine The New Yorker,[18] on 31 August 1946. It is
reported to have reached Tokyo, in English, at least by January 1947 and the translated version was
released in Japan in 1949.[19] Despite the fact that the article was planned to be published over four
issues, "Hiroshima" made up the entire contents of one issue of the magazine.[20][21] Hiroshima
narrates the stories of six bomb survivors immediately prior to and for months after the dropping of the
Little Boy bomb.[18][22]

The oleander is the official flower of the city of Hiroshima because it was the first to bloom again after
the explosion of the nuclear bomb in 1945.[23]


Hiroshima after the bombing


Hiroshima aftermath
Postwar period (1945present)[edit]


Folded paper cranes representing prayers for peace and Sadako Sasaki
On September 17, 1945, Hiroshima was struck by the Makurazaki Typhoon (Typhoon Ida). Hiroshima
prefecture suffered more than 3,000 deaths and injuries, about half the national total.[24] More than
half the bridges in the city were destroyed, along with heavy damage to roads and railroads, further
devastating the city.[25]

Hiroshima was rebuilt after the war, with help from the national government through the Hiroshima
Peace Memorial City Construction Law passed in 1949. It provided financial assistance for
reconstruction, along with land donated that was previously owned by the national government and
used for military purposes.[26]



Atomic Bomb Dome by Jan Letzel and modern Hiroshima
In 1949, a design was selected for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. Hiroshima Prefectural Industrial
Promotion Hall, the closest surviving building to the location of the bomb's detonation, was designated
the Genbaku Dome () or "Atomic Dome", a part of the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park. The
Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum was opened in 1955 in the Peace Park.[27]

The peace park also contains a Peace Pagoda, built in 1966 by Nipponzan-Myhji. Uniquely, the pagoda
is made of steel, rather than the usual stone.[citation needed]

Hiroshima was proclaimed a City of Peace by the Japanese parliament in 1949, at the initiative of its
mayor, Shinzo Hamai (19051968). As a result, the city of Hiroshima received more international
attention as a desirable location for holding international conferences on peace as well as social issues.
As part of that effort, the Hiroshima Interpreters' and Guide's Association (HIGA) was established in
1992 in order to facilitate interpretation for conferences, and the Hiroshima Peace Institute was
established in 1998 within the Hiroshima University. The city government continues to advocate the
abolition of all nuclear weapons and the Mayor of Hiroshima is the president of Mayors for Peace, an
international mayoral organization mobilizing cities and citizens worldwide to abolish and eliminate
nuclear weapons by the year 2020.[28][29]

Geography[edit]
Hiroshima is situated on the ta River delta, on Hiroshima Bay, facing the Seto Inland Sea on its south
side. The river's six channels divide Hiroshima into several islets.

Climate[edit]
Hiroshima has a humid subtropical climate characterized by mild winters and hot humid summers. Like
much of the rest of Japan, Hiroshima experiences a seasonal temperature lag in summer, with August
rather than July being the warmest month of the year. Precipitation occurs year-round, although winter
is the driest season. Rainfall peaks in June and July, with August experiencing sunnier and drier
conditions.

[hide]Climate data for Hiroshima, Hiroshima (1981-2010)
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Year
Record high C (F) 18.8
(65.8) 21.5
(70.7) 23.7
(74.7) 29.0
(84.2) 31.5
(88.7) 34.4
(93.9) 38.7
(101.7) 37.9
(100.2) 36.9
(98.4) 31.2
(88.2) 26.3
(79.3) 22.3
(72.1) 38.7
(101.7)
Average high C (F) 9.7
(49.5) 10.6
(51.1) 14.0
(57.2) 19.7
(67.5) 24.1
(75.4) 27.2
(81) 30.8
(87.4) 32.5
(90.5) 29.0
(84.2) 23.4
(74.1) 17.4
(63.3) 12.3
(54.1) 20.9
(69.6)
Daily mean C (F) 5.2
(41.4) 6.0
(42.8) 9.1
(48.4) 14.7
(58.5) 19.3
(66.7) 23.0
(73.4) 27.1
(80.8) 28.2
(82.8) 24.4
(75.9) 18.3
(64.9) 12.5
(54.5) 7.5
(45.5) 16.3
(61.3)
Average low C (F) 1.7
(35.1) 2.1
(35.8) 4.8
(40.6) 9.9
(49.8) 14.7
(58.5) 19.4
(66.9) 23.8
(74.8) 24.8
(76.6) 20.8
(69.4) 14.2
(57.6) 8.5
(47.3) 3.7
(38.7) 12.4
(54.3)
Record low C (F) 8.5
(16.7) 8.3
(17.1) 7.2
(19) 1.4
(29.5) 1.8
(35.2) 6.6
(43.9) 14.1
(57.4) 13.7
(56.7) 8.6
(47.5) 1.5
(34.7) 2.6
(27.3) 8.6
(16.5) 8.6
(16.5)
Precipitation mm (inches) 44.6
(1.756) 66.6
(2.622) 123.9
(4.878) 141.7
(5.579) 177.6
(6.992) 247.0
(9.724) 258.6
(10.181) 110.8
(4.362) 169.5
(6.673) 87.9
(3.461) 68.2
(2.685) 41.2
(1.622) 1,537.6
(60.535)
Snowfall cm (inches) 5
(2) 4
(1.6) 1
(0.4) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 0
(0) 3
(1.2) 12
(4.7)
Avg. snowy days 8.7 7.1 2.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
0.2 4.5 23.1
% humidity 68 67 64 63 66 72 74 71 70 68 69
69 68
Mean monthly sunshine hours 137.2 139.7 169.0 190.1 206.2 161.4 179.5 211.2 165.3
181.8 151.6 149.4 2,042.3
Source: [30]
Wards[edit]
Hiroshima has eight wards (ku):

Ward Population Area (km) Density
(per km) Map
Aki-ku 78,176 94.01 832 Hiroshima wards.png
Asakita-ku 156,368 353.35 443
Asaminami-ku 220,351 117.19 1,880
Higashi-ku 122,045 39.38 3,099
Minami-ku 138,138 26.09 5,295
Naka-ku
(administrative center) 125,208 15.34 8,162
Nishi-ku 184,881 35.67 5,183
Saeki-ku 135,789 223.98 606
Population as of October 31, 2006
Demographics[edit]


Hondri shopping arcade in Hiroshima
As of 2006, the city has an estimated population of 1,154,391, while the total population for the
metropolitan area was estimated as 2,043,788 in 2000.[31] The total area of the city is 905.08 square
kilometres (349.45 sq mi), with a population density of 1275.4 persons per km.[32]

The population around 1910 was 143,000.[33] Before World War II, Hiroshima's population had grown
to 360,000, and peaked at 419,182 in 1942.[32] Following the atomic bombing in 1945, the population
dropped to 137,197.[32] By 1955, the city's population had returned to pre-war levels.[34]

Culture[edit]


Shukkei-en
Hiroshima has a professional symphony orchestra, which has performed at Wel City Hiroshima since
1963.[35] There are also many museums in Hiroshima, including the Hiroshima Peace Memorial
Museum, along with several art museums. The Hiroshima Museum of Art, which has a large collection of
French renaissance art, opened in 1978. The Hiroshima Prefectural Art Museum opened in 1968, and is
located near Shukkei-en gardens. The Hiroshima City Museum of Contemporary Art, which opened in
1989, is located near Hijiyama Park. Festivals include Hiroshima Flower Festival and Hiroshima
International Animation Festival.

Hiroshima Peace Memorial Park, which includes the Hiroshima Peace Memorial, draws many visitors
from around the world, especially for the Hiroshima Peace Memorial Ceremony, an annual
commemoration held on the date of the atomic bombing. The park also contains a large collection of
monuments, including the Children's Peace Monument, the Hiroshima National Peace Memorial Hall for
the Atomic Bomb Victims and many others.

Hiroshima's rebuilt castle (nicknamed Rij, meaning Koi Castle) houses a museum of life in the Edo
period. Hiroshima Gokoku Shrine is within the walls of the castle. Other attractions in Hiroshima include
Shukkei-en, Fudin, Mitaki-dera, and Hijiyama Park.

Cuisine[edit]


A man prepares okonomiyaki in a restaurant in Hiroshima
Hiroshima is known for okonomiyaki, cooked on a hot-plate (usually in front of the customer). It is
cooked with various ingredients, which are layered rather than mixed together as done with the Osaka
version of okonomiyaki. The layers are typically egg, cabbage, bean sprouts (moyashi), sliced pork/bacon
with optional items (mayonnaise, fried squid, octopus, cheese, mochi, kimchi, etc.), and noodles (soba,
udon) topped with another layer of egg and a generous dollop of okonomiyaki sauce (Carp and Otafuku
are two popular brands). The amount of cabbage used is usually 3 to 4 times the amount used in the
Osaka style, therefore arguably a healthier version. It starts out piled very high and is generally pushed
down as the cabbage cooks. The order of the layers may vary slightly depending on the chef's style and
preference, and ingredients will vary depending on the preference of the customer.

Media[edit]
The Chugoku Shimbun is the local newspaper serving Hiroshima. It publishes both morning paper and
evening editions. Television stations include Hiroshima Home Television, Hiroshima TV, TV
Shinhiroshima, and the RCC Broadcasting Company. Radio stations include Hiroshima FM, Chugoku
Communication Network, FM Fukuyama, FM Nanami, and Onomichi FM. Hiroshima is also served by
NHK, Japan's public broadcaster, with television and radio broadcasting.

Education[edit]


Satake Memorial Hall at Hiroshima University
Hiroshima University was established in 1949, as part of a national restructuring of the education
system. One national university was set up in each prefecture, including Hiroshima University, which
combined eight existing institutions (Hiroshima University of Literature and Science, Hiroshima School of
Secondary Education, Hiroshima School of Education, Hiroshima Women's School of Secondary
Education, Hiroshima School of Education for Youth, Hiroshima Higher School, Hiroshima Higher
Technical School, and Hiroshima Municipal Higher Technical School), with the Hiroshima Prefectural
Medical College added in 1953.[36]

International relations[edit]
See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Japan
Twin towns and sister cities[edit]
Hiroshima has six overseas sister cities:[37]

United States Honolulu, United States (1959)
Russia Volgograd, Russia (1972)[38]
Germany Hanover, Germany (1983)[39]
China Chongqing, People's Republic of China (1986)
South Korea Daegu, South Korea (1997)
Canada Montreal, Canada (1998)
Within Japan, Hiroshima has a similar relationship with Nagasaki.

Further reading[edit]
Pacific War Research Society, Japan's Longest Day (Kodansha, 2002, ISBN 4-7700-2887-3), the internal
Japanese account of the surrender and how it was almost thwarted by fanatic soldiers who attempted a
coup against the Emperor.
Richard B. Frank, Downfall: The End of the Imperial Japanese Empire (Penguin, 2001 ISBN 0-14-100146-
1)
Robert Jungk, Children of the Ashes, 1st Eng. ed. 1961[40]
Gar Alperovitz, The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb, ISBN 0-679-76285-X
John Hersey, Hiroshima, ISBN 0-679-72103-7
Michihiko Hachiya, Hiroshima Diary: The Journal of a Japanese Physician, August 6 - September 30, 1945
(Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1955), since reprinted.
Masuji Ibuse, Black Rain, ISBN 0-87011-364-X
Tamiki Hara, Summer Flowers ISBN 0-691-00837-X
Robert Jay Lifton Death in life: The survivors of Hiroshima, Weidenfeld & Nicolson 1st edition (1968)
ISBN 0-297-76466-7
See also[edit]
Portal icon Japan portal
Barefoot Gen
Kokura
Masaharu Morimoto
Nagasaki
Yko ta, author of several works of Atomic bomb literature
Perfume, a pop group from Hiroshima
Sadako Kurihara
Sadako Sasaki (19431955)
Town of Evening Calm, Country of Cherry Blossoms
Yoshito Matsushige
Cultural treatments of the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Notes[edit]
Jump up ^ Hakim, Joy (1995). A History of Us: War, Peace and all that Jazz. New York: Oxford University
Press. ISBN 0-19-509514-6.
Jump up ^ "The Origin of Hiroshima". Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation. Archived from the original
on 2008-01-30. Retrieved 2007-08-17.
Jump up ^ Scott O'Bryan (2009). "Hiroshima: History, City, Event". About Japan: A Teacher's Resource.
Retrieved 2010-03-14.
Jump up ^ Kosaikai, Yoshiteru (2007). "History of Hiroshima". Hiroshima Peace Reader. Hiroshima Peace
Culture Foundation.
Jump up ^ Bingham (US Legation in Tokyo) to Fish (US Department of State), September 20, 1876, in
Papers relating to the foreign relations of the United States, transmitted to congress, with the annual
message of the president, December 4, 1876, p. 384
^ Jump up to: a b Kosakai, Hiroshima Peace Reader
Jump up ^ Dun (US Legation in Tokyo) to Gresham, February 4, 1895, in Foreign relations of United
States, 1894, Appendix I, p. 97
Jump up ^ Jacobs, Norman (1958). The Origin of Modern Capitalism and Eastern Asia. Hong Kong
University. p. 51.
Jump up ^ Sanko (1998). Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome). The City of Hiroshima and the
Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation.
Jump up ^ [1]
Jump up ^ David M. Cheney (2011-05-21). "Diocese of Hiroshima". Catholic-hierarchy.org. Retrieved
2011-06-13.
Jump up ^ United States Strategic Bombing Survey (June 1946). "U. S. Strategic Bombing Survey: The
Effects of the Atomic Bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki". nuclearfiles.org. Archived from the original
on 2004-10-11. Retrieved 2009-07-26.
Jump up ^ Pape, Robert (1996). Bombing to Win: Airpower and Coercion in War. Cornell University
Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-8014-8311-0.
Jump up ^ "Japan in the Modern Age and Hiroshima as a Military City". The Chugoku Shimbun. Retrieved
2007-08-19.
Jump up ^ The Atomic Bombing of Hiroshima, U.S. Department of Energy, Office of History and Heritage
Resources.
Jump up ^ "Frequently Asked Questions - Radiation Effects Research Foundation". Rerf.or.jp. Retrieved
2011-07-29.
Jump up ^ Ishikawa and Swain (1981), p. 5
^ Jump up to: a b Roger Angell, From the Archives, "HERSEY AND HISTORY", The New Yorker, July 31,
1995, p. 66.
Jump up ^ http://www.japantimes.co.jp/culture/2009/08/16/books/the-pure-horror-of-
hiroshima/#.UdhVsfnVDTc The pure horror of Hiroshima, published in Japantimes BY DONALD RICHIE.
Jump up ^ Sharp, "From Yellow Peril to Japanese Wasteland: John Hersey's 'Hiroshima'", Twentieth
Century Literature 46 (2000): 434-452, accessed March 15, 2012.
Jump up ^ Jon Michaub, "EIGHTY-FIVE FROM THE ARCHIVE: JOHN HERSEY" The New Yorker, June 8,
2010, np.
Jump up ^ John Hersey, Hiroshima (New York: Random House, 1989).
Jump up ^ " ". Retrieved 2012-07-15.
Jump up ^ Makurazaki Typhoon
Jump up ^ Ishikawa and also Swain (1981), p. 6
Jump up ^ "Peace Memorial City, Hiroshima". Hiroshima Peace Culture Foundation. Archived from the
original on 2008-02-06. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
Jump up ^ "Fifty Years for the Peace Memorial Museum". Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum.
Retrieved 2007-08-17.
Jump up ^ "Surviving the Atomic Attack on Hiroshima, 1944". Eyewitnesstohistory.com. 1945-08-06.
Retrieved 2009-07-17.
Jump up ^ "Library: Media Gallery: Video Files: Rare film documents devastation at Hiroshima". Nuclear
Files. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
Jump up ^ " / ". Japan Meteorological Agency.
Jump up ^ "Population of Japan, Table 92". Statistics Bureau. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
^ Jump up to: a b c "2006 Statistical Profile". The City of Hiroshima. Archived from the original on 2008-
02-06. Retrieved 2007-08-14.
Jump up ^ Terry, Thomas Philip (1914). Terry's Japanese Empire. Houghton Mifflin Co. p. 640.
Jump up ^ de Rham-Azimi, Nassrine, Matt Fuller, and Hiroko Nakayama (2003). Post-conflict
Reconstruction in Japan, Republic of Korea, Vietnam, Cambodia, East Timor. United Nations
Publications. p. 69.
Jump up ^ "Wel City Hiroshima". Wel-hknk.com. Retrieved 2011-06-13.
Jump up ^ "History of Hiroshima University". Hiroshima University. Retrieved 2007-06-25.
Jump up ^ "Introduction to our Sister and Friendship Cities". City.hiroshima.jp. Retrieved 2010-05-10.
Jump up ^ "Friendly relationship at Official website of Volgograd". Volgadmin.ru. 1994-12-01. Retrieved
2011-06-13.
Jump up ^ "Hanover - Twin Towns" (in German). 2007-2009 Hanover.de - Offizielles Portal der
Landeshauptstadt und der Region Hannover in Zusammenarbeit mit hier.de. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
Jump up ^ Gyanpedia.in[dead link]
References[edit]
Ishikawa, Eisei, David L. Swain (1981). Hiroshima and Nagasaki: The Physical, Medical, and Social Effects
of the Atomic Bombings. Basic Books.
Kowner, Rotem (2002). "Hiroshima". In M. Ember & C. Ember (eds.). Encyclopedia of Urban Cultures
(Vol. II). Grolier. pp. 341348. ISBN 0-7172-5698-7.
External links[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hiroshima.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Hiroshima.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hiroshima in ruins.
Wikisource has the text of the 1905 New International Encyclopedia article Hiroshima.
Hiroshima City official website (Japanese)
Hiroshima City official website (English)
Hiroshima before and after atomic bombing - interactive aerial maps
Hiroshima atomic bomb damage - interactive aerial map
Peter Rance's 1951 Hiroshima Photographs at the Wayback Machine (archived November 12, 2007)
City Mayors article
CBC Digital Archives - Shadows of Hiroshima
Hiroshima Map - interactive with points of interest
BBC World Service BBC Witness programme interviews a schoolgirl who survived the bomb
[show] v t e
Shadow picture of Hiroshima prefecture.pngHiroshima Prefecture
[show] v t e
Metropolitan cities of Japan
[show] v t e
Lists of nuclear disasters and radioactive incidents
[show] v t e
Host cities of Asian Games
Categories: HiroshimaCities in Hiroshima PrefectureAtomic bombings of Hiroshima and
NagasakiPopulated places established in 1589Port settlements in JapanPopulated coastal places in
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