Components Function

Sensors It can be said that, sensors acts as a converter which converts physical
quantity into a form of signal that can be read by an observer or an
electrical device. There are many types of sensors available in the
market. In our group assignment, we are more interested in the
infrared based sensor to detect the trays in the system. For the
sensors we have decided to make use of Seco-Larm Enforcer Reflective
Beam Sensor with Round Reflector. It is easy to install and comes
together with mounting hardware [1]. Another plus point of this
particular sensor is that it will be ideal to be used in the cheese cake
manufacturing factory as it will be weather proof for both indoor and
outdoor usage

[1]. Even better, this sensor has the function of
adjusting response and sensing range as needed in our process [1].
PLC PLC stands for Programmable Logic Controller. In simpler words,
Advanced MicroControls stated in [2] that PLC is a digital computer
used in industrial electromechanical process such as factory assembly
lines of this group assignment. Most PLC was designed for multiple
analogue and digital inputs and outputs. Inside the PLC there are
Relays. Relays main function is to act as switches that open and close
circuits electromechanically or electronically. We have to understand
both the how normally open (NO) and normally close (NC) works. For
example when relay contact is NO, there is an open contact when the
relay is not energized. Where else when the relay contact is NC, there
is a closed contact when the relay is not energized. At both conditions,
applying an electrical current to the contacts would change their state.
We have decided to make use of the Mitsubishis product modelled
QJ71MES96 [3].
Conveyor Conveyor belt acts as the main carrying medium in a belt conveyor
system that is widely used in the industry today. Our main for
transporting or moving the cheese cake would be this conveyor. This
mechanism will be very vital as it can cut down the previous workers
necessity. For the cover of the belt, it will require a rubber based
non-toxic material for better traction so that the transported materials
does not slip or slide off then going up or going down an incline during
the process [4].
Stepper Motor According to Advance Micro Systems in [5], a stepper motor works as a
brushless DC electric motor. Its main application is that, it divides a full
rotation into a number of equal steps. By this the motors position will
be commanded to move and hold without any feedback sensors. This
type of Stepper Motor is widely used in the Manufacturing industry
and the holding and positioning during the processes are very vital to
produce the products with good qualities and minimal defects.
Relay A simple definition of a relay is that, its an electrically operated
switch. In most cases relay will be utilised in terms of controlling a
circuit by using a low power signal or multiple circuits controlled with a
similar signal. In the application scenarios, the relay will be used to
amplify a digital signal or another where it switches a large amount of
power with a smaller operating power.
Pump The pump will help to move the ingredients smoothly along the valve
to the respective baking trays.

Timer A timer works as the electronic component which helps to conduct
certain process in a specific time intervals as required. In this way we
can specify the time for first process to start and then the proceeding
step to take its turn.
Valve The main function of valve is to act as an opening to evenly distribute
the cupcake ingredients into appropriate baking trays or appliance.
Wiring Diagram of Proposed System



X1
X0 Y0
Y1
Sensor 1
(Normally Open)
INPUTS
Conveyor motor 1

OUTPUTS













Figure: Wiring diagram of proposed system
X2
X3
X4
X5
Y2
Y3
Y4
Y5
Y6
X6
Sensor 2
(Normally Open)
Sensor 3
(Normally Open)
Level Sensor 1
(Normally Close)
Level Sensor 2
(Normally Open)
Start switch
(Normally Open)
Stop switch
(Normally Open)
Conveyor motor 2

Conveyor motor 3

Pump
(mixing purpose)

Dispenser
(dispenses mixtures)

Timer 0

Timer 1