Dr.

Mennito sez
Hey Mo, learnm bout
dental tools today!
- Thomas Carlyle
Man is a tool using animal.
Nowhere do you find him without tools;
Without tools he is nothing, with tools he is all.
2 Lectures
used in dentistry
hand
rotary
Dr. A. F. Peete
St. George, SC
late 19th century
Single-ended
Double-ended
Carbon 1.0 - 1.2%
Manganese 0.2%
Silicon 0.2%
Iron 98.4 - 98.6%
Carbon 0.6 - 1.0%
Chromium 18%
Iron 81 - 81.4%
*
1930s
Chisel of stainless steel with carbide insert
to produce the cutting edge.
Carbide - an intermetallic compound
of carbon and another material
Tungsten carbide - used in cutting instruments (blades)
Silicon carbide - used as abrasives
Annealing
Hardening
Tempering
- 3 basic & sequential steps
Annealing reduces the steel to its extreme degree of softness. The
metal is heated to a dull redness and cooled slowly. A greater degree
of softness is produced by excluding the atmosphere by covering it
and allowing it to cool slowly. Annealing relieves strains and makes
the metal as ductile as possible for machining and shaping.
Main Entry: ductile
Pronunciation: ' d&k- t &l , - "t I l
Function: adjective
Etymology: Middle French & Latin; Middle French, from Latin ductilis, from ducere
1 : capable of being drawn out or hammered thin <ductile iron>
2 : easily led or influenced
3 : capable of being fashioned into a new form
synonym see PLASTIC
-ductility /"d&k- ' t i - l &- t E/ noun
The metal is then hardened to its limit by heating it to a full cherry-red color
which allows the carbon to freely migrate through-out the piece
and plunging it immediately into cold water. In this state it is extremely
brittle. The more carbon present, the harder and more brittle it becomes.
Note: Gold casting alloy is hardened by slow bench
cooling and annelled (softened) by quenching a hot
casting in water.
The relief of strains produced by the hardening process to an
extent needed for a particular tool (varies). Tempered steel is less brittle.
This is accomplished by reheating to a lower temperature (than for
hardening) and plunging it into cold water, oil, or mercury.
Temperature abuse of hand instruments
will alter the original properties of the alloy
and make the instrument unserviceable
for the intended purpose.
Dont flame a cutting/carving instrument because
you will destroy its cutting ability and toughness.
4 Parts Of A Hand Cutting Instrument
Handle (shaft)
Shank
Blade (or nib)
Cutting Edge (or face in the case of a nib)
blade
(nib)
shank handle
Face (2)
Secondary
Cutting edge
Secondary
Cutting
edge
side
bevel
end
bevel
primary
cutting
edge
Likewise with a spoon excavator !
The Good, the Bad and the Ugly:
Proper and Improper End Bevels
Cutting edge
Angle of the bevel
inefficient
efficient
and
durable
efficient
but
not durable
- a small pointed or projecting part
but without a blade or cutting edge
Examples in instruments we use:
amalgam condensers
burnishers
plastic instruments
Blade turned 90
Descriptive Instrument Names
Patients Dont Like . . .
Cutting edge >2mm. From long axis of handle
Design Physics
Good !
Straight - no angle
Monangle - one angle
Binangle - two angles
Triple angle - three angles
curved
15-8-12
G.V. Blacks Instrument Numbering Formula
Enamel Hatchet: 15-8-12
15 = width of blade
(tenths of mm.)
8 = length of blade
(mm)
12 = angle of blade
from long axis
of handle
centigrade !
Hes Watching You!
Astronomical scale Centigrade scale
Measuring
Angle of cutting edge
Measuring
Angle of blade
14
15 - - 8 - 12
Instruments with four numbers
Primary cutting edge is
NOT 90 to blade.
Angle of primary cutting edge (centigrade )
placed in second position.
95
margin trimmers & angle formers
distal margin trimmer
Mesial Margin Trimmer
less than
90
more than
90
mesial margin trimmer
80
90
Unsupported enamel
c. 20
Margin Trimmer In Action
Explorer 23-17
Exam Pack
mirror
explorer
perio probe
Cone Socket Front-Surface Mirror
EVIL Rear Surface Mirrors
Spoon Excavator
Binangle Chisel
2 angles
1
2
Curved Chisel (Wedelstaedt)
What is it?
1 2
3
Triple Angle Hoe
fair material for testing.!
Palm & Thumb
with finger rest !
with finger rest !
uh-oh!
Questions about hand instruments?