PANITIA BIOLOGI SMK JALAN TASEK 2014

7.2 THE RESPIRATORY STRUCTURES AND BREATHING MECHANISM IN HUMAN

Respiratory Structures and Adaptations
1. The respiratory surface is a site where the oxygen diffuse into the body and carbon dioxide
diffuse out the body. The exchange of respiratory gases occur at respiratory surface.
2. To increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange, the adaptation of the respiratory surface
are:

T.......................................................................................................................

M......................................................................................................................

L.......................................................................................................................

3. Different respiratory structure and its respiratory surface

Organism
Protozoa
Insects
Fish
Respiratory None
T
G
Structure
Respiratory P
T
Surface

Amphibians

Humans

a. Gaseous exchange occurs over the whole plasma membrane of an Amoeba sp

P:
Q:

the pathway of _________ diffusion

the pathway of __________________ being eliminated
i.

The respiratory surface for Amoeba sp. is the entire _____________________

membrane.

ii. Due to s................... in size, It has a _________________ surface area per unit volume
of the body, therefore ____________ alone is sufficient to transport gases into and out
of the body.
iii. Movement of the respiratory gases into and out of the cell through plasma membrane
by the process of .....................................

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Respiratory structure in Insect

i.

The respiratory system of insects is known as the ..................... system, which is

composed of air tubes called .............................

ii.

Air enters the tracheae through s................ which have v.................... The function
of valve to control the opening and closing of spiracle

iii.

The trachea is reinforced with rings of c.................. to prevent it from c......................

iv.

The tracheae branches into ............................ which provide a large surface area for
the d.......................of gases. The tips of tracheoles have t.........................,
permeable walls and contain fluid which respiratory can d.............................

v.

The c........................... and r..............................of the a..................................muscle

will change the volume and p..................... in abdomen.This causes the movement
of air through the s.......................

Respiratory structure of fish

1. Respiratory structure is g.............................
2.

Each gill is composed of ________ which have numerous thin walled ________ that
have a rich supply of ____________________.

3. G.............. .................. is the respiratory surface.

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The structural adaptation of the gills for efficiency of gaseous exchange
Structure

Functions

The breathing mechanism and gases Exchange of Fish

1. When the ...................... ....................... is lowered, .......................... in buccal cavity
.................................
2. Water is dissolved o...................... drawn into the m................. Water flow through the
l............................ and gaseous exchange between the b...................... c..................
and w.................... occur.
3. Oxygen diffuses from the flowing water through the g........... l......................into
b.............c.....................
4. C................... .............................. diffuses from the blood capillaries via the gill lamellae
into flowing water.
5. The efficiency of gaseous exchange is further enhanced by the c.....................
c....................... exchange mechanism whereby the direction of blood flow in the
capillaries of lamellae o........................ water flow.
Respiratory Structure Of Amphibian
1. Respiratory surface is mainly through the s...................., b..................... c................... and
l......................

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2. Adaptation of the skin to efficient the gaseous exchange
Structure

Functions

3. Adaptation of the lung to efficient the gaseous exchange

Structure

Functions