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Assignment: Justice in the context of Economic Globalization

Justice, Peace and the Integrity of Creation


Introduction: Globalization sounds as a modern phenomenon but bringing whole world as a
global village is a time immemorial concept by various rulers, dictators and religions. It is
also understood in various ways both as emancipatory and oppressive in various contexts.
Presently Globalization in the post globalized era is understood in various categories cultural,
political and economic Globalization.
1
Mohan Razu says that Globalization means dierent
things to dierent people. It is complete surrender o economic autonomy, political
sovereignty, social identity and cultural plurality to the dominant and hegemonic orces or
the temporary gains. It is interpreted as genuine oikumene and vasudhaiva kutumbakam
sometime ago but when a member o the amily dominates others and how all the members
could realize the e!uality.
"

Economic Globalization: #elena $orberg rom the International %ociety o ecology and
&ulture deines that 'conomic Globalization should not be conused with the idea o cultural
exchange or international collaboration and solidarity( it is Government removing restrictions
on international capital lows and trade. It also avours the multi and transnational
corporations. International trade is deregulated and millions o small producers and local and
national wide business gets aected badly.
)
*ue to the technological developments in the world in areas o transport, communication and
production economic globalization emerged. +he role o internet made the ban,ing,
investment and inormation easier than ever beore. Inormation technology had greatly
helped the ban,ing and trade internationally.
-
1
.ran, /. 0echner and /ohn 1oli, eds., The Globalization Reader, 23ustralia4 1lac,well Publishing, "5556, 1.
2
I. /ohn Mohan Razu, 7Globalization, +$&s and 'xploitation o the Poor8 +he &ase o 0ess *eveloped
&ountries9, in Globalization, A Challenge to the Church, 'dited by P. /egadish and George &heriyan, 2$agpur4
$ational &ouncil o &hurches in India8:rban Rural Mission, 1;;<6, "=.
3
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, Alternatives To Economic Globalization 20ondon > $ew ?or,4 @'* 1oo,s,
"55)6, 1A.
4
Engaging Economic Globalization as a Communion, A Working Paper o The !utheran World "ederation,
2Geneva4 +he 0utheran Borld .ederation, "5516, =. 'conomic globalization ma,es enormous amounts o
inancial investments to low across the globe with ease. Institutions li,e Borld 1an,, International Monetary
.und have possessed power to inluence lives o billions o people across the globe through %tructural
3dCustment programmes. 'conomic Globalization ma,es the nations to see all economic aairs o the %tate
with its lens. 'conomic gain becomes important and it is individual oriented. Individual goals are centered on
wealth, power, ownership and control o inance.
1
0B. mentions the strategies o 'G are 7'conomic growth becomes top priority over all the
social goods, ree mar,et economy to low capital and investments, increasing privatization,
reducing the power o government over economic activity, producing or export than or local
use, see,ing short economic gains at the expense o long term social well being and
environmental sustainability9.
D
George Gelber says that 'conomic globalization creates
winners and losers. It is similar to the Cungle rule survival o the ittest. People who are up to
the standards o mar,et in education, wealth and resources can survive and the others are
neglected and subCected to abCect poverty.
A
$elcia Marshal8Robinson says that it is not a level
playing ield or all the countries. +he countries li,e small islands in the &aribbean are
vulnerable in terms o geographical area, environment, and natural disasters. #e urther says
that during the slave trade period these so called developed countries were beneited through
the slave trade and now through the cheap labour. BomenEs labour in the global south is
exploited by the global north in terms o wages.
=

Economic Globalization and Rule of o!erful: 1alasuriya says that, due to economic
globalization +ransactional &orporations have monopolized resources, means o production,
mar,ets and media channels. +he whole system is in the control o elite, capitalistic,
competitive and exploitative orces.
<
/ohn Madeley says that economic globalization is not
Cust trade liberalization, it has resulted because o ree trade and it is a powerul mix o
liberalization and corporate protection. +ransnational companies will enCoy the beneits and
treats the whole world as a single mar,et. 'conomic Globalization protects their trade
interests and patents.
;
#e urther says that it is a single agenda and mirror image o global
communism. &orporations get immense powers to control the mar,et and countries and it is
nothing but going bac, into colonization.
15

+he international ban,ing irms have got enormous amounts o power on ban,ing and
inancial matters o the people. 3t the same time the human rights and labour rights are not
given priority. *ue to the emerging trends and changes in the global economy problems li,e
unemployment, migration, poverty, are raising. People are with no power to resist against this
structural inCustice. +he international agencies li,e Borld 1an, decide our expenditure and
5
Engaging Economic Globalization as a Communion, A Working Paper o The !utheran World "ederation, <.
6
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, -;.
7
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, D5.
8
+issa 1alsuriya, 7Recolonization and *ebt &risis9, in Globalization, A Challenge to the Church, 'dited by P.
/egadish and George &heriyan, 2$agpur4 $ational &ouncil o &hurches in India8:rban Rural Mission, 1;;<6, <.
9
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, =.
10
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, <.
2
budget on our service sector li,e health, agriculture and education. +his robs the rights o
people and pushes them into helpless condition.
11
Economic Globalization and lose of Go"ernment Po!er: Governments will lose its
authority and control over the mar,et and inances in the long run and the Mar,et 2&apitalist
orces6 will handle the economy. Bith the motive o high production and high earnings the
natural resources are misused and over consumed.
1"
'conomic globalization is a top down
approach and it aects everyone in it. 3 decision ta,en in 0ondon or Bashington in terms o
employment, wages, disinvestment or prices hi,e will aect all the countries which were
subscribed to it. +he local governments will lose much o its control over the private business
sector and the mar,et. +he poor and the vulnerable communities will ace its grunt.
1)
Balden
1ello o Phillipines deines 'conomic Globalization as the independent national economies
will be eliminated and becomes an integrated economy. +his will happen through trade and
inancial liberalization and by giving reedom to capital to invest in production in dierent
countries.
1-
Economic Globalization and Caitalism: Fandana %hiva rightly points out that economic
globalization is a new orm o colonialism. It is all about economy and or the avour o the
multi and transnational companies. It is not the solidarity based integration o world
community but it is only a corporate driven aair, there is nothing good coming or ecology
in it.
1D
It generates greed in human beings towards riches and or wants. +his greed will never
be satisied or accumulating riches and or buying and consuming goods. *ue to this greed
the renewable resources will start to deplete. 3 consumerist attitude develops in the minds o
human beings( they are broadly divided into users and producers. +he mar,et ma,es
individuals to buy things beyond their need or the sa,e o status symbol, or the oers that
are available 2'.g. buy two get one ree6. +here are no morals and ethics in the economic
globalization only proits and gains.
1A

Economic Globalization and #ide effects
11
.ran, /. 0echner and /ohn 1oli, eds., The Globalization Reader, 1<<8<;.
12
+issa 1alsuriya, 7Recolonization and *ebt &risis9, ;.
13
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, D".
14
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, 1<.
15
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, "5.
16
Indu,uri /ohn Mohan Razu, #oom #ubbles $ #urst, Capitalism "alling b% its Contradictions, 21angalore4
&andid Publications, "51"6, )<. +issa 1alasuriya says that the negative side o the economic globalization is it
creates wants and it will not satisy the needs o the maCority o the poor in the world. It creates and unending
thirst or the high investments and low o capital into the nations and international agencies. It also increases
the gul between the rich and poor, the unemployment problem becomes severe.
3
Emloyment $ortunities: India is largely dependent on :nited %tates mar,et or the
sotware exports and o shoring Cob industry. 3nything that aects :% sotware industry or
their economy also aects the Indian scene. &ountries li,e India started to lose its reedom
and authority in various ways due to the 'conomic globalization. Poor countries who have no
role to play in this capitalist game will be the ones which are aected badly.
1=
'conomic
Globalization always shapes the employment opportunities according to its mar,et needs and
destroys the old style o Cobs. +he Cobs that are created are mostly temporal in nature and
there is no guarantee o employment or a long period o time. 3dCustment or these +$&Es is
not an issue they are least bothered about those who are wor,ing in it or or those who lose
Cob. Bith proit motive high machinery is introduced and the labour orce is cut down
drastically. +his beneits only the corporation and only a small group o employment is
generated. 'mployees once they lost their Cobs due to recession or downall o sotware in :%
and 'urope will ind lie extremely diicult. 3ter a long period o time wor,ing in one ield
or area will hamper their chances o employment in a dierent area.
1<

Culture : 'conomic globalization also aects on the cultural aspects besides the environment
and social actors. Many o the youth in urban area have opted or posh living despite o their
economic status. Bestern modes o lie patterns are highly seen among the M$& employees.
+he wages that are paid in sotware industry have resulted enormous change in the lives o
people especially in the lives o youth. +he brands that sell in the mar,et, the ast ood culture
attract people towards a mono culture and destroy the cultural diversity in the society.
1;

Agriculture: *ue to the open mar,et system products rom various nations will come into
local mar,ets or the cheap prices and the local armers, and business irms both small and
large suered intensely.
"5
Governments support the M$&Es and +$&Es with subsides and
provides better acilities to set up and establish their business irms in countries li,e India and
1razil. +hese corporations also tried to implement 1+ seeds and mono seed culture in third
world countries li,e India. It has tried to damage the agrarian set up o India very much
through harmul pesticides, 1+ seeds, cash crops cultivation and so on. +he poor armers and
the small scale business enterprises are deprived o government beneits despite o the
employment opportunities they create and the care they ta,e or the land and environment.
"1
17
Indu,uri /ohn Mohan Razu, #oom #ubbles $ #urst, Capitalism "alling b% its Contradictions, 1;.
18
I. /ohn Mohan Razu, 7Globalization, +$&s and 'xploitation o the Poor8 +he &ase o 0ess *eveloped
&ountries9, )D.
19
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, ";.
20
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, ;.
21
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, )-.
4
Education: 'ducation is %tateEs undamental duty and responsibility. Globalization sees all
aairs o %tate through the lens o proit and loss motive. 0ocal M$&Es and International
inancial organizations have advised India to cut short its expenses on 'ducation particularly
on higher education. &ommercialization and privatization o education is serious threat to the
democratic setup o India, poor and marginalized sections cannot aord education. Gnly the
rich and aluent classes can aord education and their children will automatically becomes
the bureaucrats and oicials o this country.
""

Economic Globalization and Alternati"es: *emocratic set up o governance have given
power and participation to the people in the aairs o %tate. .or the %a,e o temporal beneits
and or corruption politicians should not sell its power into the hands o these capitalist
orces. Maledey suggests that we need localization as an alternative to Globalization.
3dministration, power and economic decisions have to be decentralized to the local levels.
+he local village panchayats should decide many o its local matters pertaining with lie.
0ocal people should eel the democracy o deciding and shaping their local economies. +his
set up helps the local agrarian economies to sustain without diiculties.
")

Fandana shiva says that the security o people shoud be given priority than the proits o
corporate irms. Right to ood, medicine, health, water, livelihood and political security are
human rights and governments should not sell it to the corporations.
"-
Manabe 1ose says that
agriculture have to be ree rom the clutches o Borld trade Grganization and other
international economic organizations. 3griculture need to be an independent sector managed
by the local national governments. 3grarian community is the hope o the world to sustain
lie and uture. +he respective local governments should reduce the powers and privileges it
has allotted to these corporate giants especially in the area o agricultural products.
Governments also should try to preserve the traditional mar,ets and rural agrarian and
economic liestyles.
"D

%heological Reflection: /esus said you cannot serve God and mammon, Matthew A4 "-.
Bealth has become an idol in the lives o people. 'conomic globalization which creates the
dazzling dreams too, the orm o idolatry. +here are people who eel that wealth can ta,e
care o their lives and replaced God with riches. Many people who are behind this
22
P. G. /ogdand and %. M. Micheal, eds., Globalization and social movements& 'truggle or a humane societ%,
2$ew *elhi4 Rawat Publications, "55)6, 1A5.
23
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, 1<5.
24
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, =1.
25
/ohn Madeley, A Peoples World, A)8D.
5
globalization and started to worship it. Mar,ets have tended to emerge as omnipotent and
omniscient entities. In &hrist we are called to unmas, this idolatry and to resist this inCustice
happening in the world.
"A

Globalization once seen as 1oom and bubble is inally burst and brought disaster to lives o
millions o people around the globe. &rash down o economies in 'urope and some &'GEs
and corporation heads looted the ban,s aecting millions o tax payers and their lie and
livelihood. Mohan Razu modiies Gandhi statement as 7+he Borld has enough not according
to the greed o ban,ers, but to the need o people9.
"=
+hese incidents have proved that
economic globalization will beneit only little selective privileged community. It brings
disaster to maCority o people and pushes their lie into poverty and economic degradation.
Pope
"<
encouraged some nations to colonize the world and Custiied colonialism through
religion. 1alasuriya says that yesterday grace is monopolized by the church and today
mar,ets are monopolized. &hurches have to be in solidarity to share the stories o liberation
to ma,e change how small it is.
";
Rebecca says &hurch should stand or its principles in terms
o economy. Be criticize globalization vehemently but how our &hurch budgets are planned
and spentH Gur budgets should not be in the line and ashion o those &orporations. Be need
to demonstrate and practice an alternative style o economy in our parishes. Be need to cut
down our budget on decorations, luxurious ood during easts, travel expenditures and so
on.
)5

'conomic Globalization harms the poor, marginalized and the vulnerable. +he beneits and
the privileges that are created through it are beneicial only to the wealthy and elite group.
Poor and the marginalized communities have no say in this. +hey are badly aected due to
the policies that are ramed to beneit a small population. %hashi sail says that when countries
li,e India ta,es side with Borld 1an, or %3P 2%tructural 3dCustment Programmes6, &hurch
need to ta,e the side o poor. /ust as /esus too, the side o poor and marginalized
communities or their liberation &hurch is also called to ta,e such stand. &hurch has to ocus
26
Engaging Economic Globalization As a Communion, A Working Paper o The !utheran World "ederation,
1"8).
27
Indu,uri /ohn Mohan Razu, #oom #ubbles $ #urst, Capitalism "alling b% its Contradictions, D.
28
Padrado Pope gave Portugal and %pain to con!uer and colonize the nations and spreads &atholic &hurch in its
territories.
29
+issa 1alasuriya, 73lternatives to Globalization and the Role o the &hurch9, in Globalization, A Challenge
to the Church, 'dited by P. /egadish and George &heriyan, 2$agpur4 $ational &ouncil o &hurches in India8
:rban Rural Mission, 1;;<6, 15A8=.
30
Rebecca M. 1lan,, (o )ustice, !inking Christian aith and *odern economic !ie, 2Ghio4 :nited &hurch
Press, 1;;"6, <.
6
on its mission agenda o message o liberation and salvation o human ,ind contextually in
these times.
)1
B&& in one o its statement during #arare General 3ssembly says that, 7it is
our responsibility to resist and analyze the harmul conse!uences o Globalization and to
search and strengthen the lie8giving alternatives because that is visible signs o GodEs Custice
and concern or the whole creation.9
)"

Governments and &hurch should ta,e the side and stand o these people despite o proit and
loss calculations.
))
Gur God is God o little things and the wea,er ones too.
)-
&hurches also
should leave the proit oriented motives in our budgets. &hurches have to stop building
commercial complexes and need to ocus on ministry and service. Be also have witnessed
&hurch o 'ngland investing in Fedanta which is threat to the survival existence o local
tribes in Gdissa. +his sort o capitalistic attitudes needs to be avoided by the church.
'conomic Globalization creates greed in people to posses more but our God is God o Custice
and e!uality. God made human beings as stewards in the creation. God made the creation
e!ually to everyone. +he resources o the earth are to ulill the needs or the survival o
human beings. Be need a set up o society where all the members are accessible to meet their
basic biological, survival and socio8cultural needs. +he attitude o possessing more and more
is sinul and inCustice. +he trend o Globalization ma,es humans to buy and posses more than
their need this is against the will o God. #uman beings are called to be responsible stewards
in the creation o God to restore e!uality and Custice.
)D
#uman beings deserve respect and
dignity because they are made in the image o God. Bati 0ongchar says that Globalization is
deinitely not the way o Iingdom o God because it treats humans as obCects, cheap
labourers and it devalues them.
)A
I would li,e to conclude with the statement o *utch reormed Mission &hurch in %outh
3rica1;<A says that, 7Be believe that God incarnate came to bring Custice on earth, and
31
%hashi %ail, 7+he 'ect o Globalization on Indian %ociety and the &hurchEs Response8%ome &riteria9,
Globalization, A Challenge to the Church, 'dited by P. /egadish and George &heriyan, 2$agpur4 $ational
&ouncil o &hurches in India8:rban Rural Mission, 1;;<6, <<.
32
Martin Robra, 7&hristianity, +he Borld &ouncil o &hurches9, in Collo+uium ,---, "aith Communities and
social movements acing globalization, %tudies rom the Borld 3lliance o Reormed hurches8-D, 'dited by
:lrich *uchrow, 2Geneva4 Borld 3lliance o Reormed &hurches, "55"6, 1-.
33
*es Grasper, The Ethics o (evelopment, rom Economism to .uman (evelopment, 2$ew *elhi4 Fistaar
Publications, "55-6, DA.
34
.rom the title o 3rundhati RoyEs boo, 7God o little things9.
35
Ismael Garcia, )ustice in !atin American Theolog% o !iberation, 23tlanta4 /ohn Inox Press, 1;<=6, 1-".
36
Bati 0ongchar, 7Globalization4 3 challenge to +heological &ommuniy9, in Glocal in the *arket Place,
Theological Perspectives on Globalization, 'dited by Bati 0ongchar ,23ssam4 %outh 3sia Regional %olidarity
&ommittee,$36,=).
7
because o this reason we should strive against all orms o inCustice and against the
ideologies that legitimize orms o inCustice9.
)=
&ibliograhy
1alasuriya, +issa. 73lternatives to Globalization and the Role o the &hurch.9 In
Globalization, A Challenge to the Church/ 'dited by P. /egadish and George &heriyan.
$agpur4 $ational &ouncil o &hurches in India8:rban Rural Mission, 1;;<.
1alasuriya, +issa. 7Recolonization and *ebt &risis.9 In Globalization, A Challenge to the
Church/ 'dited by P. /egadish and George &heriyan. $agpur4 $ational &ouncil o &hurches
in India8:rban Rural Mission, 1;;<.
1lan,, Rebecca M. (o )ustice, !inking Christian aith and *odern economic !ie/ Ghio4
:nited &hurch Press, 1;;".
Engaging Economic Globalization as a Communion, A Working Paper o The !utheran
World "ederation/ Geneva4 +he 0utheran Borld .ederation, "551.
Garcia, Ismael. )ustice in !atin American Theolog% o !iberation/ 3tlanta4 /ohn Inox Press,
1;<=.
Grasper, *es. The Ethics o (evelopment, rom Economism to .uman (evelopment/ $ew
*elhi4 Fistaar Publications, "55-.
/ogdand, P. G. and %. M. Micheal, eds. Globalization and social movements& 'truggle or a
humane societ%/ $ew *elhi4 Rawat Publications, "55).
0echner, /. .ran,. and /ohn 1oli, eds. The Globalization Reader/ 3ustralia4 1lac,well
Publishing, "555.
0ongchar, Bati. 7Globalization4 3 challenge to +heological &ommuniy.9 In Glocal in the
*arket Place, Theological Perspectives on Globalization/ 'dited by Bati 0ongchar. 3ssam4
%outh 3sia Regional %olidarity &ommittee, n.d.
Madeley, /ohn. A Peoples World, Alternatives To Economic Globalization/ 0ondon > $ew
?or,4 @'* 1oo,s, "55).
Razu, I. /ohn Mohan 7Globalization, +$&s and 'xploitation o the Poor8 +he &ase o 0ess
*eveloped &ountries.9 In Globalization, A Challenge to the Church/ 'dited by P. /egadish
and George &heriyan. $agpur4 $ational &ouncil o &hurches in India8:rban Rural Mission,
1;;<.
Razu, Indu,uri /ohn Mohan. #oom #ubbles $ #urst, Capitalism "alling b% its
Contradictions/ 1angalore4 &andid Publications, "51".
37
Martin Robra, 7&hristianity, +he Borld &ouncil o &hurches9, Collo+uium ,---, 1A.
8
Robra, Martin. 7&hristianity, +he Borld &ouncil o &hurches.9 In Collo+uium ,---, "aith
Communities and social movements acing globalization/ %tudies rom the Borld 3lliance o
Reormed hurches8-D. 'dited by :lrich
*uchrow. Geneva4 Borld 3lliance o Reormed &hurches, "55".
%ail, %hashi. 7+he 'ect o Globalization on Indian %ociety and the &hurchEs Response8
%ome &riteria.9 In Globalization, A Challenge to the Church, 'dited by P. /egadish and
George &heriyan. $agpur4 $ational &ouncil o &hurches in India8:rban Rural Mission,
1;;<.
9

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