DALJIT SINGH PADDA

G.S.S.SCHOOL,RAYYA
AMRITSAR
PRESENTED BY:-
PRESENTED BY:-
UNDER SUPERVISION OF :-
UNDER SUPERVISION OF :-
GURPREET SINGH PADDA
GURPREET SINGH PADDA

The word o! " #e"$er %"& 'e
re#or(ed )& (wo d)!!ere&( w"*.
+. DIRECT SPEECH
,. INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT SPEECH
When the exact words used by a
speaker are reproduced. Direct
speech is always with in inverted
commas. i.e.:-
Ashu says, Pammi is oin to school.!


"eportin verb "eported speech

When the exact meanin o# a speech is
conveyed in the reporter$s words.
%o inverted commas are used in the
indirect speech. i. e:-
Ashu says that Pammi is oin to school.
INDIRECT SPEECH

RULES FOR THE CHANGE OF TENSES
1. If the reporting verb is in present or future
tense, the tense of the verb in the reported
speech remains unchanged.
Example 1
The girl says, I am glad to be with you.
The girl says that I am glad to be with you.
Example
The peon will say, !ll the boys have become very
naughty.
The peon will say that all the boys have become very
naughty.

2 .If the reporting verb is in past
2 .If the reporting verb is in past
tense, the
tense, the
tenses in the reported speech
tenses in the reported speech
are changed into a corresponding
are changed into a corresponding
past tense:
past tense:
&imple present
&imple Past
'() *Play+ '(, -
Played+
-xample )
&uresh said, "am play well.!
&uresh said that "am played well.

Present Continos Past
Continos
'is.am.are/(
)
/in+
'was.were/(
)
/in+
-xample )
0ita said, &ita is sinin a son.!
0ita said that &ita was sinin a son.

PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT
"has,have#$%& "had#$%&
Example 1
'y father said, I have a car.
'y father said that he had a car.

&imple past Past
&imple past Past
per#ect
per#ect
'(
'(
, ,
-did+ 'had/(
-did+ 'had/(
1 1
done+
done+
2he teacher said, 2he boys
played hockey.!
2he teacher said that the boys
had played hockey.

Past continuous Past per#ect continuous
' was,were/()/in + 'had been/(
)
/in +
&he said, Anu was oin to market.!
&he said that Anu had been oin to
market.

Past per#ect %o
chane
'had/(
1
+
'had/(
1
+

()*E %+,
If the reporting verb is in past tense
then will-shall changed into would.
i.e+,
.uresh said, (am will be /uite happy.
.uresh said that (am would be /uite
happy.

3%4(-"&A5 2"326
2he bear said, Poverty is a reat
curse.!
2he bear said that poverty is a reat
curse.
If the reported speech expresses a
universal truth or a habitual fact ,its
tenses remain unchanged.

6A7423A5 8A92
&he said, youn children are very
restless.!
&he said that youn children are very
restless.

4# the reported speech contains a
time clause, its tense remains
unchaned.
&he said, When Anu was livin in
:umbai, she o#ten saw 6ari.!
&he said that when Anu was livin in
:umbai ,she o#ten saw 6ari.

If the reporting verb is in
If the reporting verb is in
past tense then !a"#can is
past tense then !a"#can is
changed into !ight#co$d
changed into !ight#co$d
.
.
&he said, 4 may succeed.!
&he said, 4 may succeed.!
&he said that she miht succeed.
&he said that she miht succeed.
;ack said, 4 can kill any iant.
;ack said, 4 can kill any iant.
;ack said that he could kill any iant.
;ack said that he could kill any iant.

RULES FOR
RULES FOR
THE CHANGE OF
THE CHANGE OF
PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS
He ,she ,they ,them , their.
He ,she ,they ,them , their.
Third
Third
Person
Person
You, your.
You, your.
Second
Second
Person
Person
, my ,me ,!e ,our ,us.
, my ,me ,!e ,our ,us.
First
First
Person
Person

PERSONS ARE CHANGE" ACCOR"NG
TO FOR#ULA

S O N
First $erson is ch%n&ed !ith
SU'(ECT
Second $erson is ch%n&ed !ith
O'(ECT
Third $erson NO
CHANGE

Words showin %earness o# time or
Words showin %earness o# time or
place are chaned into words
place are chaned into words
showin Distance < as ,
showin Distance < as ,

%=W * 26-% 264& * 26A2

%=W * 26-% 264& * 26A2

6-"- * 26-"- 26-&- * 26=&-

6-"- * 26-"- 26-&- * 26=&-

6-%9- * 26-%9- 2=DA>-26A2 DA>

6-%9- * 26-%9- 2=DA>-26A2 DA>

2= %4062 * 26A2 %4062

2= %4062 * 26A2 %4062

>-&2-" DA>-26- P"-(4=3& DA>

>-&2-" DA>-26- P"-(4=3& DA>

5A&2 %4062-P"-(4=3& %4062

5A&2 %4062-P"-(4=3& %4062

2=:A""=W- 26- %-?2 DA>

2=:A""=W- 26- %-?2 DA>

263& * &=
263& * &=

A0= - 7-8="-
A0= - 7-8="-

8=" -?A:P5-:-
8=" -?A:P5-:-

4 said, 4 like to read books now.!

4 said, 4 like to read books now.!

4 said that 4 liked to read ood books then.

4 said that 4 liked to read ood books then.

6e said to him, 4 am waitin #or you here.!

6e said to him, 4 am waitin #or you here.!

6e told him that he was waitin #or him

6e told him that he was waitin #or him
there.
there.

"am said to me, 4 saw the show

"am said to me, 4 saw the show
yesterday.!
yesterday.!

"am told me that he had seen the show the

"am told me that he had seen the show the
previous day.
previous day.

When the reportin speech is an
When the reportin speech is an
imperative sentence ,the reportin
imperative sentence ,the reportin
verb @say$ or @tell$ is chaned to some
verb @say$ or @tell$ is chaned to some
verb expressin: command, advice,
verb expressin: command, advice,
reAuest or order.
reAuest or order.

4 said to my #riend , Work reularly!

4 said to my #riend , Work reularly!

4 advised my #riend to work reularly.

4 advised my #riend to work reularly.

Yo- ")d (o Sh"h), ./e&d 0e *o-r #e&,

#/e"e.1

Yo- re2-e(ed Sh"h) (o /e&d her #e&.

The er3"&( ")d (o (he 0"(er, .P"rdo& 0e

,)r.1

The er3"&( re#e%(!-//* 'e44ed o! h)

0"(er (o #"rdo& h)0.

The 5-d4e ordered (he0 (o %"// (he e%o&d

w)(&e.

.C"// (he e%o&d w)(&e1 ,")d (he 5-d4e.

Conversion from Direct into
Conversion from Direct into
Indirect Interrogative Sentence
Indirect Interrogative Sentence
When the question begins an Interrogative
When the question begins an Interrogative
Pronoun or Adverb, such as what ,who , which
Pronoun or Adverb, such as what ,who , which
,whose ,when ,where ,why ,and how, the same
,whose ,when ,where ,why ,and how, the same
word is used.
word is used.
I .e:
I .e:
!e said to me , "What is your name #$
!e said to me , "What is your name #$
!e as%ed me what my name was.
!e as%ed me what my name was.
I said to me, "Whom did you meet#$
I said to me, "Whom did you meet#$
She as%ed me whom I had met.
She as%ed me whom I had met.

0hen the /uestion begins with a helping
0hen the /uestion begins with a helping
verb, is ,are, do , has , have, will, shall,
verb, is ,are, do , has , have, will, shall,
can, if or whether is used.
can, if or whether is used.
I said to !nita, 1ave you done all the
I said to !nita, 1ave you done all the
sums2
sums2
I as3ed !nita if she had done all the sums.
I as3ed !nita if she had done all the sums.
I said to 4rishna, 5o you hope to pass in
I said to 4rishna, 5o you hope to pass in
the first division2
the first division2
I as3ed 4rishna if she hope to passed in the
I as3ed 4rishna if she hope to passed in the
first division.
first division.

!ny 6uery
!ny 6uery
2
2