THE UNIVERSITY OF BURDWAN

3 year B.Sc. Physics (Honors! "orse

Course Structure
Par#$I (% year! (To#a& 'ar(s) *++!
Paper I: Full Marks 100 Mathematical Methods I (50 lectures)
Mechanics I (40 lectures)
lectrostatics (!0 lectures)
Paper II: Full Marks 50 "eneral Properties o# Matter ($5 lectures)
%hermal Ph&sics (45 lectures)
Paper III: (Practical Paper) Full Marks 50
('periments on "(P(M() *eat etc()
Par#$ II (% year! To#a& 'ar(s ) *++
Paper I+: Full Marks, 100 lectronics, I (!5 lectures)
-a& .ptics ($0 lectures)
lectrod&namics I (/5 lectures)
Paper +: ( practical Paper) Full Marks , 50
Paper +I: (Practical Paper) Full Marks , 50
(lectrical) lectronics e'periments in Paper + and +I)
Par#$III (% year! To#a& 'ar(s) ,++
Paper +II: Full Marks , 100 Mathematical Methods II (50 lectures)
Mechanics II (40 lectures)
Statistical Mechanics (!5 lectures)
Solid State Ph&sics (!5 lectures)
Paper +III: Full Marks: 100 0a1e optics (!0 lectures)
lectrod&namics,II ($0 lectures)
lectronics, II (!0 lectures)
.scillations and 0a1es ($5 lectures)
Paper I2: Full Marks: 100 3tomic Ph&sics (!0 lectures)
Special %heor& o# -elati1it& ($5 lectures)
4uantum Mechanics (!0 lectures)
5uclear Ph&sics (40 lectures)
Paper 2: (Practical Paper) Full Marks , 50
(.ptical 'periments)
Paper 2I: (Practical Paper) Full Marks , 50
(lectrical and lectronics 'periments)
Par#$I Full Marks: $00
Pa-er$ I (%heoretical Paper) Full Marks: 100
.ro-$A) 'a#he/a#ica& 'e#ho0s I 650 7ectures8
1( Re1ie2 o3 #he 3o&&o2in4 #o-ics in 1ec#or a&4e5ra: 9asic 1ectors) unit 1ectors) scalar and
1ector products) products o# three or more 1ectors) reciprocal 1ector triads( Scalar 1ector
#ields( "radient o# a scalar #ield( :irectional deri1ati1e( :i1er;ence and curl o# a 1ector
#ield and their ph&sical si;ni#icance) Solenoidal and irrotational 1ector( Conser1ati1e
1ector #ield and scalar potential( Identities in1ol1in; ;radient) di1er;ence) and curl( 7<
$( Vec#or in#e4ra#ion: 7ine inte;ral) Path independence) 'act di##erential) Sur#ace inte;ral)
Flu'( +olume inte;ral) :i1er;ence theorem( Continuit& e=uation( Stokes theorem( "reen>s
theorem #or simpl& connected re;ion( +eri#ication o# the inte;ral theorems in simple cases(
(Proo#s o# inte;ral theorems are not essential)( 74
!( Or#ho4ona& cr1i&inear coor0ina#es: ?nit 1ectors in cur1ilinear coordinate s&stem@ 3rea
len;th and 1olume element( %he ;radient) di1er;ence) curl and 7aplacian( C&lindrical and
spherical polar coordinates( 74
4( "amma #unction Aith real ar;ument: :e#inition and properties( 1aluation o# ;amma
#unction Aith hal#,inte;ral ar;uments( 9eta #unction( -elation BetAeen Beta and ;amma
#unctions( :irichlet>s inte;ral( rror #unction and complementar& error #unction(
:e#inition( "raphical representation( 75
5( Or0inary &inear 0i33eren#ia& e6a#ions o3 secon0 or0er: 7inearl& independent solutions(
0ronskian( -e;ular and irre;ular points( FroBenius method #or series solution( (Proo#s o#
FroBeniusCFuchs theorems are not re=uired) 7<
/( Besse&7s 0i33eren#ia& e6a#ion: Series solution o# 9essel #unctions o# the #irst and second
kinds( "eneratin; #unction( Simple recurrence relations( 7e;endre>s di##erential e=uation(
7e;endre pol&nomials( -odri;ues #ormula( "eneratin; #unction #or 7e;endre pol&nomials(
-ecurrence relations( .rtho;onalit& propert&( -ecurrence relations( 3ssociated 7e;endre
#unctions (:e#inition onl&) 7<
D( Fourrier series( :ircihlet conditions( 'pansion o# odd and e1en periodic #unctions(
Parse1al>s #ormula( Comple' #orm o# Fourier series( Fourier e'pansion o# # (') in the
inter1al (,c) Ec) Aith
c
( Fourier inte;ral( Fourier trans#orms pair( Fourier trans#orms
o# simple #unction occurrin; in ph&sical applications( 75
<( Partial di##erential e=uations o# mathematical ph&sics( lliptic) paraBolic) and h&perBolic
e=uations( 7aplace>s e=uation in tAo and three dimensions( Solution B& the method o#
separation o# 1ariaBles( Initial and Boundar& 1alue proBlems( *eat #loA e=uation in one
dimension( 7<
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s
1( ( FresGi; 3d1anced n;ineerin; Mathematics (0ile& Se1enth dition)(
$( "( 3r#ken Mathematical Methods #or Ph&sicists (Prism 9ooks( Fourth dition)(
!( 9(S( "reAal *i;her n;ineerin; Mathematics (Fhanna PuBlisher) :elhi)
.ro-$ B) 'echanics 8 I 640 7ectures8
1( Critical re1ieA o# 5eAton>s laAs o# motion( -esisti1e motion( Motion o# s&stems o#
1ariaBle #allin; mass( -ocket motion) #allin; chain) #allin; raindrop) etc( 0ork,ener;&
theorem( Conser1ati1e #orce #ields( "alilean in1ariance( Conser1ation o# linear momentum
and ener;&(
7/
$( 3n;ular momentum and tor=ue( Conser1ation o# an;ular momentum #or a s&stem o#
particles( Centre o# mass o# a s&stem o# particles o# continuous mass distriBution( Impulse(
lastic and inelastic collisions( :irect and oBli=ue collisions( 7/
!( -i;id Bod& motion( Moments and products o# inertia( Principal a'is trans#ormation(
llipsoid o# inertia( 3n;ular momentum and kinetic ener;& o# a ri;id Bod& in terms o#
an;ular 1elocit& and moment o# inertia( Parallel and perpendicular a'is theorems( Moment
o# inertia o# common s&mmetrical Bodies( Compound pendulum Fater>s re1ersiBle
pendulum (:etailed discussion o# 1arious corrections is not needed) 710
4( "en#ra& 3orces: %Ao,Bod& #orce proBlem( -eduction to one,Bod& proBlem( Important
#eatures o# motion under central #orce #ield (conser1ation o# an;ular momentum) co,planar
motion)( -adial and trans1erse 1elocities and accelerations( Fepler>s laAs( :i##erential
e=uation o# the orBit under in1erse s=uare laA o# #orce( Conditions #or paraBolic) elliptic
and h&perBolic orBits( 710
5( 5on,inertial #rames( Fictitious #orces( +elocit& and acceleration in rotatin; #rames(
Centri#u;al and coriolis #orces( :irection o# ocean currents and ri1er #loAs( Motion o# a
particle relati1e to the earth(
7<
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( M(-( Spie;el %heoretical Mechanics (Sehaum series( Mc"raA *ill)
$( 5( C( -ana and P( S( Hoa; Classical Mechanics (%M*)
!( *( "oldstein Classical Mechanics(
.ro- ") E&ec#ros#a#ics 6!0 7ectures8
1( Idea o# =uantiGed char;e) 1alue o# e
,
the electronic char;e) conser1ation o# char;e)
idealiGation o# point char;e and continuousl& distriButed char;e@ superposition principle o#
electric #ield and calculation o# due to man& char;es at one point) at di##erent points and
due to continuous distriBution o# char;e) electric #lu' and "auss laA) its application to
simple cases (char;e line) c&linder) spherical shell) sphere and plane sheet)@ line inte;ral o#
electric #ield) electric potential +) 0 ) = = E V E and conser1ati1e nature o#
electrostatic #ield: superposition principle o# electric potential and its application@
Posisson>s e=uation and its simple application to char;e sphere) 7aplace>s e=uation and
it>s solution in one 1ariaBle onl& Aith simple Boundar& conditions (tAo lar;e parallel plane
sur#aces) coa'ial c&linders and spherical sur#ace etc( all maintained at constant potential
Aith respecti1e re#erence applications)(
710
$( '&#i-o&es: lectric dipole and its moment) deri1ation o# #ield and potential due to a
dipole) potential ener;& #or a dipole placed in an e'ternal #ield) mutual potential ener;& o#
tAo dipoles) #orce and tor=ue BetAeen toA dipoles) linear and planner =uadrupoles their
potentials and #ields@ multipole e'pansion o# the scalar potential ;eneral e'pression in
terms o# 7e;endre pol&nomials) statement and e'planation o# arnshaA>s theorem on
staBilit& o# char;e(
75
!( "on0c#ors an0 ca-aci#ors: MoBile char;e carriers in a conductor) electric #ield at
outside points close to the sur#ace o# a char;ed conductor) conductor placed in an e'ternal
electrostatic #ield) method o# ima;e its application to calculation o# electric potential and
#ield 1) due to point char;e placed near a ;rounded conductin; plane o# in#inite e'tension
and $) due to a point char;e near an insulated conductin; sphere@ parallel plate) spherical
and c&lindrical capacitors Aith #ree space inside, deri1ation and anal&sis o# capacitance)
ener;& stored in a char;ed capacitor and ener;& densit& in electrostatic #ield@ mentionin;
o# the principle o# measurement o# char;e B& =uadrant electrometer( 75
4( Die&ec#rics an0 e&ec#ros#a#ic 3ie&0: Idea o# polariGation o# dielectric materials placed in
e'ternal electric #ield and polariGation 1ector P) electric #ield Aithin a dielectric) "auss>s
laA in terms o# #ree char;e in dielectrics) Boundar& conditions on and :( 7inear isotropic
dielectric and its susceptiBilit&) dielectric constant and permitti1it&@ potential and #ield at
e'ternal and internal points o# a dielectric sphere placed in an otherAise uni#orm electric
#ield@ simple microscopic theor& o# dielectrics) idea aBout atomic and molecular
polarisaBilit&@ polar and non,polar dielectrics( Clausius Mosotti relation and its application@
idea aBout #erroelectric materials (electric)@ propert& o# pieGoelectric cr&stal@ capacitance
o# a capacitor Aith a dielectric material inside) ener;& stored in such a char;ed capacitor
and ener;&,densit& o# a dielectric in an e'ternal #ield@ principle o# measurement o#
dielectric constant o# a material B& introducin; it in a capacitor and measurin; the char;e
o# capacitance(
710
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s:
1( MahaIan J -an;Aala lectricit& and Ma;netism(
$( ChatterIee J -akshit lectricit& and Ma;netism
!( "ri##iths lectrod&namics
4( 7aud lectroma;netics(
Pa-er$ II (%heoretical Paper) Full Marks : 50
.ro- 8 A ) .enera& Pro-er#ies o3 'a##er 6$5 7ectures8
1( Principle o# dimensional homo;eneit& 7imitation "ra1itation) 5eAton>s laA) ?ni1ersal
constant o# "ra1itation( "ra1itational potential and intensit& due to spherical and other
s&mmetrical Bodies( 7/
$( E&as#ici#y: lastic constant) Poisson>s ratio) Bendin; o# uni#orm Beams clamped at open
end and Both ends( "eneral e=uation #or Bendin; and applications( Flat spiral sprin;( 7/
!( Sur#ace tension( Capillar& rise( 'cess pressure( Shape o# li=uid drops( +apor,pressure
o1er a cur1ed sur#ace( Sur#ace tension and e1aporation( 7/
4( Fluid motion( uler>s method o# descriBin; #luid motion( Path line and Stream line)
+iscous #loA throu;h a capillar& tuBe) Poiseuilli>s #ormula( Strokes laA( -e&nolds>s
numBer) -otatin; c&linder method( uler>s e=uation o# incompressiBle #luid( 9ernoulli>s
#luid( 9ernoulli>s theorem( +elocit& o# e##lu' o# a li=uid( Pilot tuBe) +enturimeter 7D
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s:
1( 5eAman J Searle "eneral Properties Matter
$( C( H( Smith "eneral Properties o# Matter
.ROUP 8 B) Ther/a& Physics 645 7C%?-S8
9ine#ic #heory .ases : Ideal "as) Basic assumptions o# Finetic theor&) pressure e'erted B& ideal ;as) Its relation
Aith a1era;e F(() Finetic interpretation o# temperature and ;as laAs( Ma'Aell>s laA o# distriBution o# 1elocit&
components and speed o# molecules #rom proBaBilit& approach) deduction o# a1era;e speed) r(m(s( speed) most
proBaBle speed) ener;& distriBution laA( :irect and in direct e1idence o# Ma'Aell>s laA (no proo#)( =uipartion
o# ener;&(no proo#)( 1aluation o# C
p)
C
1
#or monoatomic) diatomic) pol&atomic molecular ;ases( 7imitation o#
Finetic theor& in the interpretation o# speci#ic heat(
1idence o# #inite siGe o# molecules) mean #ree path) e'pression #or mean #ree path assumin; same a1era;e
1elocit&( Ma'Aell>s modi#ication (no proo#)( :istriBution o# #ree path J sur1i1al e=uation( %ransport phenomena(
"eneral method o# deduction o# transport,propert&( :eri1ation o#

) F and : there#rom the relations amon; the

transport coe##icients( :ependence o# transport,coe##icients on temperature and pressure( 7/
Rea& .as : :e1iation #rom ideal ;as as implied B& 3ndreA>s and 3ma;at>s e'periment( +an der 0aal>s
e=uation) deri1ation (simple theor&) and its comparison Aith e'periment( method o# #indin; constants Ka> and
KB>( Critical constants( +irial coe##icients( +(0( e=uation( -educed e=uation o# state( 7aA o# correspondin;
state( +irial theorem (statement onl&)( :eduction o# ideal ;as e=uation there#rom( +(0( =uation in poAers o# P
and
V
1
and implication( 9rie# sur1e& o# other e=uations o# state( 75
*eat conduction in solids: +ariaBle and stead& state o# heat #loA) thermal conducti1it&) thermal recepti1it&)
thermometric conducti1it&( thermal conducti1it& o# a composite Fourier e=uation o# heat conduction in one
dimension( Stead& state solution and application to In;en *ausG>s e'periment) e'tension to three dimension #or
spherical and c&lindrical heat #loA( 7ee>s method( C&lindrical shell method( Statement o# 0iedemann FranG>s
laA( 75
Ther/o0yna/ics : 9asic Concepts J First 7aA) s&stem and surroundin;s) state,1ariaBles,intensi1e and
e'tensi1e) thermal e=uiliBrium and Geroth laA) thermod&namic concept o# temperature) state #unction and path
#unction) e'act and ine'act di##erentials) e=uation o# state #or simple s&stems and some deri1ations there,#orm(
Interaction o# heat and Aork) =uasi static processes( path dependence o# heat and Aork( ori;in o# #irst laA@
internal ener;&( di##erential #orm o# #irst laA) C
p
and C
1
and their interrelation) =uasi,static isothermal and
adiaBatic processes) Aork done) adiaBatic lapse rate e=uation) enthalp& as a state #unction correspondin; to Cp)
0ork done in stretchin; a Aire sur#ace #ilm( 7<
Second 7aA and entrop&( Con1ersion o# heat into Aork( re1ersiBle and irre1ersiBle processes( Second laA)
e=ui1alence o# statements( heat en;ine J e##icienc&( Carnot c&cle) Carnot re#ri;erator) Carnot theorem(
3Bsolute scale o# temperature( c&clic process( Clausius theorem( non,inte;raBilit& o# d4( concept o# entrop&(
ntrop& in re1ersiBle and irre1ersiBle processes( Clausius ine=ualit&( ntrop& principle( ntrop& chan;e in ideal
;as) mi'ture o# ideal ;ases) +(0( ;as) C %,S dia;ram J Mathematical #orm o# second laA( ntrop& and
una1ailaBle ener;&( ProBaBilistic interpretation o# entrop&( ntrop& as lack o# in#ormation( %hermod&namic
relations (no proo#)( Clausieus Clape&ron e=uation) CompressiBilit&) 'pansiBilit&( %he %dS e=uation( %he
ener;& e=uations( 7<
%hermod&namic =uiliBrium J Free ener;& Condition o# natural chan;e and natural e=uiliBrium(
%hermod&namic potentials( Phase e=uiliBrium) .ne component s&stem: First order and Second order phase
chan;e( ssential #eatures( hren#est e=uation Aith re#erence to , %ransition(
Multicomponent S&stems: Idea o# chemical potential( "iBB>s phase rule (no proo#)) simple applications: triple
point o# Aater) Sulphur) Camphor( 75
Ther/o0yna/ic E6i&i5ri/ : Free ener4y : 3diaBatic coolin;) Houle,Fel1in e'pansion) nthalp& as a state
#unction) :i##erential and inte;ral #orm o# H,F coolin;) %he e##ect as a contriBution o# intermolecular #orce and
siGe e##ect) H,F e##ect in +an der Aaal ;as) In1ersion temperature) Comparison Aith critical and 9o&le
temperature) Idea o# 3diaBatic dema;netiGation and principle o# cr&ostats) 3pproach to aBsolute Gero) 5ernst
heat theorem( Statement o# third laA( Conse=uences o# third laA 1iG() Con#luence o# C
p
J C
1
) thermal
e'pansi1it&) sur#ace tension) unassailaBilit& o# aBsolute Gero( =ui1alence BetAeen the 5ernest *eat %heorem
and the un,attainaBilit& o# aBsolute Gero temperature( 7<
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( 9asa1araIu J "hosh %hermal Ph&sics (%M*)
$( "upta J -o& *eat J %hermod&namics (Central)
!( Lemansk& , *eat and thermod&namics
4( F( -ie# Fundamental o# Statistical and %hermal Ph&sics) Mc"raA,*ill Fo;akusha
(International Students> edition)
5( P(0( Sears and "(7( Salin;er: %hermodnamics Finetic %heor& and Statistical
%hermod&namics( 3ddision 0isle&C5arosa PuBlishin; *ome(
Pa-er 8 III (Prac#ica& Pa-er! Full Marks: 50
;is# o3 -re-ara#ory E<-eri/en#s (/ Periods per 'periments)
1( :etermination o# the Moun;>s modulus o# a material in the #orm o# a Aire B& Searle>s method(
$( :etermination o# a -i;idit& modulus o# a material in the #orm o# a Aire B& d&namical method(
!( :etermination o# the sur#ace tension o# Aater B& capillar&,rise method usin; three capillar& tuBes o#
di##erent Bores(
4( :etermination o# the coe##icient o# linear e'pansion o# the material o# a rod usin; optical le1er Aith
Pullin;er>s apparatus(
5( :etermination o# the Pressure coe##icient o# air(
/( :etermination o# the #ocal len;th o# a conca1e lens B& comBination method and calculation o# its
poAer(
D( :etermination inde' o# a li=uid B& usin; a tra1elin; microscope(
;is# o3 Honors E<-eri/en#s (N Periods per 'periment)
1( :etermination o# acceleration due to ;ra1it& Aith the help o# a Fater>s pendulum(
$( :etermination o# Moun;>s modulus o# a material in the #orm o# a Bar B& the method o# #le'ure(
!( :etermination o# coe##icient o# 1iscosit& o# Aater B& Poiseuilli>s method(
4( :etermination o# coe##icient o# 1iscosit& o# a hi;hl& 1iscous li=uid B& Stokes> method(
5( :etermination o# sur#ace tension o# a li=uid at di##erent temperatures B& Ha;;er>s method(
Par#$ II Full Marks: $00
Pa-er 8IV (%heoretical Paper) Full Marks: 100
.ro- 8 A) E&ec#ro0yna/ics 8 I (/5 7ectures)
1( S#ea0y Direc# "rren# (0c): Char;e,particles in motion,electric current (dri#t) di##usion and connection)@
current densit& and e=uation o# continuit&@ potential di##erence and electromoti1e #orce) electric ener;&
sources 1olta;e source and current source@ metallic conduction and .hm>s laA) conductance and
resistance as parameters@ circuit elements) passi1e an acti1e) linear and nonlinear) anal&sis o# resisti1e
netAork) Fircho##>s laAs in anal&sis o# multi,loop circuits@ superposition principle) %he1enin>s and
5orton>s theorems (statements and e'planations) and reduction o# tAo,terminal netAorks) ma'imum
poAer trans#er theorem and matchin; o# netAork@ 0heatstone Brid;e principle and calculation o#
;al1anometer current B& %he1enin>s %heorem in an unBalanced 0heatstone Brid;e e'cited B& ideal
1olta;e source@ techni=ues o# measurement o# resistances includin; the use o# Calendar and "ri##ith
Brid;e and Fel1in>s douBle Brid;e@ Potentiometer principle( 71$
$( 'a4ne#os#a#ics : 4ualitati1e discussion on interaction o# tAo ma;nets) interactions o# ma;net and current
and o# tAo currents introduction o# ma;netic #ield) #undamental ma;netic #ield 9 (ma;netic induction
1ector)@ 7orentG #orce e=uation) anal&sis o# circular motion o# a char;e particle in a uni#orm 9 #ield) *all
e##ect and *all 1olta;e) electrons as the char;e,carriers in metallic conduction@ lectroma;net) permanent
ma;net) time 1ar&in; electric #ield) Causes o# ma;netic #ield@ none'istence o# ma;netic source (or
monopole)@ 9iot Sa1art>s laA and calculation o# 9 due to strai;ht current and circular current loop@
3mpere>s laA in ma;netostatics) introduction o# ma;netic 1ector potential

A(

B due to a lon; and

strai;ht current) #orce BetAeen tAo lon;) strai;ht and #ilamentar& currents( Comparison Aith de#inition o#
1 ampere and the 1alue o# 0

) the permeaBilit& constant)

B on the a'is o# circular) solenoidal and

toroidal currents@ tor=ue on a current loop in uni#orm

B
,#ield) ma;netic moment o# a dipole in a

B
,#ield)
#orce on a ma;netic dipole) e=ui1alence o# current loop Aith ma;netic dipole@ potential ener;& o# a dipole
in an inhomo;eneous 9,#ield) ma;netic #ield due to a dipole) and dipole,dipole interaction( 71$
!( 'a#eria&s an0 /a4ne#ic 3ie&0 : Idea o# ma;netiGation o# materials placed in an e'ternal

B
,#ield and
ma;netiGation 1ector

M
) =ualitati1e discussion on atomic ma;netic moments( %hree classes o# materials@
induction o# atomic ma;netic moments to all materials and diama;netism) intrinsic ma;netic moments o#
atoms o# some materials) parama;netism) ma;netic domain in a #eA materials and #erroma;netism,
=ualitati1e discussions@ ma;netic susceptiBilit& and permeaBilit& and the three classes o# materials@ three
electric 1ector) 3mpere>s laA in terms o# #ree currents in ma;netic materials@ conditions on

B
and

H
at
the inter#ace o# tAo media and its importance@ illustration o#

B
O
0

H
E
0

M
re#erred to a Bar ma;net(
7/
4( E&ec#ro/a4ne#ic In0c#ion : Ma;netic #lu'@ #lu' linka;e Aith a coil o# 5 turns) Farada&>s laAs o#
electroma;netic induction in di##erential as Aell as inte;ral #orms) 7enG>s laA or usin; stokes theorem(
'pression o# motional electric #ield and e(m(#(s( Sel# and mutual inductance and coe##icient o# couplin;(
Calculation o# sel# inductance #or circular and solenoidal coils and o# c&lindrical conductor (or Aire)@
e##ect o# introduction o# #erroma;netic core in a coil on the 1alue o# inductance@ ener;& densit& in

B ,#ield
in #ree space and in #erroma;netic materials( 7D
5( Varyin4 crren# circi#s : Characteristic properties o# an inductor and a capacitor as linear elements@
"roAth and deca& o# current in 7- circuit e'cited B& constant dc 1olta;e@ char;in; and dischar;in; o# a
capacitor throu;h a resistor usin; dc 1olta;e source) char;in; and dischar;in; o# a capacitor 7,- in series
Aith emphasis on stead& and oscillator& conditions) oscillationin 7,C circuits( 7/
/( A&#erna#in4 crren# circi#s : Principle o# ;eneration o# ac) ac 1olta;e source( Sinusoidal 1olta;e and
current) mean and r(m(s (e##ecti1e)) 1alue stead& state solution (usin; comple' =uantit&) #or current in 7,-
and C,- series circuits e'cited B& sinusoidal 1olta;e) reactance) impedance) phase an;le and phasor
dia;ram) poAer anal&sis and poAer #actor@ -esonance in series -,7,C and parallel -7C circuits (usin;
comple' numBers BandAidth) Basic idea o# air core and iron core trans#ormers Aith simple anal&sis@
rotatin; ma;netic tied principle o# induction motor( 71$
D( 'o1in4 coi& 4a&1ano/e#er : Construction) Basic theor& and principle o# operation o# dead Beat and
Ballistic ;al1anometers includin; electroma;netic campin;) #lu' meter) principle o# Aatt,meter( 75
<( "yc&ic /a4ne#i=a#ion : 9,* loop and h&steresis 7$
N( 'a<2e&&7s E6a#ion : =uations statin; laAs o# electroma;netism Be#ore Ma'Aell>s introduction o#
displacement current and Ma'Aell>s e=uations in inte;ral and di##erential #orms Aith rele1ant
conclusions( 7!
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( MahaIan J -an;Aala lectricit& and ma;netism
$( ChatterIee J-akshit lectricit& and Ma;netism
!( 9hattachar&a lectrial Machines (ComBined edition) (%M")
4( "ri##iths lectrod&namics(
5( -esnik and *allida& Ph&sics II
/( 0an;ness lectroma;netic #ields
D( -ectG J Mil#ord Foundation o# lectoma;netic %heor&
<( 7aud lectroma;netics(
.ro- 8 B ) Ray O-#ics 6$0 7ectures8
1( In#ro0c#ion #o Ray O-#ics : Concept o# ra&s) "eometrical optics as short Aa1elen;th limit( "eometrical
and optical path len;ths( +er;ence o# a Beam) Farmat>s principle( 3pplication to re#lection and re#raction at
spherical sur#aces( 7!
$( 'a#ri< /e#ho0 in Para<ia& O-#ics : -e#raction) translation and s&stem matri'( S&stem matri' #or a thick
lens( :eri1ation o# thin and thick lens #ormulae( Principal planes) 5odal points( =ui1alent poAer( Matri'
description o# ima;e #ormation( *elmhoitG,7a;ran;e laA #or ma;ni#ication( 7!
!( A5erra#ions : Monochromatic aBerration: Spherical aBerration( Causes and remed& (no detailed deri1ation)(
4uantitati1e idea o# Coma) 3sti;matism) Cur1ature o# #ield) :istortion and their elimination( 3BBe>s sine
condition( 3planatic points( Condition o# aplanatism #or spherical lens and oil,immersion( .BIecti1e o# a
hi;h,poAer microscope(
(a) "hro/a#ic a5erra#ion) Chromatic aBerration o# a thin lens( 7on;itudinal and %rans1erse chromatic
aBerration) 3chromatic douBlet( Condition o# achromatism #or contact and separated douBlets( 7/
4( O-#ica& Ins#r/en#s : -amsden and *u&;ens Ke&e> pieces and their relati1e merits( .peratin; principle o#
re#lectin; and re#ractin; telescopes( 3n;ular ma;ni#ication( Simple and compound microscope( -esol1in;
poAers o# telescope) microscopes( 74
5( Fi5re O-#ics : Principle o# transmission o# li;ht in optical #iBres( Step,inde' and ;raded inde' #iBres
crosstalk( Sin;le and multimode #iBres( 5umerical aperture (5(3) and li;ht ;atherin; poAer( 3pplications
o# #iBre,optical de1ices( 74
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s :
H Me&er Introduciton to classical and modern optics (Prentice *all India0
3( "hatak .ptics (%ata Mc"raA *ill)
*echt and 3( LaIac .ptics (3ddision, 0esle&)
7( *eckl .ptics (Schaum)
.ROUP 8 ") E&ec#ronics 8 I (!5 7C%?-S8
1( Physics o3 Vac/ T5e De1ices : lectron emission #rom solids =ualitati1e discussion on di##erent t&pes
o# emission (thermo,ionic) secondar&) #ield and photo)( -ichardson>s e=uation statement and e'planation@
Fermi le1el and Aork #unction o# solids) structure o# a 1acuum diode) its 1olt ampere characteristics) Child,
7an;muir 7aA (out line onl&)@ structure o# 1acuum triode) its I,+ characteristics) tuBe parameters (

) r
p
)
;
m
)) e=ui1alent diode) triode as an ampli#&in; de1ice) h(#( limitation@ multi,electrode 1acuum,tuBes) structure
o# tetrode and pentode) I,+ characteristics) ne;ati1e resistance o# tetrode) special hi;h #re=uenc&
characteristics o# pentode) Beam poAer tuBe@ Basic structure and #unction o# a C-.( 7/
$( Physics o3 Se/icon0c#in4 'a#eria&s : Classi#ication o# materials Based on electrical conducti1it&@ metal)
insulator and semiconductor@ ener;& Band concept@ Band dia;ram@ concept o# hole@ intrinsic and e'trinsic
(impurit&) semiconductor) elemental and compound semiconductor) dopin;) laA o# mass action@ densities o#
maIorit& and minorit& carriers@ e##ecti1e mass and moBilit& o# holes and electrons@ direct Band ;ap and
indirect Band ;ap seminonductors@ importance o# silicon( 75
!( So&i0 S#a#e T2o E&ec#ro0e De1ice : -ecti#ier dioBes Concept o# di##usion current and dri#t current)
#ormation o# depletion la&er) unBiased and Biased p,n Iunction) #orAard Bias and re1erse Bias) deri1ation o#
the e'pression o# Iunction currents) discussion on I,+ characteristics) Iunction capacitance #or F(9 p,n
Iunctions) 1aractor dioBes) re1erse reco1er& time) sAitchin; speed@ a1alanche BreakdoAn and Lener
BreakdoAn o# Iunction dioBes@ Lener dioBes #aBrication and Basic structure) I,+ characteristics)
applications@ tunnel diode #aBrication or Basic structure) I,+ characteristics) d&namic ne;ati1e resistance:
photodiode principle o# operation) applications@ 7: #aBrication principle and applications@ metal
semiconductor Iunction diode special #eatures( 75
4( Po2er S--&y "irci#s : *al# Aa1e and #ull Aa1e recti#iers) e'pressions: ripple #actor) e##icienc&) dc( output
1olta;e@ Brid;e recti#ier@ capacitor #ilters@ 7,Section and

section #ilters (anal&sis not re=uired)@ 1olta;e

re;ulators Lener,diode Based re;ulators) three terminal IC re;ulators (outline onl&)( 74
5( So&i0 S#a#e Three E&ec#ro0e De1ices : 9ipolar Iunction transistor (9H%) Basic structure( n,p,n and p,n,p
t&pes) di##erent methods o# Biasin;) possiBilities o# emitter, Base and collector,Base Iunctions@ C) C9) CC
con#i;uration@ I,+ characteristics o# input and output ports in C9 and C con#i;uration) e'planation o# the
characteristics( Introduction o#

and

parameters@ cut,o##) acti1e) saturation and BreakdoAn re;ions o#

transistor operation@ :C models o# 9H% at di##erent re;ions o# operation@ #ield e##ect transistor H% and
its I,+ characteristics) pinch,o## 1olta;e) applications@ M.SF% structure) specialties) classi#ication o#
M.SF%,s) enhancement and depletion t&pes) t&pical applications@ structure) I,+ characteristics and
application@ SC- structure) I,+ characteristics and application( 75
/( S/a&& Si4na& B>T A/-&i3ier (Sin4&e S#a4e! ) 9iasin; proBlem o# 9H%) operatin; point o# a transistor
ampli#ier) t&pical Biasin; circuits #i'ed Bias) 1olta;e di1ider Bias Aith emitter resistor) Bias staBilit&
consideration and staBilit& parameters@ other Biasin; circuits collector Bias) emitter Bias@ ac e=ui1alent
circuit o# 9H%) simpli#ied h,parameter ac mode@ anal&sis o# C) C9 and CC ampli#iers #or 1olta;e ;ain)
current ;ain) input resistance and output resistance@ hi;h #re=uenc& e=ui1alent circuit o# transistor) Miller
e##ect) sin;le sta;e -,C coupled ampli#ier) ;ain,BandAidth consideration) hal# poAer #re=uenc&( 7<
D( Fee05ac( in A/-&i3iers : Feed Back principle) ne;ati1e and positi1e 1olta;e #eedBack@ e##ect o# ne;ati1e
#eedBack on the response o# ampli#ier in terms o# ;ain) staBilit&) input impedance) output impedance (no
mathematical deduction)) BandAidth and distortion o# the ampli#ier( 7$
Reco//en0e0 5oo(s)
F %erman lectronic and -adio n;ineerin; (Chapter /)
9 " Streetman Solid State lectronics :e1ices (Chapters $)!)4)
H( :( - lectronic Fundamental and 3pplication) Millman et al Microelectronics)
S M SGe Ph&sics o# Semiconductor :e1ices) Mal1ino lectronic Principles
Pa-er 8 V (Practical Paper) Full Marks: 50
;is# o3 -re-ara#ory e<-eri/en#s (/ periods per e'periments)
1( :etermination o# horiGontal component o# the earth>s ma;netic #ield (9
h
) at the place usin; de#lection
and 1iBration ma;netometers(
$( Measurement o# potential di##erence across a loA resistance and hence the current throu;h the resistance
Aith the help o# a potentiometer (resistance o# the potentiometer to Be measured B& a P(. 9o')
!( +eri#ication o# %he1enin and ma'imum poAer trans#er theorems usin; 0heatstone Brid;e Aith suitaBle
load resistances in place o# the ;al1anometer(
4( :etermination o# the temperature co,e##icient o# a material in the #orm o# coil o# Aire usin; meter,
Brid;e(
7ist o# Honors E<-eri/en#s (N periods per e'periment)
1( Construction o# .ne,.hm Coil
$( :etermination o# %hermal conducti1it& o# a Bad conductor B& 7ees and Charlton method(
!( :etermination o# speci#ic heat o# Aater B& Calendar and 9arne>s method(
4( :etermination o# C o# copper(
5( :etermination o# the Boilin; point o# a suitaBle li=uid usin; a platinum resistance thermometer(
Pa-er VI (Practical Paper) Full Marks: 50
;is# o3 Pre-ara#ory E<-eri/en#s (/ Periods per e'periments)
1( -esistance o# a suspended coil dead Beat ;al1anometer B& hal#,de#lection method and hence
calculation o# current sensiti1it& o# the ;al1anometer(
$( :etermination o# the constant o# a Ballistic ;al1anometer B& capacitor dischar;e method(
!( Stud& o# I,+ characteristics o# a suitaBle resistor and a Iunction diode Aithin speci#ied limit on a
;raph and hence to #ind dc and ac resistances o# Both the elements at the point o# intersection(
7ist o# Honors E<-eri/en#s (N Periods per e'periment)
1( :etermination o# the meltin; point o# a suitaBle solid(
$( :etermination o# the constant o# a Ballistic ;al1anometer usin; a suitaBle stand solenoid and B&
draAin; -, cur1e(
!( Stud& o# (i) static plate characteristics and calculation o#

J r
p
(ii) d&namic trans#er (mutual)
characteristics Aith three load resistances and calculation o# ;ains and comparison Aith theoretical
;ains(
4( Stud& o# re1erse characteristics o# a Lener diode and location o# Break doAn 1olta;e o# the Lener
diode) Airin; o# a #ull Aa1e recti#ier circuit usin; a center,tap trans#ormer) In 400D diodes and a
capacitor #ilter) stud& o# load re;ulation (+
7
I
7
) ;raph) use o# the Lener diode as a 1olta;e re;ulator
across the recti#ier circuit and stud& o# load re;ulation (+
7
I
7
) ;raph and comparison o# percenta;e
re;ulation at speci#ied 1alue o# I
7
(
5( Stud& o# (i) input characteristics o# a C mode silicon transistor under opened output) shorted output
conditions@ Calculation o# ac input resistances at a speci#ied I
9
1alue) (ii) output characteristics #or 5
di##erent Base currents o# the C mode transistor and calculation o#
dc

and
ac

at tAo speci#ied I
C
1alues(
Par#$III Full Marks 400
Pa-er 8 VII (%heoretical Paper) Full Marks 100
.ro-$A ) 'a#he/a#ica& 'e#ho0s 8 II 6$5 7ectures8
1( Fnc#ions o3 a "o/-&e< Varia5&e: Comple' numBer) 3r;and dia;ram)
"eometrical picture o# al;eBraic operations on comple' 1ariaBle( Sin;le
and multi,1alued #unctions) 3nal&tic #unctions) Cauch&,-iemann
e=uations) *armonic #unctions( 7/
$( "o/-&e< &ine in#e4ra&s: Cauch&>s inte;ral theorem (no proo# is re=uired)
#or simpl& connected re;ions( Simple conse=uence o# Cauch&>s theorem(
Cauch&>s inte;ral #ormulae( Poles( -esidue at a pole o# order n) Cauch&>s
residue theorem (statement)( 1aluation o# simple inte;rals Aith the help
o# residue theorem( 7N
!( ;inear Vec#or S-aces an0 'a#rices: :e#inition o# linear 1ector space
'amples( 7inear independence( 9asic and dimension o# a 1ector space
Scalar product( .rtho;onalit& o# 1ectors( 7inear trans#ormation( 7inear
operator( Matri' representation o# linear operator( Matri' al;eBra(
%ranspose o# a matri'( *ermitian conIu;ate( ?nitar& matri'( .rtho;onal
matri'( Matri' #or rotation in tAo dimensions( %he in1erse o# a matri'(
S&stem o# linear e=uations( i;en1alues and ei;en1ectors o# a s=uare
matri'( Simple proBlems( 710
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( ( Fre&sGi; 3d1anced n;ineerin; Mathematics (0ile&) Se1enth edition)
$( "( 3r#ken Mathematical Methods #or Ph&sicists (Prism 9ooks) #ourth edition
!( 9 S "reAal *i;her n;ineerin; Mathematics (Fhanna PuBlisher) :elhi
.ro-$B ) 'echanics 8 II 6$5 7ectures8
1( "ons#rain#s an0 "ons#raine0 'o#ion: Constraints and their
classi#ication( :e;rees o# #reedom( "eneraliGed coordinates( :i##iculties
Aith 5eAtonian #ormulation o# mechanics in the case o# motion in an
arBitrar& coordinate s&stem and #or motion under constraints(
7D
$( ;a4ran4ian Dyna/ics: lements o# the calculus o# 1ariations( Stationar&
1alue o# a de#inite inte;ral( %he Brachistochrone proBlem( *amilton>s
1ariational principle( :eri1ation o# 7a;ran;e>s e=uations o# motion #rom
*amilton>s principle( 7a;ran;e>s e=uations #or holonomic s&stems #rom
d>3lamBert>s principle( 3pplication o# 7a;nan;ian #ormalism to simple
s&stems( Sin;le particle in space descriBed B& Cartesian and plane,polar
coordinates( 3tAood>s machine) pendulum Aith a slidin; support) douBle
pendulum( Particle in a central #ield o# #orce) motion o# a dumBBell in a
1ertical plane( "eneraliGed momenta and ener;&( C&clic or i;noraBle
coordinates( Space,time s&mmetries( Conser1ation o# linear and an;ular
momentum and ener;& #rom 7a;ran;ian #ormulation(
710
!( The Ha/i&#onian For/a&is/: 7e;endre>s dual trans#ormation to the
7a;ran;ian o# a s&stem( *amilton>s #unction and *amilton>s e=uations o#
motion( Properties o# the *amiltonian and *amilton>s e=uations o#
motion( *amilton>s e=uations o# motion #or holonomic s&stems #rom
1ariational principle( 3pplication o# *amiltonian #ormalism to simple
proBlems(
7<
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( M( -( Spie;el %heoretical Mechanics (Schaum series) Mc"raA *ill)(
$( 5 C -ana and P S Hoa; Classical Mechanics (%M*)(
!( *( "oldstein Classical Mechanics
.ro-$") S#a#is#ica& 'echanics 6!5 7ectures8
1( Pro5a5i&i#y #heory: ProBaBilit& o# occurrence o# an e1ent) theorems o#
total proBaBilit& and compound proBaBilit&( 9inomial) Poisson>s and
"aussian distriBution( -andom errors) mean 1alue) 1ariance) standard
de1iation( -andom,Aalk proBlem in one dimension( 7!
$( S#a#is#ica& 0escri-#ion o3 Sys#e/s o3 -ar#ic&es: 5eed #or statistical
approach) phase space) microstates and macrostates) statistical ensemBles
isolated) closed and open s&stems) postulate o# e=ual a priori
proBaBilit&) numBer o# accessiBle states and entrop&( partition #unction)
thermod&namic #unctions in terms o# partition #unction) mean ener;& and
mean pressure e'erted) 1alidit& o# classical appro'imation) e=uipartition
theorem) speci#ic heat o# a monatomic ideal ;as) mean kinetic ener;& o# a
;as molecule) mean ener;& o# a harmonic oscillator) 9roAnian motion
7an;e1in>s and instein>s theories) determination o# 31o;adro>s numBer( 7/
!( "&assica& S#a#is#ics : Ma'Aell,9oltGmann (M9) distriBution) 1olume o# a
uniphase cell) numBer o# accessiBle state) most proBaBle distriBution and
M9 distriBution laA) entrop&) "iBBs> parado') Sackur %etrode #ormula)
Ma'Aell>s laA o# distriBution o# molecular speeds #rom M9 statistics(
Speci#ic heat o# h&dro;en ortho,and para,h&dro;en(
7/
4( ?an#/ s#a#is#ics: Identical particles) S&mmetr& o# Aa1e #unctions:
Bosoms and #ermions) =uantiGation o# phase space) numBer o# accessiBle
states o# 9ose,instein (9) and Fermi :irac (F:) distriButions) most
proBaBle distriBution and distriBution laAs) de;enerac& parameter)
conditions under Ahich =uantum statistics reduces to 9olGmann statistics( 75
5( I0ea& Bose 4as: %hermod&namic Beha1ior) 9ose,instein condensation)
condensation temperature) application to photons and deri1ation o#
Planck>s laA o# BlackBod& radiation) phonons) lattice speci#ic heat o#
solids( instein>s and :eB&e>s theories( :eB&e temperature(
75
/( B&ac(5o0y ra0ia#ion: 5ature o# BlackBod& radiation) BlackBod& its
practical realiGation) emissi1e and aBsorpti1e poAers) Statement o#
Firchho#>s laA) radiation pressure and ener;& densit&( Ste#an,
9oltGmann>s laA deri1ation #rom Planck>s laA) ener;& distriBution in a
BlackBod& spectrum , 0ien>s distriBution laA and -a&lei;h, Heans laAs
as special cases o# Planck>s laA) 0ien>s displacement laA #rom Planck>s
laA) temperature o# stars) solar constant(
75
D( Fer/i$Dirac 0is#ri5#ion: F: #unction at %O0 and %P0) Fermi ener;&)
null,point ener;& and null,point pressure) Fermi le1el) de;enerate #ree
election ;as) speci#ic heat o# #ree electron ;as) thermionic emission)
deri1ation o# -ichardson,:ushman e=uation(
75
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( F( -ei# Statistical Ph&sics) 9erkele& Ph&sics Course( +ol( +( Mc"raA *ill
$( F( -ei# Fundamentals o# Statistical and %hermal Ph&sics) Mc"raA *ill
!( M 5 Saha J 9(5( Sri1asta1a treatise on *eat@ Indian Press) 3llahaBad(
4( -( :( Present Finetic theor& o# "ases) Mc,"raA *ill
5( F(0( Sears and "(7( Salin;er %hermod&namics) Finetic %heor& and Statistical
%hermod&namics) 5arosa PuBlishin; *ouse(
.ro- 8 D) So&i0 S#a#e Physics 6!5 7ectures8
1( "rys#a& S#rc#re : Cr&stalline and amorphous solids( %ranslational
s&mmetr&( lementar& ideas o# point s&mmetr& operations( Cr&stal
structure( 7attice and Basis( ?nit cells( %he sc) Bcc and #cc structures(
Miller indices( Planes and directions in cuBic cr&stals( %he reciprocal
lattice( 2,ra& di##raction( 7aue and 9ra;; e=uations( Aald construction(
'perimental di##raction methods( %he poAder method( 710
$( "rys#a& Bin0in4 : :i##erent t&pes o# Bindin;( +an,der,0aals interaction(
9indin; o# inert ;as atoms( Ionic cr&stals( Madelun; constant( Cohesi1e
ener;& o# ionic cr&stals Aith repulsi1e interactions o# the t&pe e'p
( )
ij
R
or
n
ij
R

75
!( Die&ec#ric Pro-er#ies o3 'a#eria&s : PolariGation) 7orentG local #ield(
Induced and oriental polariGation( 7an;e1in>s theor& o# orientational
polariGaBilit&( Classical theor& o# electronic polariGaBilit&( Clausius,
Mosotti relation(
74
4( E&ec#ron S#a#es in So&i0s : Classical #ree electron theor& and its de#ects(
Sommer#eld>s #ree electron theor& o# metals( Free electron ;as in three
dimensions( Fermi ener;&) temperature) 1elocit& and momentum(
lectrical and thermal conducti1it& o# #ree electron metals( 0iedmann,
FranG laA( *all e##ect( *all coe##icient in one and tAo,Band models( 7<
5( 'a4ne#ic Pro-er#ies o3 'a#eria&s : :ia,) para,) and #erroma;netism(
7an;i1in>s theor& o# diama;netism( 7an;e1in>s classical theor& o#
parama;netism( lementar& =uantum theor& o# parama;netism( Curie>s
laA( ##ecti1e numBer o# 9ohr ma;netons( "ou& method #or the
measurement o# the ma;netic susceptiBilit&( Ferroma;netism( 0eiss
molecular #ield theor&( :omain structure( *&sterisis( 7<
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( C Fittel Solid State Ph&sics (Hohn 0ile&)
$( 3 H :ekker Solid State Ph&sics ( PaperMac)
!( - F Puri J + F 9aBBar Solid State Ph&sics ( S( Chand)
Pa-er$ VIII (%heoretical Paper) Full Marks: 100
.ro- 8 A) Osci&a#ions an0 Wa1e 6$5 7ectures8
1( S-er-osi#ion o3 /any S.H.' s : 0ith constant phase di##erence and
#re=uenc& di##erence (use o# comple' method) 9eat) 7issaIous #i;ures(
%Ao pendulums connected B& sprin; strin; Aith n Beads normal modes
and normal 1iBrations ener;& e'chan;e( 75
$( Da/-e0 an0 3orce0 osci&&a#ion : Sin;le treatment stead& state
resonance) 4 #actor) poAer dissipation) sharpness o# resonance) Band
Aidth) 4,#actor and Band Aidth) Mechanical #ilter) transient Beats(
ComBination tone
75
!( E6a#ion o3 -&ane -ro4ressi1e 2a1e : Spherical and c&lindrical Aa1es
1alidit& o# in1erse s=uare laA mechanical Aa1es in solids) li=uids and
;ases( 9el and Phon) aBsolute and relati1e intensit&) standin; Aa1es and
Fundt>s tuBe(
75
4( Resona#or : ?ltrasonic ;enerators and detectors( 9uildin; acoustics
SaBine #ormula) re1erBeration time and optimum re1erBeration( 75
5( Vi5ra#ion o3 S#rin4s : :i##erential e=uation #or trans1erse Aa1es( Plucked
and Struck Strin;s) normal modes) ener;& o# a 1iBratin; strin;( 75
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( 9aIaI 0a1e J .scillatons
$( - ChoAdhuri 0a1es J .scillations
!( CroA#ord 0a1es) 9arkele& Course o# Ph&sics , III
.ro- 8 B) Wa1e O-#ics 6!0 7ectures8
1( Wa1e Na#re o3 ;i4h# : lectroma;netic nature o# li;ht Aa1es(
lectroma;netic spectrum( 0a1e e=uation( Plane) c&lindrical and spherical
Aa1es( *u&;en>s principle( 7$
$( In#er3erence : Inter#erence BetAeen tAo independent sources( Spatial and
temporal coherence( %Ao,Beam inter#erence( Inter#erence o# li;ht B& di1ision o#
Aa1e #ront and di1ision o# amplitude( Moun;>s douBle slit( Fresnel>s Biprism(
7lo&id>s mirror( Michelson>s inter#erometer( Circular and strai;ht #rin;es(
+isiBilit& o# #rin;es( Multiple,Beam inter#erence( Inter#erence in thin #ilms(
*aidin;er and 9reAster #rin;es( 7ocaliGation o# #rin;es( 5eAton>s rin;s( FaBr&,
Perot inter#erometer( Intensit& #ormula( Coe##icient o# #ineness( -esol1in;
poAer( FaBr&,Perot etalon and its applications( 0iener>s e'periment( 710
!( :i##raction: Fresnel di##raction( :i1ision o# Aa1e,#ront into hal#,period Gones(
Lone plate( -ectilinear propa;ation( Fraunho#er di##raction( :i##raction at a
sin;le and at tAo parallel slits( Plane di##raction ;ratin;( -esol1in; poAer(
-a&lei;h>s criterion( -esol1in; poAers o# telescope) microscope and prism(
-esol1in; and dispersi1e poAer o# a plane di##raction ;ratin;( Conca1e ;ratin;
(Brie# discussion)(
7<
4( ;i4h# Pro-a4a#ion in Aniso#ro-ic "rys#a&s : Propa;ation o# a plane
electroma;netic Aa1e in an anisotropic medium( Fresnel e=uation( PossiBle
t&pes o# Aa1es( :ependence o# ;roup 1elocit& on direction( .ptical a'is)
9ia'ial and unia'ial cr&stals( 9ire#rin;ence( .rdinar& and e'traordinar& ra&s(
*u&;en>s construction( 3nal&sis o# polariGed li;ht( *al#,Aa1e and =uarter,
Aa1e plates( 5icol Prism( 9aBinet>s compensator( .ptical acti1it&( Fresnel>s
e'planation( Molecular Basis o# optical acti1it&) Farada& e##ect) Ferr and Pockel
e##ects( :etermination o# the speed o# li;ht usin; Ferr cell(
7D
5( ;asers : Ideas o# stimulated and spontaneous emission( .rdinar& and laser li;ht(
Characteristics o# laser li;ht( Principles underl&in; ;eneration o# laser li;ht( Population
in1ersion( Pumpin;( .ptical resonator( -uB& laser) *,5e laser( 7!
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( 3( 5( Mat1ee1 .ptics (Mir)) ( *echt and LaIac .ptics (3ddison,0esle&)
.ro- 8 ") E&ec#ro0yna/ics 8 II 6$0 7ectures8
1( 'a<2e&&7s E6a#ions : Ma'Aell>s e=uations inside matter( 9oundar&
conditions( +ector and scalar potentials( CoulomB and 7orentG ;au;es( Field
ener;& and #ield momentum( Po&ntin;>s theorem( Pointin; 1ector( 75
$( E&ec#ro/a4ne#ic Wa1es : Plane Aa1es in isotropic dielectric media( ner;&
and momentum o# electro,ma;netic Aa1es( Intensit&( Plane Aa1es in
conductin; media( Skin e##ect( -e#lection at a conductin; sur#ace( PolariGation
o# electroma;netic Aa1e and their mathematical representation( -e#lection and
re#raction o# plane Aa1es at a plane inter#ace BetAeen dielectrics( Fresnel>s
relations( PolariGation B& re#lection( 9reAster>s an;le( %otal internal re#lection( 7D
!( Ra0io 2a1e Pro-a4a#ion : Modes o# e(m( Aa1e propa;ation throu;h space
;round Aa1e( Sk& Aa1e) line,o#,si;ht propa;ation@ mechanism o# ionospheric
re#lection@ critical #re=uenc&) M?F and optimum #re=uenc&(
7$
4( Sca##erin4 an0 Dis-ersion : Scatterin; cross,section) Scatterin; o# radiation B&
a #ree char;e( %homson scatterin; cross,section (the #ormula #or the time
a1era;e o# the poAer radiated per unit solid an;le B& a char;ed particle ma& Be
assumed)( Scatterin; B& a Bound char;e (assumin; the dampin; term)( -a&lei;h
scatterin; cross,section( 9lue colour o# the sk&) dispersion( lementar& theor&
o# normal and anomalous dispersion( Cauch&>s #ormula( 7/
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( :( H( "ri##iths Introduction to lectrod&namics (P*I)
$( H( :( Hackson Classical lectrod&namics (0ile& astern)
.ro- 8 D) E&ec#ronics 8 II 645 7ectures8
1( Re1ie2 o3 B>T A/-&i3ier) :esi;n principle and techni=ue o# ac anal&sis( 7!
$( Special Purpose 3mpli#iers: Cascaded 9H% ampli#iers tAo sta;e - C
coupled and trans#ormer coupled ampli#iers@ lar;e si;nal ampli#iers
distinction BetAeen 1olta;e and poAer ampli#iers) class 3) class 9 and class C
operation o# ampli#iers@ class 3 poAer ampli#ier e'pression o# Concept o#
push,pull con#i;uration@ tuned ampli#ier re=uirements o# -F ampli#ication)
impedance o# a tuned circuit) ;ain and BandAidth o# sin;le tuned ampli#ier)
douBle tuned ampli#ier (=ualitati1e discussion onl&)(
7D
!( E&ec#ronic Osci&&a#ors) Classi#ication sinusoidal and rela'ation) audio
#re=uenc& and radio #re=uenc&) #eedBack and ne;ati1e resistance@ 9arkhausen
criterion and oscillator principle@ -,C Phase Shi#t .scillator) 0ien Brid;e
oscillator@ deri1ation o# condition o# oscillation@ ;eneral reactance oscillator
circuit and deri1ation o# condition and #re=uenc& o# oscillation) hence *artle&
and Colpitts oscillators@ 3staBle multi1iBrator circuit usin; 9H% principle o#
operation and #re=uenc& o# oscillation(
7<
4( Princi-&e o3 'o0&a#ion an0 De/o0&a#ion : 5eed #or modulation) its t&pes@
amplitude modulation anal&sis modulation inde') #re=uenc& spectrum) poAer
anal&sis) collector modulator circuit and its Aorkin;@ n1elope detector usin;
diode) Fre=uenc& modulation (sin;le tone) anal&sis) peak de1iation) FM
inde') #re=uenc& spectrum (statements onl&)) Cursson>s rule@ Principle o#
detection o# FM si;nal@ Phase modulation,relation BetAeen FM and PM@
elements o# 3M Broadcastin; (outline onl&)( 710
5( O-era#iona& A/-&i3ier) 7inear ampli#ier Aith tAo input terminals and one
output terminal@ common mode ;ain and di##erence mode ;ain) CM--@ .P,
3MP as in ideal di##erence ampli#ier@ idea o# in1ertin; and non, in1ertin;
inputs@ characteristics o# ideal and practical .P,3MPs@ +irtual ;round and
application o# .P,3MP as in1ertin; ampli#ier) unit& ;ain Bu##er) adder) phase
shi#ter) inte;rator) di##erentiator and di##erential ampli#ier@ di;ital,to,analo;
con1erter circuit@ Basic principle o# analo; to di;ital con1erter( 75
/( Di4i#a& E&ec#ronics) 5umBer s&stems decimal) Binar&) octal) he'adecimal
and their inter,con1ersions (inte;er and #raction)) Binar& addition and
suBtraction) 1>s and $>s complement) method o# suBtraction(
9oolean al;eBra: 9asic postulates and laAs) aBsorption theorems and :e
Mor;an>s theorem) simpli#ication o# 9oolean e'pressions (simple e'ample and
proBlems)) Farnau;h mappin; upto 4 1ariaBles techni=ues and e'amples(
7o;ic ;ates and some applications: 35:) .- and 5.% ;ates #unctional
e'planation Aith truth taBles) 2,.- ;ate) 5.- and 535: ;ates as uni1ersal
;ates) idea o# positi1e and ne;ati1e lo;ic s&stems@ implementation o# .- and
535: ;ates Aith diodes and resistors) 5.% ;ate usin; transistor)
comBinational lo;ic circuits *al# adder) #ull adder) Binar& comparator)
multiple'er and demultiple'er@ se=uential lo;ic circuits S-) HF #lip,#lops( 71$
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( F %erman lectronic and -adio n;ineerin;
$( H : -&der lectronic Fundamentals and 3pplications
!( : -odd& and Coolen lectronic Communications
4( Millman et al Microelectronics
5( - P Hain Modern :i;ital lectronics
/( Mal1ino and 7each :i;ital Principles and 3pplications
D( Mal1ino lectronic Principles
Pa-er 8 I@ (%heoretical Paper) Full Marks: 100
.ro- 8 A) A#o/ic Physics 6$< 7ectures8
1( 9ack;round e'periments: Particle like properties o# radiation( %he photo,
electric e##ect maIor characteristic #eatures( instein>s =uantum theor& o#
photoelectric e##ect( Compton e##ect( 0a1e like properties o# particles( de
9ro;lie>s postulate( :e 9ro;lie 0a1en;th( :a1isson,"ermer e'periment( %he
Aa1e,particle dualit&( 7D
$( A#o/ic 'o0e&s an0 O&0 ?an#/ Theory) 7ine spectra o# atoms( *&dro;en
series( 9almer #ormula( -&dBer;>s constant( 9ohr>s postulate o# =uantiGation o#
an;ular momentum( 4uantiGation o# ener;& o# one,electron atoms( Correction
#or #inite nuclear mass( Sin;l& ioniGed helium( Frank and *ertG e'periment(
IoniGation ener;&( 0ilson,Sommer#ed =uantiGation rule and its applications(
Sommer#eld>s elliptic orBits (deri1ation not re=uired)( %he correspondence
principle( Features o# old =uantum theor&(
7D
!( One$e&ec#ron A#o/s) %he Stern,"erlach e'periment( lectron spin( Spin
=uantum numBers S and m
s
( .rBital and spin ma;netic moment) ;&roma;netic
ratios( Couplin; BetAeen orBital and spin an;ular momenta) Conditions
satis#ied B& I and m
I(
Spectra o# alkali atoms( Principal) sharp and di##use series(
:ouBlet structure( Spectroscopic notation( Fine structure( Simpli#ied account o#
spin,orBit interaction( 3tomic transitions and selection rules (=ualitati1e
discussion)( 3tom in a ma;netic #ield( 5ormal and anomalous Leeman e##ect(
Simple deri1ation o# ma;netic ener;& is 1ector model( 7ande>s ;,#actor(
7D
4( 'any$e&ec#ron a#o/s an0 'o&ec&es) Pauli>s e'clusion principle( Shell
structure) periodic taBle( 9rie# discussion on 7S couplin; scheme( *und>s rule
(Statement and illustration)( 2,ra& spectra( Continuous and characteristic
spectra( Mosele&>s laA( lementar& theor& o# rotational( 1iBrational and
electronic spectra o# molecules( -aman e##ect( 7D
.ro- 8 B ) S-ecia& Theory o3 Re&a#i1i#y 6$$ 7ectures8
1( E<-eri/en#a& Bac(4ron0) 3Berration( FiGeau>s e'periment( Michelson,
Morle& e'periment( instein>s postulates( 7orentG trans#ormation( Space,time
inter1al and its in1ariance( Space,like and time,like inter1als( %he li;ht cone(
Proper len;th and proper time,inter1al( 7en;th contraction( %ime dilation(
'perimental 1eri#ication( 7aA o# addition o# 1elocities alon; the same line)
aBerration and :oppler e##ect in the li;ht o# 7orentG trans#ormation e=uations( 7<
$( Re&a#i1e 'echanics) %he ;eometric representation o# space,time(
"eometrical interpretation o# 7orentG trans#ormation e=uations( Four,1ector
#ormalism (Aith 2
4
,ict)( +elocit& #our 1ector( %rans#ormation e=uations #or
#our,1ectors(
+ariation o# mass Aith 1elocit&( 'perimental 1eri#ication( Co1ariant
#ormulation o# 5eAton>s laA o# motion( Four,momentum( Finetic ener;&(
Momentum,ener;& #our 1ector( Mass,ener;& e=ui1alence( 'perimental
1eri#ication( Simple proBlems on collisions o# relati1istic particles(
7D
!( E&ec#ro/a4ne#is/) Consistenc& o# classical electroma;netism Aith the
special theor& o# relati1it&( %he interdependence o# electric and ma;netic
#ields( %rans#ormation e=uations #or j and

( Four,current densit&(
%rans#ormation e=uations #or
E
and
B
( In1ariance o# Ma'Aell>s e=uations
under 7orentG trans#ormation(
7D
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( -( -esnick Introduction to Special %heor& o# -elati1it& (0ile& astern)
$( -( "autreau and 0( Sa1in Modern Ph&sics (Sahaum)
.ro- 8 ") ?an#/ 'echanics 6!0 7ectures8
1( Basic Pos#&a#es o3 ?an#/ Theory) %he ?ncertaint& principle( IncompatiBilit&
o# position and momentum *eisenBer;>s thou;ht e'periment Aith ;amma,ra&
microscope( 3nal&sis o# Moun;>s douBle,slit e'periment( ?ncertaint& principle as a
conse=uence o# Aa1e packet description o# particles( 4uantum mechanical concept
o# measurement( %he polariGation e'periment( 4uantum mechanical description o#
the state o# a s&stem( .Bser1aBles( .Bser1aBles as operators( -esults o# measurin;
an oBser1aBle( i;en 1alues and i;en #unctions( 'pansion postulate)
ortho;onalit& and completeness( 7<
$( SchrA0in4er7s E6a#ions) PlausiBilit& ar;uments leadin; to SchrQdin;er>s Aa1e
e=uation in one dimension( "eneraliGation to three dimensions( =uation o#
continuit&( ProBaBilit& densit& and current densit&( Statistical interpretation o# Aa1e
#unctions( 5ormaliGation 'pectation 1alues( SchrQdin;er operators #or position)
momentum and ener;&( SchrQdin;er>s time,independent e=uation( Stationar&
states( -e=uired properties o# i;en #unctions( 9oundar& conditions #or Bound and
unBound states (statements onl&)(
710
!( A--&ica#ion #o Si/-&e Sys#e/) Free particle or a particle in a constant potential(
%he step potential( 9arrier potential %unnelin;( Particle in one,dimensional Bo'(
%he linear harmonic oscillator( Classical motion( Procedure #or solution o# the
SchrQdin;er>s e=uation( (Form o# the e=uation) Boundar& condition and hoA the&
lead to ei;en1alues( Solution in terms o# *ermite pol&nomials is not
re=uiredCessential)( Lero,point ener;&( i;en#ucnitons and their parit&( Particle in a
three,dimensional Bo'( :e;enerac&( Separation o# the SchrQdin;er e=uation in
three dimensions #or central #orces( -adial and an;ular part o# the Aa1e#unction
(Solution o# the e=uation is not re=uired)( %he centri#u;al potential( *&dro;en atom
proBlem( ner;& ei;h1alues( 4uantum numBers( "round state Aa1e #unction(
?ncertaint& principle and ;round state radius( .rBital an;ular momentum( Classical
de#inition 3ssociated operators( i;en1alues and ei;en#unctions o# 7
$
and 7
L
(
71$
.ro- 8 D) Nc&ear Physics 640 7ectures8
1( S#rc#re an0 Pro-er#ies o3 Nc&ei) Introductor& sur1e&( Comparison o#
nuclear and atomic ener;& scales and siGes( 3lpha ra& scatterin;( -uther#ord
#ormula( Static properties o# nuclei( Mass) radius) ma;netic dipole moment(
Spin and parit&( 9rie# discussion on methods o# determination o# 1arious
nuclear properties( :etermination o# atomic masses B& the 3ston and
9ainBrid;e mass spectro;raph( Isotopic masses and nuclear constitution( Mass
de#ect and packin; #raction( 5uclear Bindin; ener;& and separation ener;&(
31era;e Bindin; ener;& per nucleon( 9indin; ener;& cur1e( S&stematics o#
staBle nuclei( StaBilit& cur1e( 9ethe0eiGsacker>s mass #ormula( 4ualitati1e
ar;uments in support o# the #ormula) discussion on staBilit&) :isco1er& o#
neutron) hal#,li#e o# neutron(
5uclear #orces( 4ualitati1e discussion on ran;e) e'chan;e nature) stren;th)
char;e independence saturation( 710
$( -adio,acti1it&: .utline o# "amoA>s theor& o# alpha,deca&( -an;e and ner;&(
"ie;er 5utal laA( 7on; ran;e and #ine structure o# alpha particles(
9eta deca&: lectron and positron emission( lectron capture( 4,1alues o#

,
deca&s( Continuous Beta spectrum( 5eutrino h&pothesis( -eines and CoAan>s
e'periment( Madam 0u>s e'periment and results( 7/
!( De#ec#ion o3 Nc&ear Par#ic&es an0 Par#ic&e Acce&era#or) Passa;e o# char;ed
particles throu;h matter (no deri1ation is re=uired)( IoniGation chamBer(
Proportional counter( "(M( counter( Cloud chamBer( 9uBBle chamBer(
Scintillation counter( 7inear accelerator( C&clic accelerator( C&clotron and
9etatron(
7/
4( Nc&ear 'o0e&s) 7i=uid drop model( Shell model( 'perimental e1idence in
support o# the shell model( Ma;ic numBers( Spin,orBit interaction( "round State
con#i;uration #rom the shell model( 75
5( Nc&ear Reac#ions) 4,1alue o# a nuclear reaction( 4,e=uation( %hreshold
ener;& o# an endoer;ic reaction( Conser1ation principles ;o1ernin; nuclear
reactions( 5uclear #ission( %hermonuclear reactions and #usion( 75
/( "os/ic Rays) 5ature o# primar& cosmic ra&s and their ener;& ran;e( Cosmic
ra& shoAers( :isco1er& o# positron( :isco1er& and deca& o# pion) muon and
kaon( 74
D( E&e/en#ary Par#ic&es) Classi#ication o# elementar& particles( 7eptons) mesons
and Bar&ons( 4uantum numBers) Conser1ation laAs( Four #undamental
interactions( 4uarks( 74
Reco//en0e0 Boo(s)
1( *(S( Mani and "(I( Mehta Introduction Modern Ph&sics (0ile& astern)
$( F( -ichtm&er) ( Fennard and H( Cooper Introduction to Modern Ph&sics (%M*)
!( -( isBer; and -( -esnick 4uantum Ph&sics (0ile&)(
4( :(C( %a&al 5uclear Ph&sics (himala&a PuBlishin; *ouse0(
5( S(5( "hosal 3tomic Ph&sics: 1ol I J II( 2
Pa-er 8 @ (Practical Paper) Full Marks 50
BO-#ica& e<-eri/en#s8
;is# o3 Pre-ara#ory E<-eri/en#s (/ periods per e'periments)
1( :etermination o# the an;le o# a prism Aith the help o# a spectrometer(
$( :etermination o# the radius o# cur1ature o# a con1e' lens B& 5eAton>s rin; e'periment and
comparison o# this 1alue Aith that measured B& a spherometer and hence determination o# re#racti1e
inde' o# a li=uid(
!( %o draA the, i cur1e #or a prism(
7ist o# Honors E<-eri/en#s (N Periods per 'periment)
1( %o draA n cur1e #or a material o# a prism usin; a spectrometer and to calculate dispersi1e poAer(
$( :etermination o# the mean Aa1elen;th o# :,lines o# sodium Aith the help o# Fresnel>s Biprism and
optical Bench(
!( :etermination o# the Aidth o# the ;i1en sin;le slit producin; a Fraunho#er di##raction pattern and
comparison Aith the 1alue o# the Aidth measured B& a tra1elin; microscope( 6-eadin; 1arnier scale on
the spectrometer ma& Be alloAed8(
4( :etermination o# the numBer o# rulin;s per mm o# a plane di##raction ;ratin; and the Aa1elen;th o# an
unknoAn line Aith the help o# spectrometer(
5( :etermination o# the numBer o# rulin; per mm o# a plane di##raction ;ratin; and the Aidth o# a slit
adIusted #or resol1in; :,lines o# sodium(
/( CaliBration o# a polarimeter and determination o# a concentration o# the ;i1en acti1e solution(
D( +eri#ication o# Fresnel>s e=uation usin; spectrometer and polaroid(
Pa-er 8 @I (Practical Paper) Full Marks 50
BE&ec#rica& an0 E&ec#ronic e<-eri/en#sC
;is# o3 -re-ara#ory e<-eri/en#s (/ periods #or e'periments)
1( :etermination o# Band ;ap o# a semiconductor usin; thermistor(
$( :etermination o# the ma;netic 9,#ield in the ;ap o# the poles o# an electroma;net usin; a search coil and a
Ballistic ;al1anometer(
!( :etermination o# amplitudes) #re=uencies and phase di##erences o# tAo related sinusoidal 1olta;es Aith a
C-.(
4( %o construct .-) 35: J 5.% ;ates usin; discrete components and to 1eri#& the (i) truth taBle (ii) :e
Mor;an>s theorem) and to estaBlish 535: ;ates as uni1ersal ;ates usin; IC chips(
7ist o# Honors E<-eri/en#s (N P-I.:S P- 2P-IM5%)
1( :etermination o# a hi;h resistance B& the method o# char;e,leaka;e #rom capacitor Aith the help o# a
Ballistic ;al1anometer(
$( %o draA 9,* loop #or a #erroma;netic material in the #orm o# an anchor rin; Aith the help o# a
standard solenoid and a Ballistic ;al1anometer and to estimate the correspondin; h&steresis loss(
!( :etermination o# the mutual inductance o# tAo coils at di##erent an;les
( )
Aith the help o# a Ballistic
;al1anometer B& Care& Foster dc( method and to draA M,(

) ;raph(
4( :etermination o# sel# inductance 7
1
and 7
$
o# tAo coils and 1eri#ication o# laAs o# inductance in series
and in parallel usin; a dc ;al1anometer and an ac null de#lector B& 3nderson>s method(
5( %o stud& the #re=uenc& response o# a C mode transistor( Measure +
i
and +
0
#or three di##erent load
impedances) plot ;raphs on semi,lo; paper o# #re=uenc& response) and #ind the relation o# ;ain and
BandAidth o# the ampli#ier(
/( :esi;n and stud& the response o# op,amp Based circuits as (Aith o##set null adIustment)
i( In1ertin; dc and ac ampli#ier o# speci#ic ;ain(
ii( 5on,in1ertin; dc and ac ampli#ier o# speci#ic ;ain(
iii( 0ei;hted adder producin; output +
0
O k
1
1
1
E k
$
1
$
#or di##erent 1alues o# k
1
and F
$
k
1
and k
$
can Be
positi1e or ne;ati1e numBers)(
D( :etermination o# eCm o# electron B& usin; a cathode ra& tuBe and a pair o# ma;nets(