Animal Tissues

Kingdom Animalia are consists of multicellular eukaryotic organisms. And they are characterized by
complex tissue organization. Animal cells having similar structure and performing definite functions in
the animal body constitutes tissue. Various animal tissues having different functions are organized to
become organs.
I. Epithelial Tissues- composed of cells which form a continuous layer of sheet covering the
body surface or lining cavities within the body. They perform protection secretion,
excretion, absorption, lubrication (glandular) sensory reception, and reproduction.
Examples: skin, lining of digestive tract, lining of kidney tubules, lining of windpipe and
lungs
A. According to shape of cells:
1. Squamous Cell- is a thin flattened cell resembling tiles in a floor or scale-like.
2. Cuboidal Cell- the height of cell body is about equal to the width, cube-like
appearance.
3. Columnar Cell- the height greatly exceeds the width resembling pillars.
4. Ciliated Cell- bears on its exposed surface numerous short hairlike extensions
called cilia.
5. Flagellated- have one or more whiplike cytoplasmic processes called flagella on
the exposed surface.
6. Spherical- rounded or oval in shape.
7. Polygonal- resembles a closed polygon.

B. Arrangement of Cells in Epithelial Sheets:
1. Simple- composed of a membrane but one cell in thickness.
2. Transitional- cells are arranged in two or more distinct layers of varied cell
shape that is the superficial layer is of large umbrella shaped cells, its middle
layer composed of several layers of polygonal cells and the basal layer
composed of low columnar cells or small polyhedral cells.
3. Stratified- cells are arranged in two or more distinct layers.
4. Pseudostratified- cells are arranged in two or more indistinct layers.

C. According to Shape and Arrangement:
1. Simple squamous or pavement epithelium- a single layer of flat cells or thin
platelike cells is arranged in a single layer.
2. Simple cuboidal epithelium- made up of line layer of cuboidal cells lining of
ducts, thyroid gland, and the kidney tubules such as the uriniferous tubules.
3. Simple columnar epithelium- a layer of columnar cells adhere to each other
along longitudinal or lateral surface
4. According to Function:


II. Connective and Supportive Tissues- composed of cells and interspersed fibers suspended in
a semi- fluid amorphous ground substances. There primary function is for support and for
binding the different parts of the body together.


III. Muscular and Contractile Tissues- movement of most animals result from the contraction of
elongate, cylindrical or spindle- shaped cells. The property of contractility is highly
developed in myofibrils in their cytoplasm which are capable of contraction in one direction
only.

IV. Nervous and Conductive Tissue- fundamental tissue that integrates the functions of various
organs of the body. Properties of irritability and conductivity (receive and transmit impulses)
are highly developed; arise from the ectoderm.


V. Blood or Vascular Tissue- consist of the blood and a circulating tissue which transport
nutrients, gases, waste materials and hormones; protects the body from disease causing
organisms (immunity), and blood clotting.