Global warming can be defned as the increase of the average temperature
on Earth. As the Earth gets hotter natural disasters like foods, earthquakes and hurricanes get more frequent. In the last centur, measurements of temperature taken b instruments on land and sea have revealed that during the !" centur the Earth#s surface and lower part of the atmosphere has seemed to have warmed up b an average of ".$ %entigrade. Green house gases emissions that are man made like nitrous o&ide, carbon di o&ide and methane have increased because of deforestation and burning fossil fuels for transportation and energ uses. 'his causes damage to plants and can hurt animals and human beings to the e&tent of their ding because the cannot tolerate the climate changes.
G(EE)*+,-E E..E%'/ 0hen the heat and light from the sun is trapped in the atmosphere, the temperature rises and this is called the greenhouse e1ect. -ometimes temperature can change in a wa that helps us. 'he greenhouse e1ect makes the Earth an appropriate place for us to live on2 the same beneft is for animals and plants too. 0ithout it the Earth would be either free3ing or ver hot, but e&cessive greenhouse gas emissions can harm us. If the climate gets to e&treme conditions of heat or free3ing because of global warming crops cannot grow, animals cannot live and as a result our food suppl will lessen and cause human e&tinction. It a1ects oceans and life in the oceans. All ecosstems on Earth will be a1ected dangerousl. 'hese are some of the concerns about global warming that are discussed worldwide regularl. )ations have reached agreements to reduce the impact of greenhouse emissions b an average of fve per cent between the period !""45!"6!.'he .ramework %onvention on %limate %hange 677! and the 8oto 9rotocol 677: represent the frst steps taken b the international committee to protect the climate on Earth from deadl man made inventions. ; adopting the concept of sustainable development which can be defned as development toda that will not a1ect future developments steps can be taken to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and thereb reduce the danger of global warming. %+9 6<, %+9E)*AGE) ,) %limate %hange %onference !""7 'he %openhagen -ummit was held at the ;ella %entre in %openhagen, =enmark between =ecember :564, !""7.'he %onference included the 6< th conference of the parties %+9 6< and the < th >eeting of the parties ?%+9@>+9 < A to the 8oto 9rotocol. A framework for climate change mitigation beond !"6! was to be agreed upon there b the nations of the ,).%%%.In >a !""7, the ,) -ecretar General ;an 8i >oon attended the 0orld ;usiness -ummit on %limate %hange in %openhagen and organi3ed b the %+% and requested its councilors to attend the )ew Bork Cs %limate 0eek at the -ummit on %limate %hange on -eptember !!, and discuss the issue of climate problems with the di1erent heads of government. 'he 9resident of the -ummit till =ecember 6$, !""7 was %onnie *edegaard, before she handed over the position to the =anish 9rime >inister Dars Dokke (asmussen during discussions between heads of states and governments. ,-A, %hina, India, -.Africa and ;ra3il drafted the %openhagen Accord and it was considered to be a meaningful agreement on =ecember 64 th b the ,- government. According to ;;% news sources the %+9 6< resulted in a document called the %openhagen Accord. 'he conference as a whole Eust took note of it, but did not commit to adopt it. +n a positive note for the frst time in political histor man nations like %hina and the ,- united in an e1ort to curb greenhouse emissions and bring about climate change. 'he Accord sas that developed nations will aim to mobili3e about 6"" billion dollars b !"!" and this is to address the needs of less developed countries. +n the other hand the summit failed to result in a legall binding deal on the parts of countries as to what the would actuall do to reduce greenhouse emissions b !"<". 'he Accord is not clear about how global targets will be achieved, for emission reductions and how the goal of spending 6"" billion dollars on developing nations would be achieved. According to .o& news, 9resident +bama called it a meaningful beginning to a new global consensus towards limiting green house gas emissions, but acknowledged that the talks failed to produce a legall binding pact, and doing so an time would be ver hard. Each nation pledged to meet future pollution reduction targets, but the agreement reached is not a treat and has no internal or e&ternal enforcement mechanism, according to news sources. =ue to be approved b 67F countries, the deal seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions suGcientl to prevent temperature hikes of not more than ! degrees centigrade b !"!". 'he details about how nations would go about achieving their individual goals remain unclear and fuid. A core group of top economic nations, according to news sources are due to vote informall on the te&t before it is presented to the members of the 67F nations gathered for the most intense talks in global pollution histor. Achievements of the -ummit according to ;;%. -everal world leaders present to discuss a single issue on the agenda. 'his is trul signifcant historicall. %limate change has been singled out as central to political thinking globall. Awareness of public about the climate has increased. ;oth developed and developing countries have announced low carbon economic plans that are now moving forward. 0hat the -ummit did not achieve, according to news sources. 'here seems to be no quantifed target for reduction of emissions, like a certain percentage at the end of !"<".'argets are et to be announced and the might be at the lower end of what has been promised. )ations do not seem to want to be answerable to anbod but themselves. .or the frst time actions b nations can be assessed globall, but there is no verifcation of the undertaken actions in the developing countries unless the are paid for b the developed nations. 'he Accord states that it will aim to reduce global warming to ! % above industrial temperature standards but it is not clear as to how this will be achieved b !"<".'he deal as of toda leaves a pathwa for the temperature in the world to reach F% and above. A review of progress will be made in !"6< which will o1er opportunities to make an adEustments of targets. =ec !""75'he ;ritish >et +Gce has predicted !"6" to be the warmest ear on record. >an made climate change will be a factor and natural weather patterns would contribute less to !"6"#s temperatures compared to 6774, current warmest recorded temperatures in the world. *owever, according to news sources e&perts are divided on the prediction. Apart from countries unitedl working towards the goals of the %+9 6< -ummit, citi3ens of the world can become more aware and do their part in this global issue, b adopting small changes even in da to da living. HHHHHH
An Analysis of The Actors, Issues, and Processes in International Relations and The Concept of Power: A Case of The United Nations Framework Convention On Climate Change (UNFCCC)