The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.

The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.









Research Problem:
This research paper seeks to explore the correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette
smoking .This research was undertaken due to the severity of increase unemployment throughout
the world. Nevertheless these freshly unemployed workers, many of whom are most certainly
qualified have turned to the stick cigarette as a soothing mechanism.

Purpose Statement:
The purpose of this research paper is to conduct an explanatory research to exhibit the
correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking. As mentioned earlier there have
The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.

been a rapid increase in the unemployment rate and an increase in the consumption of cigarette
around the world. It is known that cigarette smoking has been one of the leading causes of death
as reported by medical practitioners .Many organisations are based on a cost cutting stage since it
is imperative for one to conserve because it is very difficult to tell the future .It is the
researchers aim to obtain statistical evidence that would validate most definitely that there is
indeed a correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking. This explanatory
research will investigate the cause - effect relationship between job loss and cigarette smoking
abuse.

Research Question:
Is there a correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking?




Review of Literature:

The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.

Over the past years, the global news on the economic and business paradigm has been
wholeheartedly negative. As one turns the daily news many have been infiltrated by reports of
thousands even millions of job losses in all industries and sectors. In a dynamic journal, Does
Job Shortens Life? Marcus Eliason and Donald Storrie point out those persons have suffered
drastically due to the various responsibilities in their possession. They further agreed that job
loss added to the stresses that propel such as the loss on investments, home, vehicles and other
valuables which has taken years of sacrifice and time to acquire, therefore unemployed
personnel find it financially difficult to cope.

Moreover, both physical and psychological strain following job loss may undermine the
resources needed to cope with other adverse life events. The strategies to cope with the stressors
may also be destructive and directly harmful especially with the increase of cigarette smoking.
Elliason and Storrie eludes to the point that smoke addicts lack coping skills and when faced
with a situation such as job loss they usually smoke throughout their time creating discomfort to
both themselves and family. This is evident in an article written by Dr. Sheila Bonas smoking:
psychological and social influence, she claims that smoking is used as a strategy for coping with
other sources of stress, such as work stress. Nevertheless if one intends to quit then it becomes
much stressful since their only mechanism for stress handling is taken away and hence this
increases the stress level eventually. If your friends smoke, deciding to quit can be awkward
because they may see it as an implicit criticism of their habit. Eliason and Storrie further
exhibited in their research that smoking may lead to an extreme intake of hard core illegal
The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.

substance since addicts may find their current position as unsatisfiable. They also expounded that
social problems may arise due to job loss and family members may undergo emotional distress.
An unemployed dad who smokes especially in the home may usually pass on the trait towards
the younger children since he performs the instrumental role. Children on the other hand based
on the socialization process they learn what they see and may carry it onwards outside the home.
There is considerable evidence the extent to which cigarette abuse can have a long lasting effect
on children can be dependent on everyone within the community. The authors as aforementioned
advises that respected persons in society such as teachers ,church leaders and adults should
remain vigilant surrounding children who have a parent with a recent job loss and lives in a
home that contains smoke addicts .
In addition, Eliason and Storrie points out to reality that the economy will recover eventually
however a great segment of our society will not. This is also supported by Dr. Sheila Bonas
who claims that our children who ultimately are the future of the nation will be bombarded by
the influences set before them. This has been exhibited by a recent survey done in the US which
shows life events such as job loss are associated with an increased likelihood of adolescent
smoking . the survey examined a family member job loss as a predictor of smoking imitation
over a 1 year period . South California students completed surveys in 6th and 7th grade. Of the
2,168 students, 252 (12%) reported that an adult in the household had lost a job within the past 6
months. Controlling for demographic, socioeconomic, Educational, and parenting characteristics.
6th-grade never-smokers who reported a job loss were significantly more likely to have tried
smoking by 7th grade and to have smoked in the past 30 days. Job loss for a household member
is a risk factor for adolescents' involvement in problem behaviors such as smoking.
The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.


.







Methodology
This explanatory research seeks to investigate the cause effect relationship between job loss and
cigarette smoking abuse. The data collection method took the form of a questionnaire giving the
respondents a chance in and between to give their opinion on the matter at hand. This research
will take place over a six month period using a stratified random sampling design. In this social
research based on information obtained from the Job Centre in Grenada, 350 males will be
selected from a population of 1000 in St. Georges using the Stratified random sampling method
by age range. This comprised of 140 males within the range of 18-35 and 210 within the age
range of 36-55 in order to determine the correlation.
The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.

The stratified sampling technique will be applicable since it is necessary to acknowledge
subgroups or strata based on one or more variables in the research questions .The stratification
factor and the unit of analysis were chosen as gender which is male and age ranges listed above
.Stratification is necessary in this research since unemployed males are targeted grouping in
society and according to Dr. Bonas in her article women are much more proactive in handling
stress therefore does not necessarily needed to be a target group. The sample may provide greater
precision simply because of the size of the population hence would be cost effective therefore
monies saved can be used at other areas of the research . The different sub groups which are the
age ranges are homogenous in nature and may necessarily bring different result since ages 21-35
represents a youthful sample. Stratified Sampling technique inferences drawn would be different
from both sub groups since there are different factors that may drive a youth to smoking as well
as an elderly personnel.
A random selection of the sample is taken from each subgroup creating no room for biasness
since persons had equal chance of selection. Further analysis would either approve or disapprove
the theory that there is an actual correlation between job loss and the increase consumption of
cigarette smoking.





The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.




Appendix 1
QUESTIONNAIRE

1. What did you do before becoming unemployed?

2. How long did you work in that field?

3. Did you enjoy your job?

4. How long have you been unemployed?

1 3 months
3 6 months
The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.

6 months 1 year
Over a year
5. How often do you come to the Job Centre?
Everyday
Twice weekly
One weekly
Once Monthly




6. Have you been able to pay bills since being unemployed?
Yes all bills
Some bills
No Bills
7. Do you consume smoke?

The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.

If yes;

8. How often did you smoke cigarette before losing your job?
Everyday
Several times a day
Once a week
Less than once a week

9. Where do you smoke on a regular basis?
At home
In a Bar
With friends
All of the above




The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.



10. How often do you smoke cigarette after losing your job?
Everyday
Several times a day
Once a week
Less than once a week

11. Would you like to stop smoke?

If yes;

12. Can you stop cigarette smoking on your own?
If no;

13. Would you like any help to quit smoking?

The correlation between job loss and the abuse of cigarette smoking.

14. Have you engaged in any destructive behaviour after losing your job and smoking
cigarette?

15. Has losing your job influenced youre the usage of cigarette in any way?

If yes, If what way?

Thank you very much.



Bibliography
Bonas Sheila Dr. Smoking psychological and social influences
Elliason Marcus and Storrie Donald Does Job Shorten Life2004 School of Economic and
Business Goteborg University.
St. Bernard, Dr. Godfrey (2003). Course Material Survey Design and Analysis