HISTORY OF JOHOR

The word Johor is taken from the Arabic word, 'Jauhar', which literally means 'Precious Stones'.
This illustrates the influence of the early Arab traders who traded spices in Johor. To the
Siamese, Johor is 'Gangganu' or 'Treasured Stones'. One can trace the multifaceted culture
and ethnic mix evident today back through the centuries when it was fought over by the Malays,
Portuguese, Chinese, Dutch and British sometimes on grounds of religion but more often
because of trade.
The history of modern Johor began with Dato' Temenggong Daing Ibrahim, the son of
Temenggong Abdul Rahman who was a descendant of Sultan Abdul Jalil IV of Johor. In 1855,
under the terms of a treaty between the British in Singapore and Sultan Ali of Johor, the control
of Johor was formally cede to Dato' Temenggong Daing Ibrahim. Sultan Ali retained control
over Kesang until shortly before his death in 1877 when the territory was ceded to Dato'
Temenggong Abu Bakar. Dato' Temenggong Daing Ibrahim maintained the seat of government
at Teluk Belanga in Singapore but also begs to develop Tanjung Puteri in Johor. His reign saw
the opening of land to Chinese settlers from Singapore for the cultivation of pepper, a move that
boosted the economy of the state.
The Temenggong was succeeded by his son, Dato' Temenggong Abu Bakar who later took the
title Seri Maharaja Johor. Temenggong Abu Bakar continued his father's efforts in cultivating
friendly relations with the British. In 1866, he was formally crowned Sultan of Johor, a feat that
earned him the title of 'Father of Modern Johor'. He gave Johor its constitution and developed
an efficient system of administration. The moving of the seat of government from Teluk Belanga
to Tanjung Puteri (renamed Johor Bahru) in 1841 led to the rapid development of the town as
government offices, police stations, mosques and court houses were built. The Istana Besar
constructed during his reign became the official residence of the Sultan.
His successor, Sultan Ibrahim, continued to maintain close relations with the British and in 1910,
requested for the services of a British advisor to counsel him on matters of state. Under the able
administration of Sultan Ibrahim and his successors, Johor continued to thrive and prosper. In
1941, the peninsula fell under Japanese occupation and joined the Federation of Malaya in
1948. After independence in 1957, Malaysia has evolved into a combination of constitutional
monarchy and parliamentary democracy. Johor is now a prosperous state with an expanding
economy, fueled by agriculture, manufacturing, commerce and tourism.
Answer these questions.
1. How does Johor get its name?
2. Where is the first capital city of Johor?
3. The Father of Modern Johor is __________________________________
4. Give reasons of the entitlement Father of Modern Johor to Temenggong Abu Bakar.
5. Johor had been occupied by the Japanese army in year ___________.
6. Find the meanings of these words using dictionary:
a. trace
b. cede
c. constitution