GPS Interface - Interfacing GPS With AVR Microcontroller (Atmega16)

7/14/2014 GPS Interface | Interfacing GPS with AVR Microcontroller (Atmega16)
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How to interface GPS with AVR microcontroller
(ATmega16)
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Developed By: Akshay Daga
GPS modem is a device which receives signals from satellite and provides information about latitude,
longitude, altitude, time etc. The GPS navigator is more famous in mobiles to track the road maps. The
GPS modem has an antenna which receives the satellite signals and transfers them to the modem. The
modem in turn converts the data into useful information and sends the output in serial RS232 logic level
format. The information about latitude, longitude etc is sent continuously and accompanied by an identifier
string.
This article shows how to interface the GPS modem with ATmega16 and extract the location (latitude and
longitude) from the GPGGA string and display it on LCD.

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Description
The connection of GPS modem with AVR microcontroller (ATmega 16) is shown in the circuit diagram. The
ground pin of max 232 and serial o/p of GPS modem is made common. Pin2 of MAX232 is connected to
pin 3 of GPS modem and pin 3 of max 232 is connected to pin 2 of modem. This type of connection is
called a serial cross cable.

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Pin 2 of MAX232 Pin 3 of GPS Modem
Pin 3 of MAX232 Pin 2 of GPS Modem
Pin 5 Ground Pin of MAX232 Pin 5 Ground of GPS Modem
The commonly available GPS modem gives output in serial (RS232) form. The output consists of a series of
string.

String format:
The following is an example of the output string from the GPS module with its explanation. This output
strings contains information about latitude, longitude, time etc and will always start with $GPGGA. Refer
NMEA Standards for more details on string formats.
An example string has been given and explained below:
$GPGGA,100156.000,2650.9416,N,07547.8441,E,1,08,1.0,442.8,M,-42.5,M,,0000*71
1. A string always start from $ sign
2. GPGGA :Global Positioning System Fix Data
3. , Comma indicates the separation between two values
4. 100156.000 : GMT time as 10(hr):01(min):56(sec):000(ms)
5. 2650.9416,N: Latitude 26(degree) 50(minutes) 9416(sec) NORTH
6. 07547.8441,E: Longitude 075(degree) 47(minutes) 8441(sec) EAST
7. 1 : Fix Quantity 0= invalid data, 1= valid data, 2=DGPS fix
8. 08 : Number of satellites currently viewed.
9. 1.0: HDOP
10. 442.8,M : Altitude (Height above sea level in meter)
11. -42.5,M : Geoids height
12. __ , DGPS data
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13. 0000 : DGPS data
14. *71 : checksum

The following algorithm is used to extract the latitude and longitude information from the GPS module using
$GPGGA string and display it on a LCD:
1. Get data in UDR and check weather that data is equal to $. If the data matches go to step(2) else get a
new data.
2. Get data byte by byte and check if the received byte is equal to GPGGA
3. If the step (2) matches completely then go to step (4) else go back to step(1)
4. Leave first comma and wait till second comma (since we not looking for time).
5. Start taking data in an array lati_value[ ] till the next comma.
6. Get latitude direction in lati_dir
7. Do the same for longitude
8. Display the values on LCD and go back to step (1).

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Components
MAX232

The MAX232 IC is used to convert the TTL/CMOS logic levels to
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