30

Cambridge International A & AS Level Mathematics 9709. Examination in June and November 2012.
6. List of formulae and tables of the
normal distribution
PURE MATHEMATICS

Algebra
For the quadratic equation 0
2
= + + c bx ax :
a
ac b b
x
2
) 4 (
2

=

For an arithmetic series:
d n a u
n
) 1 ( + = , } ) 1 ( 2 { ) (
2
1
2
1
d n a n l a n S
n
+ = + =
For a geometric series:

1
=
n
n
ar u , ) 1 (
1
) 1 (

= r
r
r a
S
n
n
, ) 1 (
1
<

r
r
a
S
Binomial expansion:

n n n n n n
b b a
n
b a
n
b a
n
a b a + +

+ = +

L
3 3 2 2 1
3 2 1
) ( , where n is a positive integer
and
)! ( !
!


r n r
n
r
n

L
3 2
! 3
) 2 )( 1 (
! 2
) 1 (
1 ) 1 (

x
n n n
x
n n
nx x
n

+

+ + = + , where n is rational and 1 < x

Trigonometry
Arc length of circle r = ( in radians)
Area of sector of circle
2
2
1
r = ( in radians)

cos
sin
tan
1 sin cos
2 2
+ ,
2 2
sec tan 1 + ,
2 2
cosec 1 cot +
B A B A B A sin cos cos sin ) sin(
B A B A B A sin sin cos cos ) cos( m
B A
B A
B A
tan tan 1
tan tan
) tan(
m

A A A cos sin 2 2 sin
A A A A A
2 2 2 2
sin 2 1 1 cos 2 sin cos 2 cos
A
A
A
2
tan 1
tan 2
2 tan

=
Principal values:

2
1 1
2
1
sin

x


x
1
cos 0

2
1 1
2
1
tan < <

x
31
Cambridge International A & AS Level Mathematics 9709. Examination in June and November 2012.
6. List of formulae and tables of the
normal distribution
Differentiation
) f(x ) ( f x

n
x
1 n
nx
x ln
x
1


x
e
x
e
x sin x cos
x cos x sin
x tan x
2
sec
uv
x
u
v
x
v
u
d
d
d
d
+

v
u

2
d
d
d
d
v
x
v
u
x
u
v

If ) f(t x = and ) g(t y = then
t
x
t
y
x
y
d
d
d
d
d
d
=
Integration
) f(x x x d ) f(

n
x ) 1 (
1
1
+
+
+
n c
n
x
n


x
1
c x + ln

x
e c
x
+ e
x sin c x + cos
x cos c x + sin
x
2
sec c x + tan
x
x
u
v uv x
x
v
u d
d
d
d
d
d

c x x
x
x
+ =

) ( f ln d
) f(
) ( f

Vectors
If k j i a
3 2 1
a a a + + = and k j i b
3 2 1
b b b + + = then
cos
3 3 2 2 1 1
b a b a = + + = b a b a b a .
Numerical integration
Trapezium rule:
} ) ( 2 { d ) f(
1 2 1 0 2
1
n n
b
a
y y y y y h x x + + + + +

L , where
n
a b
h

=
32
Cambridge International A & AS Level Mathematics 9709. Examination in June and November 2012.
6. List of formulae and tables of the
normal distribution
MECHANICS

Uniformly accelerated motion
at u v + = , t v u s ) (
2
1
+ = ,
2
2
1
at ut s + = , as u v 2
2 2
+ =
Motion of a projectile
Equation of trajectory is:

2 2
2
cos 2
tan
V
gx
x y =
Elastic strings and springs
l
x
T

= ,
l
x
E
2
2

=
Motion in a circle
For uniform circular motion, the acceleration is directed towards the centre and has magnitude
r
2
or
r
v
2

Centres of mass of uniform bodies
Triangular lamina:
3
2
along median from vertex
Solid hemisphere or radius r: r
8
3
from centre
Hemispherical shell of radius r: r
2
1
from centre
Circular arc of radius r and angle 2 :

sin r
from centre
Circular sector of radius r and angle 2 :

3
sin 2r
from centre
Solid cone or pyramid of height h: h
4
3
from vertex