Sample Calculations

Calculating the new T, and V for ideal gas, in an

adiabatic process. Consider both expansion and
compression.
Calculate
Calculate Enthalpy.




( )
PV A
Internal energy, U(V,T) for an ideal gas is only a function of
temperature

V T
U U
dU dT dV
T V
c c
| | | |
= +
| |
c c
\ . \ .
For an ideal gas,
0
T
U
V
c
| |
=
|
c
\ .
We will prove this later in
the course!
From the last lecture, we learnt that

V
V
U
C
T
c
| |
=
|
c
\ .
V
dU C dT =
Always true for
an ideal gas
Enthalpy, H(P,T) for an ideal gas is only a function of
temperature

P T
H H
dH dT dP
T P
c c
| | | |
= +
| |
c c
\ . \ .
For an ideal gas,
0
T
H
P
c
| |
=
|
c
\ .
We will prove this later in
the course!
From the last lecture, we learnt that

P
P
H
C
T
c
| |
=
|
c
\ .
P
dH C dT =
Always true for an
ideal gas
How are C
p
and C
v
related for an ideal gas?

V T
U U
dU dT dV
T V
c c
| | | |
= +
| |
c c
\ . \ .

ext
dU dq P dV =
The first law for P-V work is given by:
Combining the two equations:

ext
V T
U U
dq dT P dV
T V
| |
c c
| | | |
= + +
| | |
c c
\ . \ .
\ .

ext
V T
U U
dq dT P dV
T V
| |
c c
| | | |
= + +
| | |
c c
\ . \ .
\ .

V ext
T
U
dq C dT P dV
V
| |
c
| |
= + +
| |
c
\ .
\ .

V
V
U
C
T
c
| |
=
|
c
\ .
Recall
Lets assume constant pressure (P
ext
=P) and divide both sides of the
equation by dT:

P
V
T P
dq U V
C P
dT V T
| |
c c
| | | |
= + +
| | |
c c
\ . \ .
\ .

P V
T P
U V
C C P
V T
| |
c c
| | | |
= + +
| | |
c c
\ . \ .
\ .

P V
T P
U V
C C P
V T
| |
c c
| | | |
= + +
| | |
c c
\ . \ .
\ .

P V
P
V
C C P
T
c
| |
= +
|
c
\ .

P V
C C nR = +
P
V nR
P P
T P
c
| | | |
=
| |
c
\ . \ .
For an ideal gas:
Example: Reversible adiabatic expansion of an ideal gas for a
constant number of moles
One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas expands adiabatically and
reversibly from V
i
=1 L and T
i
=300 K to a final volume of V
f
=2 L. Using
C
v
=(3/2)nR, calculate T
f
,AU,AH,w and q.
What do we know?
Adiabatic, q=0
=
f f
i i
T V
V
T V
dU C dT PdV =
} }
f f
i i
T V
V
T V
T
C dT nR dV
V
=
} }
ln ln
f
i
V
i f
T
V
C nR
T V
| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
ln 1 ln
f
i P
i V f
T
V C
T C V
| |
| | | |
=
|
| |
|
\ . \ .
\ .
( )
1
1
ln ln
ln ln
P
V
C
C
f
i
i f
f
i
i f
T
V
T V
T
V
T V

| |

|
\ .

| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
( )
1
f
i
i f
T
V
T V

| |
| |
=
|
|
|
\ .
\ .
( )
1
i
f i
f
V
T T
V

| |
=
|
|
\ .
( )
5/3-1
1 L
300 K
2 L
189 K
f
f
T
T
| |
=
|
\ .
=
( )
( )
( )
-1 -1
3
3
2
3
(1 mole)(8.314 JK mole ) 189 K-300 K
2
-1.3810 J
V f i
f i
U C T T
nR T T
A =
=
=
=
3
0
-1.3810 J
U w q
U q
q U
A = +
A = +
= A =
( )
( )
( )
3 -1 -1
3
1.38x10 J+(1 mole)(8.314 JK mole ) 189 K-300 K
2.3x10 J
H U PV
H U nRT
H U nR T
H
H
A = A + A
A = A + A
A = A + A
A =
A =
( )
( )
( )
( )
-1 -1
3
3
( )
2
5
( )
2
5
(1 mole)(8.314 JK mole ) 189 K-300 K
2
2.3x10 J
P f i
f i
f i
H C T T
nR nR T T
H nR T T
H
H
A =
= +
A =
A =
A =