CP Engl An2 Sem1 Trantescu

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BIBLIOGRAFIE

1. Bdescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureti: Ed. tiinific
i Enciclopedic.
2. Budai, Lszl. 1997. Gramatica englez. Teorie i exerciii. Bucureti:
Teora.
3. Chioran, D., Panovf, I., Poenaru, I. 1995. English Grammar. Exercises.
Bucureti: Teora.
4. Gleanu-Frnoag, G. 1996. Sinteze de gramatic englez. Bucureti :
Ed. Lucman.
5. Murar, I., Pisoschi, C., Trantescu, A. M.. 2005. Essentials of English
Syntax. The Simple Sentence. Craiova: Ed. Universitaria.
6. Paidos, C. 2001. English Grammar. Theory and Practice. Iai: Polirom.
7. Vince, M. 2002. Advanced Language Practice. Macmillan.

UNIVERSITATEA DIN CRAIOVA
FACULTATEA DE LITERE
NVMNT LA DISTAN

PROGRAMA ANALITIC

Disciplina: Curs practic: Exerciii gramaticale
Specializarea: Romn- Englez
Anul II, Semestrul I
Titularul disciplinei: lector dr. Ana-Maria Trantescu

I. OBIECTIVELE DISCIPLINEI:
Cursul practic i propune:
aprofundarea, sistematizarea i lrgirea cunotinelor dobndite la cursul de
sintaxa propoziiei prin exerciii focalizate pe probleme majore de sintax:
tipuri de propoziii, grupul nominal, grupul verbal, grupul adjectival;
dezvoltarea deprinderilor practice de exprimare scris i oral n limba englez
prin tipuri ct mai variate de exerciii (de transformare, substituire, completare
i parafrazare, traduceri etc.);
nsuirea structurilor tipice propoziiei engleze i sporirea volumului
vocabularului studenilor prin respectarea consecvent a principiului gradaiei
n prezentarea exerciiilor.

II. TEMATICA CURSULUI:
1. Sentence Types
2. The Noun Phrase
a. The Structure of the NP
b. The Functions of the NP
- The Subject
- The Object
- The Predicative
- The Predicative Adjunct
- The Apposition
3. The Verb Phrase
3.1. The Structure of the VP
3.2. The Function of the VP: the Predicate.
3.3. Subject Predicate Concord

4. Passive Constructions
5. Adverbial Modifiers
6. Complex Constructions

III. EVALUAREA STUDENILOR:
Forma de evaluare: verificare

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IV. BIBLIOGRAFIE GENERAL:

i Enciclopedic.
Teora.
Bucureti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.

Lect. univ. dr. Ana-Maria Trantescu

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CURS PRACTIC EXERCIII GRAMATICALE

ANUL II

ROMN - ENGLEZ

SEMESTRUL I

Lect. univ. dr. ANA MARIA TRANTESCU

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TEMATICA CURSULUI:
1. Sentence Types
2. The Noun Phrase
a. The Structure of the NP
b. The Functions of the NP
- The Subject
- The Object
- The Predicative
- The Predicative Adjunct
- The Apposition
3. The Verb Phrase
3.1. The Structure of the VP
3.2. The Function of the VP: the Predicate.
3.3. Subject Predicate Concord

4. Passive Constructions

5. Adverbial Modifiers

6. Complex Constructions

BIBLIOGRAFIE:

1. Bdescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureti: Ed. tiinific i
Enciclopedic.
2. Budai, Lszl. 1997. Gramatica englez. Teorie i exerciii. Bucureti: Teora.
Bucureti: Teora.
4. Gleanu-Frnoag, G. 1996. Sinteze de gramatic englez. Bucureti : Ed.
Lucman.
5. Murar, I., Pisoschi, C., Trantescu, A. M.. 2005. Essentials of English Syntax.
The Simple Sentence. Craiova: Ed. Universitaria.

UNITATEA 1. Types of Sentences

Obiective: Studenii vor fi capabili:
1. S identifice tipurile de propziii.
2. S foloseasc corect pronumele i adjectivele nehotrte i negative n propoziiile
interogative i negative.
3. S identifice tipurile de propoziii interrogative.

Timp de studiu : 4 ore.

Exercise 1. The following sentences are from The Honorary Consul by Graham Greene.
In each case identify the sentence form, then suggest their communicative function.
1. You have to come.
2. What about a game of chess?
3. Don't worry!
4. I'm surprised to see you.
5. What blunderers you are!
6. She can't be his wife, surely?
7. I wouldn't drink whisky if I were you.
8. Come up and have a glass.
9. Who are you?
10. Surely you had somebody on the watch?

Exercise 2. Identify the following sentence forms and their functions. Then rewrite the
sentence in another sentence form which carries the same communication meaning.
1. Forgive my rudeness yesterday.
2. I was trying to remember your name.
3. I wish you wouldn't shout.
4. What a clever girl you are!
5. That's a brilliant idea.
6. I trust you don't mind if I smoke.
7. Go ahead.
8. How warm it is today!
9. Isn't that amazing?
10. How are you?

Exercise 3. Indicate whether the following sentences are: declarative, interrogative,
imperative or exclamatory:
1. They met Ann by chance in the street. 2. Will you read the letter, please? 3. What has
become of them? 4. How happy she looks! 5. Don't ever say that again! 6. What did the
man say? 7. I really enjoyed the show very much. 8. What a good piece of news this is! 9.
Peter was given a brand new bicycle. 10. How angry Tom was! 11. Have you got any
stamps left? 12. That's really very nice of you! 13. Would you like another piece of cake?
14. It's really quite a bargain! 15. Let's start everything anew! 16. The dog kept us awake
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all night. 17. Who could advise me on this matter? 18. See you soon. 19. Hurry up! The
train is leaving in a minute. 20. He has just come. 21. Hasn't he changed! 22. Would you
open the door, please?

Exercise 4. Translate into English the following imperative and exclamatory sentences:
1. Vezi dac poi gsi cartea aceea! 2. Nu-i cheltui toat energia la nceputul cursei! 3.
Ascult-m! 4. Ce ploaie! 5. Ferete-i capul! 6. Ce idee bun! 7. Nu pune mna acolo! 8.
Deschide ua, te rog! 9. S nu faci niciodat aa ceva! 10. Ce nume caraghios! 11. Doar
cteva cuvinte, v rog! 12. n nici un caz s nu accepi! 13. S o lsm singur! 14. Dac
ar fi posibil! 15. Noroc! 16. Ce pcat! 17. Condu-l pn la gar!

Exercise 5. Point out what type of sentences there are in the following sentences and
extracts (simple unextended, simple extended, compound, complex or elliptical
sentences):
a) 1. I got here yesterday. 2. Peter promised that he would let us know when he arrived
there. 3. She entered, locked the door and sat down. 4. Birds fly. 5. Jane asked Tom
again why he didn't go into the country, as it would do him a lot of good. 6. He is old
but he is still a very healthy man. 7. "Got a light for me, Bill?" "No".
b) An hour passed. The pale light of the short, sunless day was beginning to fade. A cry
arose. The man in front turned his head. He looked at the man behind. They nodded
to each other. A second cry arose. It was a wolf. Henry looked up. It was dark. He
saw a pair of eyes, then a second pair, and a third. The dogs were afraid. Bill could
not sleep. He saw the shining eyes quite near. (J. London)
c) Dorothy lived in the midst of the great Kansas prairies, with Uncle Henry, who was a
farmer, and Aunt Em, who was the farmer's wife. Their house was small, for the
lumber to build it had to be carried by wagon many miles...
When Dorothy stood in the doorway and looked around she could see nothing but the
great gray prairie on every side. Not a tree nor a house broke the broad sweep of flat
country that reached the edge of the sky in all directions. (Frank Baum)

Exercise 6. Turn the following simple unextended sentences into simple extended
sentences by adding some secundary parts of the sentence:
1. Richard has arrived. 2. He is unpacking. 3. His friends have come. 4. He is tired. 5.
They leave. 6. They do not stay. 7. It is growing dark. 8. They shake hands. 9. The boys
will meet. 10. Do they talk? 11. They came. 12. Mrs. Johnson is speaking. 13. I work. 14.
It's raining. 15. They live. 16. We agreed. 17. Paul is driving. 18. I don't understand.

ELLIPTICAL SENTENCES
Exercise 1. Point out all the elliptical sentences and state what part of the sentence is
missing in each case:
1. Glad to see you home, and hope you have been keeping well. (D. Maurier)
2. Got a cigar, Root? No. (J. Steinbeck)
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3. Sorry to be late again, he said. Nobody was at home Soames in London, Anette
at a garden party. (J. Galsworthy)
4. How are you? he asked me. Fine, I said. (E. Hemingway)
5. Just at sunset, the air turned cold and sky cloudy. (Ch. Bront)
6. Why do you come here? For winter sport. (E. Hemingway)
7. There were flowers in the dining room, flowers in the library. (D. Maurier)
8. You have told no one Im here? he asked abruptly. Not a soul. (H. G. Wells)
9. Morning room in Algernons flat in Half-Moon Street.(O. Wilde)
10. You must be on your guard against her; you must shun her example; if necessary
avoid her company. (Ch. Bront)
11. Couldnt you be a little bit late today? No, I couldnt. (A. Saxton)
12. When tired of the occupation, I would retire from the stairhead to the solitary and
silent nursery. (Ch. Bront)
13. Are you scared, Thomas? Of course, I am. (G. Greene)
14. Did you understand me? I think I did. (A. Saxton)
15. She had found out she wasnt scared. No more than Patricia was. (D. Carter)
16. Do you know, when I said good night and went away, I was almost arrested?
Arrested? (J. London)
17. Somebody gave it to him. Somebody? You. (Th. Hardy)
18. Some of them were getting laid off, the way Pa had been. (D. Carter)
19. How old are you? Seventeen, Sir. And whats your name? Megan David. (J.
Galsworthy)

Exercise 2. Point out all the one member sentences in the following examples:
1. A beautiful day, quite warm. (J. Galsworthy)
2. A distant flash, a low rumble, and large drops of rain spattered on the thatch above
him. (J. Galsworthy)
3. She went out into the hall and listened. No sound! (J. Galsworthy)
4. A footstep on the stairs and now the door was slowly opened. (Ch. Dickens)
5. My school days! The silent gliding on my existence the unseen, unfelt progress of
my life from childhood up to youth. (Ch. Dickens)
6. Not one little sound of beast or bird or tree; not one bee humming! (J. Galsworthy)
7. But the eyes of them! The cold, red and often wet hands! (Th. Dreiser)

Exercise 3. Point out which sentences are elliptical and which are one member sentences
in the following examples:
1. The night dark, the wind high and the rain pouring in torrents.
2. The work is done, the books put away. Really?
3. The air is pure and fresh, the sun is bright and the sky blue.
4. First come, first served.
5. Have you ever been in Italy? Never.
6. Waiter, another bottle of wine. Red or white? White.
7. I know for sure that he works more than I.
8. What a day! Rain, rain. November rain.
9. He is as old as Oscars son.
10. Thomas Gradgrind, sir. A man of realities. A man of facts and calculation.
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11. See you tonight. Bye-bye.
12. What time is it? Four oclock. Thank you!
13. Nobody in the room, nobody on the terrace.
14. Good-bye. See you tomorrow.
15. When will you write to him? Tomorrow.
16. Will you do it? Ill try.
17. Coffee, sir? Yes, please.
18. Do you speak German? Yes, I do, a little.
19. Any more fares, please?
20. Ill send you the books. When?
21. What if I refuse to answer?
22. Your name and address, please.
23. Who answered the question? John.
24. Did you know it? Yes.
25. Sorry! I didnt nottice it.
26. A beautiful day, quite warm. The garden, an old-fashioned one, full of roses. Time of
year, July.
27. Ill send you a word tomorrow. Shall be delighted.
28. Glad to meet you.

Exercise 4. Supply the words necessary to express each idea fully:
1. Full up! 2. Seats on top. 3. Two cups of coffee, please. 4. Wait! 5. Oh, yes! 6. Just a
moment! 7. No talking! 8. Ridiculous. 9. Keep left. 10. Anything else? 11. This way,
please. 12. Never mind. 13. Many happy returns of the day! 14. How much? 15.
Welcome!

Exercise 5. Provide questions to which the following might be replies:
1. Yes, please. 2. No, thank you. 3. A quarter to three. 4. Red, please. 5. On Thursday
next. 6. Two, please. 7. On October 18
th
. 8. Not at all. 9. Thick, please. 10. A pound and a
half. 11. Yesterday week.

NEGATION

Exercise 1. In the following quotations from The Human Factor by Graham Greene,
identify the sentence type and the methods of making them negative.

1. For God's sake, Emmanuel, don't do anything rash.
2. Don't you get damned lonely sometimes in this outfit?
3. And they never come home until evening.
4. But no one knows I'm here.
5. The face showed no indication of pain.
6. There is nothing one can ever do, is there?
7. That hardly explained the sense of emptiness.
8. No, no, don't worry dear.
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9. Neither of them could see the pavement.
10. No, I suppose not.

Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences, moving the negative to the place marked by
an asterisk, and comment on any change of meaning.
1. We were not taught * to notice such things.
2. I should not hope *.
3. You never can * tell.
4. When you arrived was * he not alive?
5. They are * still not married.
6. She * tried hard not to be attractive to men.
7. * By chance they didn't go out.
8. Not a single man could * understand the situation.
9. That's not a statement * to be repeated.
10. I won't give it to you for * anything.

Exercise 3. Give two negative answers to the following questions according to the model:
MODEL: Did you meet any of your friends at the party?
No, I didn't meet any of them.
No, I met none of them.
1. Are there any chairs in the room?
2. Has he/ does he have any relatives in Bucharest?
3. Did you write any letters to your parents?
4. Do you see any sheets of paper on my writing table?
5. Have you brought anyone with you?
6. Did you see anybody in the street?
7. Did he ask for anything to drink?
8. Did you go anywhere else besides London?
9. Have you visited anything else this summer?
10. Will you accept any suggestions for your paper?
11. Will they ask any questions after the speech tomorrow?
12. Did you see any of your colleagues at the festival?
13. Did you send any cards to your brothers?
14. Would you bring any friends at the party?

Exercise 4. Agree with a negative statement by using a special question tag with a falling
stress. No question mark is required.
MODEL: The students won't miss the lecture.
No, they won't, will they.
1. He hasn't eaten anything today.
2. They haven't caught a single fish.
3. Cuckoos don't build nests.
4. She hasn't won the prize.
5. It wasn't far from home.
6. His information is not always accurate.
7. He doesn't know the way very well.
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8. He is not young any longer.
9. He doesn't understand English.
10. They didn't enjoy the party.
11. I didn't like him at all.
12. Nick can't read English books in the original.
13. She is not old enough for that.

Exercise 5. Replace the negative forms of the indefinite pronouns in the following
sentences according to the model:
1. He said he needed nobody to help him. 2. I have nothing against it. 3. I had nothing to
do with your problems. 4. Nobody knows the answer. 5. They will do nothing for
money. 6. Have you got nothing else to do? 7. He blamed nobody / no one for it. 8.
She likes nobody. 9. We had done nothing out of the ordinary.

Exercise 6. Change the following sentences into the negative by using a non-assertive or
a negative pronoun, according to the model:
1. There was some food left in the fridge. 2. I have some problems. 3. I need some help.
4. The children made some noise. 5. We have some time to waste. 6. I trust someone. 7.
There was someone in the office. 8. She can find somebody who knows about it. 9. He
found something there. 10. Ellis saw something interesting at the supermarket. 11.
Mother made some cakes.

Exercise 7. Negate the verb in the following sentences:
1. She has to be there tomorrow. 2. They have to work on Saturday. 3. Mary has a new
dress. 4. I had a very good journey. 5. I have a lot of English lessons now. 6. Open the
door. 7. She used to play tennis when she was younger. 8. You must pay that fine. 9. You
may smoke in the child's room. 10. They will visit London this year. 11. That must be his
cousin over there. 12. You must see that film: it is extraordinary! 13. You must cross the
street. 14. She is sure about this.

Exercise 8. Give the negative counterparts of the sentences below; make all the necessary
changes paying attention to indefinite pronouns, conjunctions and adverbs:
1. He has already finished his task.
2. The shop is still open.
3. It is still raining.
4. She managed to find something appropriate somewhere else.
5. He could answer some of the questions on the subject.
6. There are some letters for me.
7. Some students have done well in the exam.
8. "I have spoken to the Dean". "So have I".
9. Peter knows some English and so does John.
10. Both of them took part in the competition.
11. John has also come.
12. Daddy drinks a lot of coffee now, and he always used to.
13. I nearly always have to do it myself.
14. It's a long time since we last saw them.
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15. He lives a long way from his friend.
16. He did too many exercises yesterday.
17. John will arrive before midnight.
18. Both of them needed help.
19. He ate too many chocolates yesterday.
20. I will get there before noon.
21. Many people can sing and dance.
22. He is already an expert on the subject.

Exercise 9. Give the affirmative counter parts of the following negative sentences:
1. No one of that name ever workes in our office.
2. I have not got much spare time.
3. Scarcely anybody expected him to get there until midnight.
4. No one must smoke in the child's room.
5. She couldn't have been gone long.
6. John can't have done it.
7. Ann isn't young anymore.
8. Hardly does anyone know the truth.
9. The baby can neither walk nor talk.

Exercise 10. Rewrite the following using hardly or scarcely according to the model:
1. I have never been on friendly terms with Mary.
2. The engine driver could see almost nothing through the fog.
3. I did not quite know what she meant.
4. You can't expect her to smile to you after what you said.
5. He almost never comes to class on time.
6. I almost never agree to her.
7. He almost never pays us visits.
8. You can't expect me to believe you after all your lies.

Exercise 11. Make a negative statement by adding neither, nor or not... either. This
addition requires an inversion of the subject of the sentence and the auxiliary. The
addition can be used to complete somebody else's remark or one's own statement:
MODEL: "I don't like this play." "Neither do I/ Nor do I/ I don't like this play either/
You don't like this play and neither do I."
1. The food wasn't bad (drink).
2. They needn't pay for their entrance (you).
3. Harry didn't drink his tea in the morning (Mary).
4. Tom didn't find his fountain pen (his classmate).
5. I cannot believe him (she).
6. My brother never misses a tennis match (I).
7. He oughtn't to tease her about being fat (you).
8. I won't tell you anything (she).
9. He can't go there uninvited (I).
10. I couldn't remember his address (she).
11. I'm not a bad boy (my brother).
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12. I have never had anything in common with him (my friend).
13. We won't go the seaside this summer (our friends).
14. We didn't go to the mountains last summer (our relatives).

Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into Romanian:
1. Not a single word did Peggotty speak (Ch. Dickens).
2. Not a hint, however, did she drop about sending me to school (Ch. Bront).
3. Never had I seen a face so happy, sweet and radiant (J. Braine).
4. No where was she to be seen (Ch. Dickens).
5. Not one minute all that night did Ann sleep (J. Galsworthy).

Exercise 13. Emphasize the underlined words by placing them first in the sentence:

1. I didn't realize how ill he was until I visited him.
2. I wouldn't doubt his integrity for one moment.
3. Such a situation should never again be allowed to arise.
4. We dropped no hint about the state of her health.
5. The whole truth didn't become known until many years later.
6. The back of this radio should under no circumstances be removed unless the set has
first been disconnected at the mains.
7. I didn't realize how selfish she was until I needed her help.
8. I will never forget what you have done for me.

Exercise 14. Translate the following sentences into English without using negative
words:
1. Nu prea tiam unde m aflu. 2. Nu avem dect foarte puin timp la dispoziie. 3. Nu
este cu putin. 4. La serat ea aproape c nu a scos un cuvnt. 5. nchide ferestrele ca s
nu intre mutele. 6. Nu tiu ce s fac. 7. Arcaul nu lovi n int. 8. N-ai putea ajunge la
timp dect cu trenul de trei. 9. El este singurul care nu a fost de acord. 10. Nu mai vorbii
att de mult! 11. Nu am dect o sor. 12. Nu te superi dac deschid puin geamul? 13.
Nu-i trebuie dect un sfert de or ca s ajung la Universitate. 14. E mult vreme de cnd
nu l-am vzut. 15. Nu-mi place nici vinul nici berea. 16. Nici unul din ei nu a reuit la
examen. 17. N-ai putea termina la timp dect folosind acest procedeu. 18. Nu mai facei
atta zgomot! 19. M tem s nu vin. 20. Nu mai ninge. 21. Nici unul nu trebuie s
accepte dac nu vrea. 22. Nimeni n-a spus nimic despre asta nimnui. 23. Nu mai vorbesc
cu tine dac nu-i ceri scuze. 24. N-am fost nici la film nici la teatru. 25. Nu s-a plns
niciodat de munca lui i nici nu cred c se va plnge vreodat. 26. Nimeni nu era acolo
i nu se ntmplase nimic deosebit.

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INTERROGATION

Exercise 1. Identify the functions of the following interrogatives as advice, command,
disbelief, exclamation, social introduction, invitation, offer, request, statement or
suggestion.
1. A Peer of the Realm! Who'd have prophesied that ... in the days of yore?
2. I didn't know you kept a diary, Sillers?
3. Will you put the kettle on?
4. Won't you have some tea?
5. Shall we go back?
6. Can I give anyone a lift?
7. Isn't that smart?
8. Why don't you see a doctor?
9. Would you oblige me by removing your hat?
10. I don't know whether you've met Odo Stevens, Bernard?

Exercise 2. Change the following questions into indirect speech reflecting, wherever
possible, the type of question:
1. "Was not that the case?"
2. "You gave the price he demanded?"
3. "Aren't you clever?"
4. "I hated it and who wouldn't?"
5. "You're always doing it, aren't you?"
6. "Who did you see?"

Exercise 3. State the type of the questions below:
a. 1. "Can you lend me some money?" "What do you want it for?"
2. "Alec won't help." "And why won't he?"
3. Am I going to break the news to Mrs. Hopper or are you? he said. (D. du Maurier)
4. What train are you going home by?
5. Don't you want to eat something?
6. You won't mind my doing so, will you?
7. "I had the bill sent to your wife." "You had it sent to who?"
8. "I'm going to Bucharest tomorrow." "Are you, indeed?"
9. What glorious roses! Aren't they a picture?
10. "Have you finished?" "Have I finished, did you say?"
11. "He has married at last." "He's what?"
12. "I'll call on them personally." "But when, for heaven's sake?"
13. Are you leaving tonight?
14. How did you get here?
15. How many friends have you got there?
16. Where were you an hour ago?
17. "Is she angry with me?" "Angry with you?"

b. Higgins: "What's the matter? Anything wrong?"
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Liza: "Nothing wrong - with you. I've won your bet for you, haven't I? I don't matter,
I suppose."
Higgins: "You won my bet! You! Presumptuous insect! I won it. What did you throw
those slippers at me for?"
Liza: "Because I wanted to smash your face. You thank God it's all over, and that you
can throw me back again in the gutter, do you?" (G. B. Shaw)

Exercise 4. Ask a question about the given topic:
Example: age - How old are you?
name; spelling of name; date of birth; weather; other languages; transportation to school;
spare time activities and interest.

Exercise 5. Make a yes/no question for each of the sentences below according to the
model:
MODEL: They can stay there.
Can they stay there?

1. She stays there. 2. He's staying there. 3. She will stay there. 4. She's going to stay
there. 5. They stayed there. 6. They should stay there. 7. John has stayed there.

Exercise 6. Make questions for the given answers:
MODEL: Does he live in London? Yes, he lives in London.
1. ...Yes, she took the bus. 2. ...Yes, he wants to come. 3. ...Yes, John and Steve went
home. 4. ...Yes, she can speak English. 5. ...Yes, they were invited to the party. 6. ...Yes,
I have met his wife. 7. ...Yes, I heard the news broadcast. 8. ...Yes, I have read today's
paper. 9. ...Yes, I would like to go on a picnic. 10. ...No, I'm not waiting for Jane. 11.
...No, I didn't answer all the questions.

Exercise 7. Form special questions using who, what, why, etc. based on the following
sentences:
1. Yesterday Mary was late for school because it was raining hard. (when, who, why)
2. My brother is very fond of thrillers because he says they read easily. (who, what,
why)
3. I accept the invitation most gladely because the soloist will play beautifully at the
concert tomorrow. (what, how, why, where, when)
4. The play reads better than it acts. (what, how)
5. My girlfriend, whom I'm going to marry, says women's clothes cost hundreds of
dollars. (who, which, what, how much)

Exercise 8. Ask questions to which the following statements might be the answer. The
point of the question is underlined:
1. I'm buying this book for my brother.
2. She is a very pretty woman.
3. I have known him since 1970.
4. I think that he did it.
5. I gave him the book.
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6. He comes to London about once a month.
7. My room is four metres by five.
8. This magnifying glass is for counting stamp perforations.
9. Mary lives about five miles away.
10. He fell about fifty feet down the mountain.
11. They have postponed the trip because of the weather.
12. The bridge is built of reinforced concrete.
13. He earns about twenty five pounds a week.
14. It takes four hours to get there.
15. "Deceitful" means dishonest.
16. He went this way, not that way.
17. These are John's books.
18. He is friendly, generous and kind-hearted.
19. He is tall, thin and has short black hair.
20. I like rock music.
21. I want the felt-tip pen not the ballpoint.
22. He is looking for a new job.
23. The weather is hot in July.
24. The child is playing in the park.
25. I visit him once a week.

Exercise 9. Turn the following sentences into the interrogative. Pay attention to the
change of some and its compounds:
1. John was conscious that someone was there.
2. He lent his book to someone.
3. Somebody told him that there was to be a race.
4. Bertram met someone who told him something about the meeting.
5. I want some more coffee, please.
6. The doctor said that you must take some rest.
7. There is something I can do about it.
8. There was someone at home when he called.
9. I have dropped my pencil somewhere on the floor.
10. He will go to the hospital with someone.
11. My friend used to lend me some of his best novels.

Exercise 10. Fill in the spaces with the correct form of have.
1. How many sides ... a pentagon?
2. You ... a good journey yesterday?
3. You ... children?
4. English people always .... roast beef for lunch?
5. ... you a match on you?
6. How did you damage your car? ... you an accident?
7. What time ... you breakfast?

Exercise 11. Use question tags to express sarcasm or to make incredulous comments on
the statements below:
16
MODEL: Do as I say, I'm giving orders here.
Oh, you are, are you?
1. I'd rather give up the whole project than take you as partner.
2. We all think you are utterly wrong.
3. I'm awfully sorry.
4. We want you to do things our way.
5. I will never accept it.
6. I don't believe a word you say.
7. There was nothing else I could do, really.

Exercise 12. Rewrite the following sentences using the form with else:
1. For what other reason would he fear the police?
2. What other person asked you that question?
3. In what other way could I make him understand?
4. If this isn't yours what other person's can it be?
5. At what other time could I do it?
6. For what other purpose could I use this?

Exercise 13.
a. Change the sentences below using more polite forms like would you mind/ do you
mind.
1. Lend me some money! 2. Read the instructions! 3. Tell Robert I wish to see him. 4.
Ask Helen to come to my office! 5. Ring me back this afternoon! 6. Come back in an
hour's time!

b. Replace the direct request by forms containing Do you mind if:
1. May I borrow your dictionary for a short while? 2. May I call on you sometime later in
the week? 3. May I ask you a question? 4. May I interrupt you? 5. May I seat here and
wait for you?

Exercise 14. Convert the following questions into indirect questions:
1. When does the performance begin? (I don't know)
2. Is the book worth reading? (I wonder)
3. Did he come on Monday or on Tuesday? (I don't remember)
4. Why didn't he keep his appointment? (tell me)
5. What time did John come back yesterday? (Mary wondered)
6. Who was that man in old-fashioned clothes? (My friend couldn't recognize)
7. When are we going to start on our trip? (the students wonder)
8. Could you manage it or not? (the old friend inquired)
9. What are they going to do with me? (Looking at the boys and at Fagin, Oliver Twist
wondered)
10. When did you buy this fancy car? (he asked)
11. How old is she? (my friend asked)

17

IMPERATIVES

Exercise 1. Here are ten quotations from The Watchers on the Shore by Stan Barstow. All
are imperatives, but none has the function of giving a command. Suggest the function of
each sentence:
1. Excuse me, Miss Pennyman.
2. Let me help you with this lot, Albert.
3. Come on, lets go help ourselves.
4. Dont say anything to my mother or anybody, will you?
5. Take it easy.
6. Dont forget to put your clocks back.
7. Dont take any notice of your mother, Vic.
8. Here, listen to this.
9. Give my love to Yorkshire.
10. Go on with you.

Exercise 2. Rewrite the following sentences in two different indirect ways:
1. Stop talking, she told us.
2. I suggested, Let them have a go.
3. Stop there, I shouted.
4. Do invite Charles, she pleaded.
5. Look what youre doing!
6. Dont go away, I said to them.
7. The users manual says, Oil the spindle frequently.
8. Nobody move, he warned.
9. You just keep your big mouth shut, he said to me.
10. Do as you please!

Exercise 3. Express these commands more politely. Use more variants:
1. Pass me the salad! 2. Dont sit there! 3. Ring me up tonight! 4. Drive carefully! 5. Feed
the cat! 6. Sign here! 7. Dont smoke in little Toms room! 8. Show me your passport!

EXCLAMATORY

Exercise 1. Change the following statements into exclamations introduced by what or
how:
1.She looks very well. 2.The book is very interesting. 3.The poem is wonderful.
4.John is an extraordinary man. 5.She was wearing a lovely green dress at the party.
6.He played the piano beautifully. 7.It was foolish of my brother to make such a
mistake. 8.Pete is running very fast. 9.It is easy for you to say such a thing. 10.Ellen
is pretty. 11.The party is very well organised. 12. She got good marks.

Exercise 2. Make up exclamatory sentences of your own according to the following
formulae:
18
1. What + NP + S + V !
2. How +A/ Adv + S + V !
3. Here / there + S (= personal pronoun) + V!
4. Here / there + V + S (= noun)!

Exercise 3. Form exclamatory sentences:
1. The problem is very difficult. 2. You look healthy after your vacation. 3. Mike is an
absent-minded boy. 4. They had an awful morning. 5. She solves the problems quickly. 6.
This is a hot day. 7. She is an affectionate mother.

Exercise 4. From a given affirmative statement, construct possible related interrogative,
negative, imperative and exclamatory sentences. Make the necessary changes.
1. You came early. 2 You brought a nice present for your sister. 3. You are a good boy,
Paul. 4. He solved the problems efficiently. 5. She is smart. 6. They bought a lovely
house. 7. Nick came up with an interesting project.

Exercise 5. Translate into English:
1. Ce minunat lucru! 2. Ct de frumos vorbete! 3. Ce furtun! 4. Ce idee strlucit! 5. Ce
grele sunt bagajele! 6. Numai dac ar fi posibil! 7. n nici un caz s nu accepi!

BIBLIOGRAFIE:

1. Bdescu, Alice. 1984. Gramatica limbii engleze. Bucureti: Ed. tiinific i
Enciclopedic.
2. Budai, Lszl. 1997. Gramatica englez. Teorie i exerciii. Bucureti: Teora.
Bucureti: Teora.
4. Gleanu-Frnoag, G. 1996. Sinteze de gramatic englez. Bucureti : Ed.
Lucman.
5. Murar, I., Pisoschi, C., Trantescu, A. M.. 2005. Essentials of English Syntax.
The Simple Sentence. Craiova: Ed. Universitaria.

UNITATEA 2. The Subject

1. S identifice tipurile de subiect.
2. S foloseasc corect subiectele it i there.

Timp de studiu: 4 ore.

Exercise 1. Point out the subject in the following sentences and state by what part of
speech it is expressed:
1. Old Gordon and Oliver were close friends and neighbours.
2. The brandy and soda was cool and comforting.
3. The brandy and the soda have not cooled as yet; they are still in the fridge.
4. The two walked in silence.
5. One of the clerks entered with a sheaf of documents.
6. It was bitterly cold; the wind cut like a knife.
7. One should do ones duty.
8. On the shore there was a group of fishermen.
9. The stronger among the girls ran about and engaged in active games.
10. Neither she nor any of her family had ever been to visit me.
11. It was time for him to be off.
12. Perhaps its no use my mentioning it at present.
13. There followed a list of things to ask.
14. My answering in the affirmative gave him great satisfaction.
15. He isnt likely to come.
16. To talk of those merry school-days makes me young again.
17. Playing ball and talking about cars are his chief interests.
18. There are no matches left in the box.
19. Whoever did that will be punished.

Exercise 2. Identify the constituent which realizes the subject function in each of the
following sentences:
1. The light of a torch flickered.
2. It is sometimes argued that there is no real progress.
3. The wind coming down from the snowfields above woke us every night as we
lay in our tent.
4. There were about half a dozen men seated in the bar.
5. It was my great good fortune to meet him before he died.
6. There is no way of knowing what goes on in their minds.
7. Somebody close the door!
8. You dont say it!

Exercise 3. Analyse the subjects in the following text and translate it into Romanian:
1. Wasnt it late? she asked. They hadnt come home yet. He flicked his watch
carelessly open. But it was only just past seven. He held his watch open for a
moment, deciding that he would tell her what he had felt on the terrace. To begin
with, it was not reasonable to be so nervous. Andrew could look after himself. Then,
he wanted to tell her that when he was walking on the terrace just now here he
20
became uncomfortable, as if he were breaking into that solitude, that aloofness, that
remoteness of hers... But she passed him. What had he wanted to tell her, she asked,
thinking it was about going to the Lighthouse. (Virginia Woolf To the Lighthouse)

Exercise 4. State with what meaning the pronouns one, we, they and you are used in
the function of the subject:
1. One should be careful when crossing the road.
2. One must always keep ones word.
3. One must do ones duty under any circumstance.
4. One is always pleased to meet old friends.
5. We must not allow children to have their own way.
6. We often see other peoples faults without seeing our own.
7. We must spare the old.
8. You never know where to find that man.
9. You cannot do different kinds of work at the same time.
10. They say the weather will change soon.
11. They drink exquisite tea in England.
12. They say the conference will be put off for a month.

Exercise 5. Point out the complex subject in the following sentences:
1. These islands are said to have been discovered as early as 1700.
2. I just hapened to be passing, so I dropped in.
3. She was never known to have done a good thing on behalf of anybody.
4. He appears to be very strong.
5. At the same time the carriage was heard rolling up the gravel-walk.
6. For her to undertake such a voyage is sheer madness.

Exercise 6. Substitute complex constructions for the subordinate subject clauses:
MODEL: It is known that she speaks English well.
She is known to speak English well.
1. It is reported that the football match will take place on May 15
th
.
2. It is supposed that the playwright is working at another comedy.
3. It is said that the book is popular with both old and young.
4. It was understood that the parties had come to an agreement.
5. It is reported that the flood has not caused much damage to the crop.
6. It has been found that this mineral water is very good for the liver.
7. It seems that you dont approve of the idea.
8. It proved that my predictions were correct.
9. It is likely that they will maintain close contacts with the manufacturers.
10. It appears that the goods were not properly packed.
11. It is expected that highly mechanized and automated working processes will
be introduced in those plants.
12. It is known that many our machines-tools surpass some foreign models in
efficiency and convenience in operation.
13. It was necessary that some changes should take place.
14. It is advisable that they shouldnt leave so late.
15. It is difficult that we should finish this project in time.
21
16. It is important that our delegates should have been discussing all matters
thoroughly.

Exercise 7. Change the sentences including an ing form into equivalent sentences by
using it in subject position. Analyze the role of it and the type of subject it
represents:
1. Going to bed is highly advisable.
2. Meeting the same people so often isnt amusing.
3. Finding synonyms for these words was easy.
4. Learning new things is always interesting.
5. Smoking so many cigarettes a day is not good for your health.
6. Arguing is advisable if you are convinced of the correctness of your point of
view.
7. Calling a meeting tomorrow is not a bad idea.

Exercise 8. Extrapose the subject in the following clauses:
1. That Pam is seeking divorce surprised us.
2. To leave without saying goodbye was bad manners, really.
3. Who she goes out with doesnt interest me.
4. To swim in a cold lake is not my idea of fun.
5. That recognizing syntactic categories at first sight is not easy is obvious.

Exercise 9. State the nature of the it subjects below:
1. I dont much like the heat. Oh, I do. I find it stimulating.
2. It was but natural that she should be angry.
3. It was yesterday that they came.
4. At nine oclock the next day I went out. It was cold and rainy. At the first
corner, I came upon a man who seemed strangely familiar. It was uncle
Caesar, an old negro who wore the most remarkable coat that I had ever see. It
was long and had been grey. But rain and sun had changed it that it was
impossible to name the colour. (O. Henry)

Exercise 10. Translate into Romanian:
1. There comes John! There he comes! 2. Theres the bell ringing. 3. There he goes
grumbling again. 4. Post this letter for me, there is a good boy! 5. There soon
appeared, pausing in the doorway a grey-haired man. 6. Once upon a time, in a very
small country town... there lived a little man named Nathaniel Pipkins.

Exercise 11. Point out the difference in form and meaning between a and b.
1. a. There is a man in the garden.
1. b. Who else is there to help? There is the man in the garden.
2. a. There was an accident caused by the truck drivers carelessness.
2. b. There is the accident.
3. a. There was an old photo, two pencils and a rubber in the bag.
3.b. What is there in the bag? Theres the old photo, the pencils and the
rubber.

Exercise 12. Paraphrase the following sentences using introductory there:
MODEL: Something must be wrong. - There must be something wrong.
22
1. Someone to see you is outside.
2. Nothing is funnier than a kitten with a string.
3. A building was torn down on main street.
4. Is anything bothering you?
5. Some stores are staying open all night, arent there?
6. Five men have been working on the project.
7. A greater dramatist has never existed.
8. Does anyone not understand?
9. I could do nothing.

Exercise 13. Fill in the blancks with it or there. Mention the roles of it and there.
1. ....... is three miles to the station. 2. ......... is a long time since I gave up smoking. 3.
..... is time to finish the cleaning before we go. 4. ....... is no place like home. 5. Dont
eat that, ...... is a poisonous mushroom; .... are many of them in these parts. 6. ..... is a
shame that even today ...... are so many unkempt gardens around. 7. ...... is something
fishy going on there and ....... is your job to find out what. 8. ...... was a long time
before I got an answer. Then, one day a letter arrived well, ...... was not really a
letter, for ...... was only one sentence on the paper. 9. ..... was a hotel in the village so
we decided to stay there. ..... was a charming village and I was very happy there, but
my children were bored because ..... was nothing to do in the evenings.

Exercise 14. Apply the following statements to new subjects (either in the affirmative
or in the negative).
MODEL: He must go. So must the others.
I have not read the book. Nor/neither have we.
1. You can come whenever you like.
2. I like poems by Dylan Thomas.
3. She hasnt finished her work yet.
4. You shouldnt smoke so much.
5. She didnt meet him yesterday.
6. I dont want to interfere.
7. Nick wrote me a letter.
8. She prefers to go by plane.
9. He doesnt like Janes attitude.

Exercise 15. Disambiguate the following sentences:
1. Visiting relatives can be boring. 2. Flying planes can be dangerous. 3. Washing
machines will be unnecessary in the future. 4. The lamb was too hot to eat. 5. The
shooting of the hunters surprised the people. 6. What bothered Henry was being
investigated by the police.

Exercise 16. Analyse the subjects in the sentences below in terms of thematic roles:
1. John opened the door. 2. Chicago is windy. 3. Windows break easily. 4. Paper tears
instantly. 5. Flowers sell quickly. 6. The door was opened by the janitor. 7. The stone
moved. 8. The bed has not been slept in for several nights.

23
BIBLIOGRAFIE:

i Enciclopedic.
Teora.
Bucureti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.

UNITATEA 3. The Predicate

1. S identifice tipurile de predicat.
2. S recunoasc clasele de verbe copulative.


Exercise 1. State the types of predicates in the sentences below:
1. A thing of beauty is a joy forever. (John Keats)
2. How can you say such a thing?
3. The path grew steep and the man climbed slowly.
4. He soon came to realize how right his parents had been.
5. It must be getting late he said. Whats the time?
6. Tom caught sight of something in the water. (G. Eliot)
7. After a while they began talking over their plans.
8. Mister Copperfield was very kind to me, and took a great deal of notice of me
and paid me a good deal of attention and at last proposed to me. (Ch. Dickens)
9. I ran across John on his way to the office.
10. That boring man called again this morning but I had my sister tell him I was
out.
11. Lucy and I have always got on well together.
12. Now, look here, why dont you let me bring you a cup of coffee, then, when it
cools down a little maybe we can all go for a walk.
13. Jane is in her room.
14. He has been working hard and he is exhausted.
15. The wallet is here.

Exercise 2. Indicate whether the predicate in each sentence is expressed by: an
intransitive, a transitive or a link-verb:
1. The tomatoes are growing well. Hes growing tomatoes.
2. Trollopes novels read easily. Tom read all Trollopes novels last year.
3. The actress slowly turned towards the audience.Orson turned the doorknob
very slowly. The witness turned pale during the cross examination.
4. It was his best suit and it was becoming uncomfortably tight. What a lovely
hat! Isnt it becoming! In the centre of the room, as became host, stood the
head of the family, old Jolyon himself. (J. Galsworthy)

Exercise 3. Comment on the use and the meaning of the given verb in the sentences
of every group:
TO BE
1. Who is that? It is I/me. Arent you ready yet? Its time you were. Today is
Monday. When is your birthday? The station is a mile away. Hes twelve
years old. What are you going to be when you grow up?
2. I shall be seing him soon. What have you been doing this week? I am to
inform you that you have won the big prize of the competition. They are to be
married in May. If I were to tell you what would happen? Every member of
the party was to pay his own expenses. At what time am I to be there?
25
3. There were six of us. He is the greatest man that ever was. For there to be life
there must be air and water. Dont be long. Let them be. He is off to London. I
have been to see my uncle. Have you ever been to Scotland? Has the postman
been?

TO HAVE
1. Have you done it? I shall have done it by next week. You ought to have done.
Had I known I should not have worried.
2. How many days has June? Has the house got a good garden? Has she blue
eyes or brown eyes? He hasnt got a good memory for poetry. What kind of
holiday have you in mind? I wont have such conduct. I wont have you say
such things about an innocent man. Did she have the opportunity of practising
her English?
3. Do you often have to go to the dentists? Have you got to go to the dentists
today? The children dont have to go to school in the afternoon, do they? You
havent got to go to school today, have you? Did you have to leave early?
These shoes will have to be repaired. Do you have much time for reading?
Have you got time to come with me to my tailors?
4. Do you have tea or coffee for breakfast? What shall we have for dinner? Let
me have a try. We didnt have much difficulty. Did you have a good holiday?
Youd better have your bad tooth taken out.

TO DO
1. He did not go. Thats exactly what he did say. Does he agree to it? So hard
did they work that they forgot all about their rest. Not only did they promise
to help but personally came down to see about the matter. Do tell me what
happened.
2. She plays the piano better than she did. He lives in Bucharest, doesnt he? She
doesnt speak French; nor does her sister. Who broke the window? I did.
3. What are you doing now? What shall I do next? I will do what I can. Whats
done cannot be undone. Its easier said than done. Well begun is half done.
When in Rome do as the Romans do. You would do well to take the doctors
advice. She is doing her homework now. I have a lot of correspondence; I
shall do my best to finish it by noon. Do your duty!

Exercise 4. Analyse the nominal predicates in the following sentences:
1. The day was overcast and utterly still.
2. They are our best experts in the field.
3. It is simply out of the question.
4. Outside it was getting dark.
5. Days are getting shorter already.
6. Trees have turned yellow.
7. It was growing dark and foggy and beginning to rain too.
8. He seems terribly upset.
9. He did not seem in the least tired.
10. The night had seemed strangely silent.
11. This cloth feels soft and smooth like a velvet.
12. Dont you feel tired of so much talking?
13. Whatever she cooks always smells tasty and appetizing.
26
14. Children, you must keep quiet when father is working.
15. There will certainly be a day when your dreams will come true.

Exercise 5. Analyse the predicates expressed by verbal idioms. Translate the
sentences into Romanian:
1. It goes without saying that he is a very sincere man.
2. You certainly put your foot into it when you told him that you did not like
poetry.
3. Dont argue with him any longer; you are only wasting your breath.
4. Sit here with us; we can move over and make room for you on this sofa.
5. He beats about the bush so much that no one knows exactly what he wants.
6. He once played a mean trick on John and now John wants to get even with
him.
7. She has her heart set on taking the trip.
8. They are ready to meet us half way in the matter of prices.
9. What you say does not make sense to me.
10. She talks so much that she gets on my nerves.
11. If you have time drop me a line now and then while you are around.
12. He takes pains with everything that he does.
13. He promised to keep in touch with us while he was abroad.
14. Keep an eye on my suitcase while I buy my ticket.
15. It stands to reason that if he never prepares his lessons he is not going to make
good progress.
16. She always wants to have her own way, but this time, for a change, she is
going to do what I say.
17. It is very easy to find fault with the work of others.
18. Excuse me for not introducing you to Kate; I took it for granted that you two
knew each other.
19. What are the two boys up to?
20. Not having had any previous experience, John doesnt stand a chance of
getting that job.
21. He took advantage of their kindness and stayed a whole month without paying
them anything.

BIBLIOGRAFIE:

i Enciclopedic.
Teora.
Bucureti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.

UNITATEA 4. The Subject Verb Concord

Obiective: Studenii vor fi capabili s:
1. S identifice tipurile de acord.
2. S foloseasc corect verbele n cazul subiectelor exprimate prin
substantive nenumrabile.


Exercise 1. Use the correct form of the verb in brackets, paying attention to the
agreement between the subject (expressed by pronouns) and the predicate:
1. Nobody in my family (have) ever dreamt of such a thing.
2. Everyone in the office (like) her.
3. (Do) either of you know anything about him?
4. None of them (like) fried chicken.
5. (Be) anyone interested in this?
6. Neither of the stores (be) open on Saturday afternoon.
7. Nobody in the group (know) about this.
8. Every one of the drivers (check) the brakes before starting the race.
9. Each of the students (try) to give a good answer.
10. (Do) either of you meet him at the station?
11. Each of them (type) forty words a minute.

Exercise 2. Put the verb in brackets in the correct form by observing the agreement
between the subject and the predicate:
1. Phonetics (be) very important when learning a foreign language.
2. The local police (have) helped the firemen to put out the fire.
3. (Be) mathematics your favorite subject?
4. Fortunately, all the crew (be) saved.
5. The poultry (be) fed three times a day.
6. The Romanian army (have) fought for the countrys independence.
7. The U.S.A. (have) Washington as the capital.
8. The Sketches by J. K. Jerome (be) on sale in any bookshop.
9. The Times (not publish) the strip cartoons that are common in many other
papers.
10. Nearly all the class (be) given good marks.
11. Our new committee (consist) of several members.
12. Five dollars (be) too much to pay for a used book.
13. Three weeks (be) no time at all when you spend your vacation in such
pleasant surroundings.
14. The class of 1973 (request) your presence at a reception to be given Thursday,
June 3, at eight oclock.

Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form:
1. A knowledge of rules (help) you use English correctly.
2. A bunch of fresh flowers (be) on his desk.
3. The kind of western movies that I see these days (bore) me.
4. Bread and butter (be) usually served for breakfast.
5. The writer and the editor-in-chief (have) just entered the room.
28
6. Mary and Tom (tease) my sister about being so fat.
7. He is warmest admirer and severest critic (be) his wife.
8. There (be) a table and six chairs in that room.
9. Because of heavy rains there (be) more grass and flowers than usual at this
time of the year.
10. When I met him at the railway station, John together with his friends (be)
leaning for London.
11. The first sight of the boulevard with its bright colours (impress) a visitor.
12. My friend, along with two of his brothers, often (go) for a walk on Sunday
mornings.
13. My friends, as well as myself (be) ready to help you.
14. (Be) he or his colleagues at the lecture last night?
15. Either my father or my mother (accompany) my younger brother.
16. Every evening its either Jane or her sister that (do) the dishes.
17. Either Mary or her parents (be) to entertain the guests.
18. Neither the dictionnary not the newspaper (belong) to me.
19. Neither Mr. Evans nor his secretaries (answer) the phone.
20. Neither expensive lotions nor frequent massaging (prove) successfull in the
treatment of baldness.
21. Neither the doctor nor the nurse (be) here on Sunday.
22. Neither he nor I (be) guilty.
23. John or Tom (be) paying the bill.
24. (Be) you or I supposed to accompany him to the station?
25. Correct spelling, in addition to usage of verbs (be) also essential to good
writing.
26. Neither you nor I (have) been invited to her birthday party.

Exercise 4. Complete the following sentences paying attention to the agreement
between the subject and the predicate:
1. The heavy rains in addition to the colds .............. 2. The cat together with the
kittens .......... . 3. The driver as well as his wife .................... . 4. Everyone in the
family, including my parents .................... . 5. The beautiful design, in addition to the
performance of the car ................ . 6. An interest in children, together with a sense of
humour ................. . 7. The President, together with his advisers ...................... .

Exercise 5. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the auxiliary to do:
1. ............... the scissors belong to you?
2. ................. either of them want to join us?
3. ................. any of these problems bother him?
4. ................. any of you play the piano?
5. .................. neither of these dresses suit you?

BIBLIOGRAFIE:
i Enciclopedic.
Teora.
Bucureti: Teora.
29
Ed. Lucman.

UNITATEA 5. Passive Constructions

1. S recunoasc clasele de verbe ce pot fi trecute la diateza pasiv.
2. S transforme o propoziie de la diateza activ la diateza pasiv.


Exercise 1. Consider the following quotations from South Wind by Norman Douglas
and decide why and with what effect the writer chose to use passive verb forms:
1. He took out his watch. Two more hours of discomfort to be gone through!
2. A few words of civility.... had lead to an exchange of cards a continental
custom Mr. Head always resented. It could not easily be avoided in the
present case.
3. Under the fierce attraction of the sun, the fogs were drawn upwards.
4. Mr. Head was intercepted on his way to the hotel by the genial priest.
5. Poor folks! They ought to be sent home. They dont belong here.

Exercise 2. Where possible, give a passive form to all verbs in the following
sentences, noting any change in emphasis and meaning. Indicate also the effect of
retaining or dropping the active subject in the passive form:
1. I ate my breakfast. 2. They serve breakfast from seven until ten thirty. 3. Peter said
that Alan had paid the bill. 4. He was looking for somewhere to stay. 5. We request
the public to cooperate. 6. Handel composed the music for The Messiah. 7. The
computer has come up with some strange information. 8. She left John all her money.
9. We had a stroke of bad luck last week. 10. The British drink too much alcohol.

Exercise 3. Change the following sentences into the passive voice:
1. They will lose sight of the ship in a few minutes.
2. She is washing the dress.
3. My colleague spoke to me on my way to school; he wanted to know the truth.
4. They asked me many questions.
5. Mother made them work very hard.
6. My brother is going to fix the washing machine.
7. I havent found your book yet.
8. They showed us the house.
9. They blamed my sister for the failure.
10. His relatives deprived him of his fortune.
11. They offered her a nice present.
12. She will give us the answer tonight.
13. He promised me a better equipment.
14. Someone has robbed me!
15. Dont worry! People will soon forget it.
16. You must finish the article by five oclock.
17. The jury awarded the Pulitzer Prize to my friend.
18. What should one do in such conditions?
19. They evicted the family for not paying the rent.
20. Nobody can do it.
21. All the employees congratulated him on his great success.
31
22. They say that dogs are very intelligent.
23. People expect that he will win the competition.

Exercise 4. Rewrite the sentences into the passive:
1. His friends believe him to be a hero.
2. Didnt they promise you a rise last year, too?
3. Someone left me a legacy.
4. They have turned on the lights.
5. Buses take them home in the evening.
6. People speak English in many different parts of the world.
7. They brought us the list.
8. The neighbours took great care of her little son.
9. Who discovered the phenomenon?
10. I will meet you at the station.
11. Nobody has ever spoken to me like that before.
12. I had already sent the letter when you phoned me.
13. She had cooked the dinner by seven oclock.
14. The doctor will have examined the children by noon.
15. They are cleaning the house.
16. She was teaching them a new rule.
17. They didnt agree upon the problem.
18. The scientific team talked about the matter very much, but they didnt arrived
at any conclusion.
19. She gave me an interesting novel.
20. They envied my luck.
21. The project has not been carried out.
22. They charged him with a difficult mission.
23. I helped him with a painting.
24. The critics consider that his last novel is the best.

Exercise 5. Change the following sentences into the passive voice:
1. They objected to my suggestions.
2. They always listen to this radio program.
3. He insisted upon the problem.
4. John sent for the doctor.
5. We often refer to his works.
6. Everybody will laugh if you wear that funny dress.
7. I will deal with this matter at once.
8. They didnt think of a crisis.
9. We will come to these aspects soon.
10. We looked after Mary.

Exercise 6. Change these sentences from the passive into the active voice:
1. The children were left at home. 2. I was invited to the party. 3. You will be told
everything about the negotiations. 4. By whom has the parcel been brought? 5. The
doctor will be called for. 6. The text was being typed. 7. You have been waited for
since ten oclock. 8. He was not expected to behave like that. 9. We were shown
some famous monuments. 10. The will was lost track of for a long time until it was
accidentally discovered by the old servant.
32

Exercise 7. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it is as similar as
possible to the sentence before it:
1. The car completely destroyed my motorbike.
My motorbike ...................
2. The teacher refused his permission to take the test later.
He ...............
3. Nobody ever let me study the guitar when I was a child.
I ..................
4. It is often said that John never wrote such articles.
John ................
5. There were once thought to be aliens on Mars.
It ..................
6. From what we understand, there was an attack last night in the outskirts of the
town.
There is ...............
7. Its a widespread assumption that George was wrongly accused.
George ..................
8. You have to clean these rooms by noon.
These rooms are ...................
9. Under no circumstances should you cross this line.
This line is ....................
10. The first prize was awarded to a young poet.
A young poet .............
11. She vaguely remembers that she was knocked by a car.
She has vague memories of ...............
12. Its never very nice when people stare at you.
Being .............
13. I really wish I hadnt been forced to do that horrible thing.
I really regret ...............
14. He didnt remeber that he had been asked to invite her to the party.
He had no recollection of .....................
15. Because I was told it was cheaper, I naturally bought that TV set.
Having ................

Exercise 8. Decide in each sentence whether only one or both verbs underlined are
suitable:
1. My brother was/got killed in the World War II.
2. I had/got my homework done although I was so tired.
3. I must have/get these shoes repaired.
4. I was/got left behind when the mini-taxi drove off.
5. Paul was/got injured after he had been playing for only ten minutes.
6. They had/got their house painted in blue last year as usual.

Exercise 9. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the
same:
1. People think that neither side wanted war.
Neither side .............
2. Everybody knows that eating fruit is good for health.
33
Eating fruit ...............
3. People thought the statue had been destroyed.
The statue ..............
4. People say that the late Mr. Johnson was difficult to work with.
The late Mr. Johnson .................
5. People think the expensive watch was stolen by his own son.
His own son ...................
6. It is believed that the Chinese invented the gunpowder.
The Chinese ....................
7. Apparently the warehouse did not sustain any damage.
The warehouse .................
8. There is a rumour that the escaped prisoner is living abroad now.
The escaped prisoner ....................

Exercise 10. Translate into English using the Passive Voice:
1. Aceast emisiune nu a fost nc transmis.
2. Acum se construiete o nou coal pe acest teren.
3. Mi s-a artat o nou cale de a rezolva problema.
4. Acest roman se vinde foarte bine.
5. S-a trimis dup un specialist.
6. Toate porelanurile s-au spart cnd ne-am mutat.
7. De cine vor fi ngrijii copiii?
8. Ni s-a promis un nou calculator.
9. A fost rnit n lupt.
10. Barca n-a mai fost zrit din pricina ceii groase.
11. Bluza se spal foarte uor.
12. Lumina fusese deja aprins.
13. Aceste probleme vor fi tratate mai trziu n capitolele urmtoare.
14. Nimeni n-a dormit n aceast camer n ultimul timp.
15. I s-au dat multe bijuterii.
16. S-a ajuns la un compromis.
17. Fusesem sftuii s ne reconsiderm poziia.
18. Se crede c morcovii mbuntesc vederea.
19. Fiind pltit lunar cu o sum mic nu mi-am putut achita datoriile.
20. i amintea c fusese luat de acolo cnd era mic.
21. Era considerat a fi principalul responsabil de tot ce se ntmplase.
22. Fiind nepat de albine, nu pot suferi aceste insecte.

Exercise 11. Correct any verb forms which are impossible or inappropriate:
1. A lot of houses in the area have been being broken into by burglars.
2. As I drove south, I could see that the highway was rebuilding.
3. I suppose the letter will have been delivered by now.
4. There is nothing more annoying than been interrupted when you are speaking.
5. Jim was been given a prize for his activity.
6. Somehow without my noticing my wallet had been disappeared.
7. I am been questioned by the investigators.
8. The new clinic was opened yesterday.
9. A lot of meetings have been held, but nothing has being decided yet.
10. Last week it is decided not to have a shareholders meeting after all.
34

Exercise 12. Rewrite each sentence so that it does not contain the words underlined
and so that it contains a passive form:
1. Someone left the phone off the hook all night.
2. The government has announced that the prices will rise again.
3. A burglar broke into our house last week.
4. People asked me about his life many times.
5. Its time the police did something about the crime in the area.
6. The politicians change the law.
7. They have to fill in an application form.

Exercise 13. Put each verb in brackets into the Passive in an appropiate tense:
1. The luggage ................... (not pack) yet.
2. Your lunch ....................... still (prepare).
3. The new ship ...................... (launch) next week.
4. We had to go on holiday because our house .................... (decorate).
5. The flight ..................... (cancel).
6. Hurry up! All the tickets ............... (sell) by the time we get to the theatre.
7. All main courses ................ (serve) with vegetables or salad.
8. The letter ................. (write) yesterday.
9. The cathedral ................ (build) in the sixteenth century.

Exercise 14. Rewrite each sentence, beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays
the same:
1. A friend lent John the car he drove in the race.
The car John drove in the race ................... .
2. At the time my aunt was looking after the children for us.
At the time our children ............... .
3. The police have issued a description of the wanted man.
A description ................. .
4. My lawyer told me not to say anything at this time.
I have .................... .
5. There is no definite decision yet about the new project.
Nothing ..................... .
6. Nobody had told me the truth.
I ...................... .
7. It was a mistake to elect Mr. Brad.
Mr. Brad should not ................. .

Exercise 15. Rewrite each sentence in a more formal style so that it contains a passive
form of the word given in capitals:
1. The inspector is grilling my brother down at the station. QUESTION
...................................................................................
2. The archeologists found the remains of an old Roman villa. DISCOVER
...................................................................................
3. They stopped playing the match after half an hour. ABANDON
...................................................................................
4. I dont know your name. INTRODUCE
35
...................................................................................
5. People usually eat this kind of fish with rice. SERVE
...................................................................................
6. They took James to court for crime. PROSECUTE
...................................................................................
7. Weve lost your application. MISLAY
...................................................................................

BIBLIOGRAFIE:
i Enciclopedic.
Teora.
Bucureti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.

UNITATEA 6. Adverbial Modifiers

1. S identifice tipurile de complemente circumstaniale.
2. S identifice prile de vorbire prin care sunt exprimate complementele
circumstaniale.
3. S aeze complementele circumstaniale n ordinea corect n propoziie.


Exercise 1. Point out the Adverbial Modifiers of Place in the following sentences;
state by what they are expressed:
1. Everywhere grew clumps of palms and magnolia trees.
2. About a quarter of a mile off, in a quite substantial looking street stood an old
redbrick house with three steps before the door. (Ch. Dickens)
3. Down jumped the driver and out got Mr. Peggotty. (Ch. Dickens)
4. Amid the green pastures lie fields yellow with golden green. (Ch. Mansfield)
5. From behind the sand hills came the whisper of the sea. (D. H. Lawrence)
6. Near at hand, on a shelf, were his books. (Norris)
7. In front of the window was a plot of grass with old lilacs round it.
8. He drew from his pocket a scrap of what I took to be a very dirty letter. (E. A.
Poe)
9. I have walked a long way.
10. She had wandered about the woods by the rivers brink all day.
11. She had been walking a very great distance.
12. High above the city, on a tall column, stood the statue of the Happy Prince.
(O. Wilde)

Exercise 2. Insert where necessary the required prepositions making Prepositional
Modifiers of Place:
1. The Danube rises ................ the Black Forrest and flows ............... the Black
Sea.
2. Step ......... this ladder but be careful you dont fall ........ it.
3. Look out! Theres a car racing ............ you!
4. When I go ........ the office, I go ......... Victory Road. I pass the museum .......
my way. I stop ........ the traffic lights. When the lights turn green, I go ........
the road, ........... a gate and into the Cimigiu Gardens.
5. We were having tea ............ the fire place.
6. The top of the mountain is 2,000 feet ......... the sea level.
7. The wreck was lying on the bottom, 100 feet ........ the surface of the sea.
8. She took her handkerchief ......... her pocket.
9. He threw the cigarette .......... the window.
10. Before geting ......... the station the train passed ......... the tunnel.
11. The little girl was sitting ......... me and her mother.
12. Their house is placed ........... the town.

37
Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the
(Prepositional) Adverbial Modifiers of Place:
1. Femeia s-a aruncat la picioarele lui i l-a implorat s n-o trimit n oraul de
unde venise.
2. Au luat-o pe crarea cu pietri, strjuit de plopi tremurtori care ducea spre
locul unde se ridica mnstirea.
3. Doreau s ajung n vrf de unde aveau imaginea panoramic a ntregii vi.
4. Peste tot ntlneau oameni generoi.
5. Te voi atepta n locul obinuit.
6. Planta ar crete mai repede dac ai pune-o ntr-un loc mai luminos.
7. Niciodat n-am mai fost n asemenea locuri minunate.
8. Peste tot se puteau vedea fotografii de familie.
9. Unde ai fost n tot acest timp?
10. n zona aceasta pdurile se ntind pe zeci de kilometri.
11. i-a scos cheia din buzunar i a bgat-o n broasc.
12. Aceti muni se ridic la 2500 de metri deasupra nivelului mrii.
13. Cutremurul a ngropat sute de oameni sub drmturi.
14. Rnitul se tr pn la marginea drumului unde se ntinse sub nite tufe.
15. Pmntul se nvrtete n jurul soarelui.
16. Treci pe lng pot n drum spre coal?
17. Unde duce poteca de acolo? Dac mergem pe poteca aceea peste dealuri,
ctigm timp.
18. Este mai bine s urmm cursul prului; curge prin satul spre care ne
ndreptm.
19. Nu v jucai lng lac; s-ar putea s cdei n ap.
20. La munte am mers cu telefericul i astfel am putut admira vasta panoram
care se ntindea sub noi.
21. Primul lucru pe care vreau s-l fac e s dau o rait prin ora.
22. Bunica uit totdeauna unde-i pune ochelarii i de fiecare dat cnd are nevoie
de ei i caut prin toat casa.

Exercise 4. Point out the Adverbial Modifiers of Time in the following sentences;
1. Towards the evening of the following day a letter arrived addressed to herself.
(Coppard)
2. At parting, my aunt gave me some good advice.
3. My dear girl was to arrive at five oclock in the afternoon. (Dickens)
4. They say, said Mary Jane, we havent had snow like it for thirty years...
(J. K. Jerome)
5. Thus they had often finished their breakfast and were out in the summer air by
seven oclock.
6. I woke and looked at my watch; it was five oclock. I had been asleep for
hours.
7. Youll have forgotten me by then.
8. What have you been doing during my absence?
9. In the afternoon he would go out alone and walk for hours.
10. I paused outside the parlour door, on hearing my mothers voice. (Dickens)
11. My mother, after vainly trying to restrain herself, began to cry. (Dickens)
12. Having taken the key from the lock, she led the way upstairs.
38
13. Coming near, I found the door slightly ajar.
14. The dinner being at length quite ready, he dished and served it up.
15. The conference over, he returned to the office.
16. The atticcs was Maggies retrat on a wet day. (G. Eliot)
17. Not one minute all that night did Ellen sleep.

Exercise 5. Write the following sentences with the Adverbial Phrases of Time in the
correct order:
1. I have heard the accident happened (at about seven oclock, on a Monday
evening).
2. I was born (in the afternoon, on November 16
th
1938, at two oclock).
3. We arrived at the seaside (in July, at four oclock, one Saturday, in the
afternoon).
4. When the tourists went out of their tent they saw that the mountain was
covered with snow (in the morning, early).
5. The great fire of London broke out (in 1666, one night in September).
6. The news was broadcast (last Saturday at half past two).
7. We shall come here (in future, every morning, at nine).
8. They went away (on Sunday, for a week).

Exercise 6. Change the Adverbial Clause of Time to an Adverbial Modifier of Time:
1. While I was walking to class, I ran into an old friend.
2. Before I left from work I ate breakfast.
3. When the child was told to go to bed he started to cry.
4. Since Mary came to this town, she has made many friends.
5. When young children are left alone, they can get themselves into all sort of
troubles very quickly.
6. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.
7. When an American woman meet someone for the first time, she may or may
not offer her hand.
8. After she saw a documentary film on the way of life of a primitive tribe in the
Philippines, Kristen decided to become an anthropologist.
9. After I read the chapter four times I understood the authors theory.

Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into English using adverbs of indefinite
time and frequency:
1. Ei vin ntotdeauna la timp.
2. Profesorul nostru de englez nu ne vorbete niciodat n limba romn.
3. Nu voi uita niciodat ziua aceea.
4. Cteodat nu tiu ce e bine i ce e ru.
5. L-am ntrebat deseori despre asta.
6. V putei adresa totdeauna lui Tom cnd avei nevoie de ajutor.
7. ntotdeauna ne vom aminti cu plcere acele zile vesele.
8. Nu trebuie s mai faci asta niciodat.
9. ntotdeauna lucrezi att de mult?
10. l ntlneam uneori la bibliotec.
11. Ai fost vreodat la Paris?

39
Exercise 8. Insert where necessary the required prepositions, making Prepositional
Adverbial Modifiers of Time:
1. My children need to sleep .......... the afternoon.
2. Her friend is coming ............. Friday.
3. The teacher said that we would make our first trip ........ May.
4. You want to go skiing .......... summer and swimming ........ winter.
5. The school year begins ......... September 15
th
.
6. The baby cried several times ........... the night.
7. Why cannot you sleep ........ night?
8. Many families lost their houses ....... the storm.
9. I think I can solve the problem .......... ten minutes.
10. I shall have finished fixing the car ....... next Sunday.
11. She will come back ........ three monthss time.
12. ...... reaching the resort, I checked in the best hotel.
13. Where are you going ...... New Years Eve?
14. The agency is open ..... the morning ...... 9.00 ..... 11.
15. He started teaching English in 1980. It is now 2004. He has been teaching
English ........ 24 years.
16. Our friends stayed with us ..... a month.
17. Lets go for a swim tomorrow. Can you be ready ...... 8.00? Im afraid I
cant. I have lessons ...... lunch time. In fact, I will not finish ...... half passed
twelve.
18. The projector broke down twice ........ the showing of the film.
19. My friend has been in England ........ 2002.

Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into English paying attention to the
Prepositional Adverbs of Time:
1. Expediia plec n zorii zilei.
2. n clipa aceea apru n u un brbat de vrst mijlocie.
3. n vacana de iarn s-au prezentat piese pentru copii la toate teatrele din ora.
4. Serbarea va fi organizat de Crciun.
5. Nu mai vizitasem oraul meu natal de foarte mult vreme i eram hotrt s-
mi petrec vacana acolo. M-am hotrt n prima zi s-mi vizitez toi colegii de
coal.
6. n fiecare diminea se plimb n aer liber o or.
7. Dac ai s vii pe la ora cinci, ai s o gseti acas.
8. N-am fost acolo de mult timp.
9. Mi-a scris c se afl la Bucureti de dou sptmni i c va rmne acolo
cteva zile.
10. Te rog s termini lucrarea nainte de sfritul sptmnii.
11. E neaprat necesar s gndeti nainte de a face un lucru.
12. A izbutit s predea lucrarea la termen.
13. Un nou sediu de banc va fi construit aici peste cteva luni.
14. Va trebui s-i refac planul lucrrii pn lunea viitoare.
15. Pn la sfritul sptmnii va fi adunat toate datele necesare.

Exercise 10. Answer the following pairs of questions using since or for which
introduce Adverbial Phrases of Time:
1. a. Do you happen to know Tom?
40
b. How long have you known him?
2. a. Do you often read English books?
b. How long is it since you last read an English book?
3. a. Is the new plan in operation now?
b. Since when has it been in operation?
4. a. Is her brother a student?
b. How long has he been a student?
5. a. Does he smoke?
b. Since when has he been smoking?
6. a. Is he still trying to learn English?
b. How long has he been trying to learn English?
7. a. Are they still waiting?
b. Since when have they been waiting?

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences into English:
1. Abia acum o lun am aflat c s-a mritat.
2. nc din anul 55 .C. Iulius Cezar a debarcat cu trupele sale pe rmurile
Angliei. Dar adevrata cucerire a Angliei a devenit un fapt abia n anul 43
d.C.
3. n 1440, Guttenberg inventase deja tiparul.
4. El tia s citeasc nainte de a merge la coal.
5. Enescu a nceput s cnte de mic copil. Era nc un copil cnd a aprut prima
dat ntr-un concert public.
6. El a nceput s nvee engleza abia anul trecut.
7. Plecase nainte de a ajunge eu acolo i n-am putut vorbi cu el dect mult mai
trziu.

Exercise 12. Point out the adverbial modifiers of manner in the following sentences;
1. He looked up in surprise.
2. The walls were whitewashed as white as milk. (Ch. Dickens)
3. She walked on and reached a station, hot and cross. (J. Galsworthy)
4. There was a wind like ice.
5. Bosinney and June entered the theatre in silence. (J. Galsworthy)
6. How did you get out without his seeing you?
7. They were to go on Sunday morning by the seven oclock train.
8. I did as requested.
9. I saw her looking at him anxiously.
10. Manson walked quickly down the platform, searching eagerly for some sign
of welcome. (A. Cronin)
11. Soames stood in the dinning room window gazing gloomily into the square.
(J. Galsworthy)
12. The man spoke with a quiet earnestness.
13. I looked in astonishment towards the old man.
14. Nothing can be more lovely than this late autumn day.
15. He was silent as though to fit in with her mood.
16. By this time it was getting dark and snowing pretty heavy.
17. Thus ended Peggottys narration. (Dickens)
41
18. Like all other Forsytes of a certain age they kept carriages of their own, and
never took cabs by any means if they could avoid it. (J. Galsworthy)
19. She hastily dried her eyes to see what was coming. (L. Carroll)
20. Annixter bore the case into the sitting room of the house and, hammer in
hand, attacked vigorously. (Norris)
21. Mr. Pullet, by an unaccountable lapse of memory, had forgotten it and
hastened out, with a stricken conscience, to remedy the omission. (G. Eliot)
22. Screaming, cursing, and praying, laughing, singing, and moaning, they rush
past side by side. (J. K. Jerome)

Exercise 13. Change the following sentences by using Adverbial Modifiers of
Manner instead of adjectives:
1. Peter is a slow worker. 2. Jane is a good dancer. 3. He is a bad actor. 4. Our
teacher is a fluent English speaker. 5. Mary is a hard worker. 6. Nick is a fast
runner. 7. He is an optimistic speaker. 8. Ann is a careful typist. 9. Father is a
careless driver. 10. Paul is an attentive listener.

Exercise 14. Rewrite the following sentences substituting -ly adverbials of manner for
the underlined phrases:
1. He smiles a contemptuous smile. 2. I pick my staff in a careful manner. 3. Oh,
John, she said in a hoarse voice. 4. He bade us farewell in a cold voice. 5. She cried
with bitter tears. 6. He came up to me at a slow pace. 7. He spoke about the trip in an
excited voice. 8. They defended their friend in convincing words. 9. She stared at me
with a fixed look. 10. The Indians lived a simple life, hunting and fishing.

Exercise 15. Replace the underlined words by a single adverb of equivalent meaning
making any necessary changes in word order:
1. The effect of the chemical substance was to change the colour of the tissue little by
little. 2. The little village had change in a fundamental way since I was there last. 3.
The two friends are by disposition and character quite fit for their risky job. 4. I
thought he was right inpart. 5. He looked without interest at the landscape around,
thinking only of his mission there. 6. The old man considered it with much calm. 7.
Dont you feel for me, Lord Warburton? Oh, yes, oh, very much, said the
gentleman addressed as Lord Warburton, without delay. (H. James) 8. The resolution
was carried with the agreement of all. 9. Men are now able to produce more and more
raw materials by artificial means. 10. An avid reader, he reads all books without
regard to differences in quality or theme. 11. The patient was, through an oversight,
given the wrong prescription. 12. Having no mind of his one, the critic adopted with
complete lack of originality the opinion of others. 13. This course of action could, it
may be imagined, lead to ruin.

Exercise 16. Translate the following sentences, rendering the underlined words into
equivalent English Adverbials of Manner:
1. El i-a exprimat punctul de vedere n foarte puine cuvinte. 2. Ei au ntreprins
lucrarea de bun voie. 3. Acest pictor a adoptat stilul lui Picasso cu o complet lips
de originalitate. 4. Bumbacul, ce era cules cu mna, e acum cules cu ajutorul mainii.
5. Acest elev a ctigat premiul cinci ani la rnd.

Exercise 17. Insert the given Adverbials of Manner in the correct places:
42
1. His education has been neglected. (sadly) 2. He put it in English. (well) 3. It was
put in English. (well) 4. He misled us. (deliberately) 5. He spoke. (slowly and
deliberately) 6. He offered to put me up. (kindly) 7. I was learning to spell.
(painstakingly) 8. I wanted to see it. (very badly) 9. She sang the tune. (cheerfully)
10. She offered her apologies. (humbly) 11. He flapped his hands at his sides
(limply). 12. Her suggestion was welcomed. (warmly) 13. His work is appreciated by
his colleagues. (highly) 14. This town has been bombed. (severely) 15. These flowers
were thrown away. (carelessly) 16. The room has been cleaned. (thoroughly). 17.
This rule must be understood. (clearly) 18. The food was served. (beautifully)

Exercise 18. Rewrite the following sentences placing the adverbs in brackets in their
correct place according to the model:
MODEL: He dealt with the subject/it. (perseveringly)
He dealt perseveringly with the subject.
He dealt with it perseveringly.
1. The teachers talked about the new methods of teaching. (endlessly) 2. On Sundays
they walked about the town. (slowly) 3. She spoke to me. (tenderly) 4. He laughed at
us. (kindly) 5. The critics spoke of the play. (highly) 6. Nicholas glanced about him.
(quickly) 7. Aided by the wind the fire spread over the whole city. (rapidly) 8. The
children surrounded the teacher and listened to the story. (eagerly)

Exercise 19. Rewrite the sentences below replacing the adverbial phrase by an
adverb:
1. The audience waited in silence for the play to begin.
2. Do your work with more care.
3. Mary passed the exam with ease.
4. He earns a good salary and they live in prosperity.
5. The winning swimmers returned in triumph with the silver medal.
6. This carpenter does his work with great skill.

Exercise 20. Change the underlined noun to a verb and use an Adverbial Modifier of
Manner:
1. He gave an accurate description of the house. 2. She heaved a sad sigh. 3. Marys
engagement came as a great surprise to her friends. 4. He gave the rope a violent tug.
5. The student received high praise from his teachers. 6. She made a quick summary
of the story. 7. There was a sudden change in his behaviour towards me. 8. Helen
gave the room a thorough cleaning. 9. There was an appreciable drop in temperature.
10. The bus had to make a quick stop.

Exercise 21. Point out the differences between the sentences:
1. a. The expedition was planned scientifically.
b. Scientifically, the expedition was a success.
2. a. George wrote to Mary foolishly.
b. George, foolishly, wrote to her a letter.
3. a. I spoke to the child simply.
b. I simply spoke to the child.
4. a. That hairdresser cut your hair badly.
b. Your hair needs cutting badly.
5. a. Naturally, he expressed his thanks.
43
b. He expressed his thanks naturally.
6. a. Obviously, the teacher thought that the student was not intelligent.
b. The teacher thought the student was obviously not intelligent.
7. a. Clearly, the speaker had not argued his case at all.
b. The speaker had not argued his case at all clearly.

Exercise 22. Use the words in brackets to form participial phrases expressing manner:
1. He was standing near the window. (stare, distance)
2. All night long she lay awake. (make plans, holiday)
3. We spent the whole evening. (watch, TV programme)
4. The girl was standing at the porch. (watch, the beautiful sunset)
5. Peter was walking in the park (look, trees).
6. He read a novel (pay attention, details).
7. Mother always does the shopping (check, attentively, the list).

Exercise 23. Rewrite the following sentences using the adverbs in brackets in the
correct degree of comparison:
1. In a large city you must cross the street (carefully) than in a small one.
2. Please, speak (slowly), so that I can take notes.
3. She moved (awkwardly) than an elephant.
4. He reviewed her work (unfavourably) than Dixon did.
5. Of the three men, you behaved (disgracefully).
6. I pick my staff (carefully) than you do; thats why our results are worse.
7. Hes been sleeping (badly) than myself the last few months.
8. Of the ten students hes been working (hard).
9. The answer came back (quickly) than I had expected.

Exercise 24. Form intensified comparatives placing the adverbs ever, far, still, even,
much, a great deal in front of the comparative degree of the adverbs below:
1. A snail moves slower than a turtle. 2. You should speak English more correctly. 3.
She rides more beautifully since she went to the training school. 4. She sings better
than an opera singer. 5. She did better in the summer exams. 6. She admonished the
boy more severely than the headmaster. 7. He prepaired himself more thoroughly
than his opponent. 8. That crowd took the decision more sportingly. 9. He worked
harder than his father. 10. He spent less than his companion.

a. 1. Tu joci ah mai prost dect fratele tu. 2. Eu joc ah mai prost dect toi. 3. Cine
alearg mai repede, Tom sau Bob? 4. Colegul meu alearg mai ncet dect mine. 5.
Luna aceasta a lucrat mai puin dect luna trecut. 6. Nick vine ntotdeauna mai trziu
ca ceilali. 7. Care dintre toate tablourile expuse a fost descris cel mai puin
convingtor? 8. Dintre toi studenii grupei voastre John a fcut cel mai bine lucrarea.
b. Era rcoare, dar o rcoare plcut, oraul se desena panic la poalele Capelei,
acoperiurile de igl roie i de tabl veche, ruginit de vreme i couri de fum
nsemnau cerul lptos, pe care aluneca obosit o lun de cli ca o umbr albicioas.
(Dinu Sraru)

Exercise 26. Put either fairly or rather in the blank spaces:
1. It is getting ............. late. We ought to go home.
44
2. Wed like to have a ................ large living room in our new flat.
3. I think that his latest book is ................ more interesting than the earlier ones.
4. She told me that she was ..................... surprised at my behaviour.
5. I showed him the essay and he was ............. interested.
6. He has a ................... bad cold.
7. I know her .................. well.
8. When you go to the hospital youll find that Mary is .............. better today.
9. These are good students. The exercises will be .............. easy for them.
10. Can you carry all these parcels? Im afraid they are ............. heavy.
11. Im feeling ............... tired.
12. Its .............. windy today.

BIBLIOGRAFIE:

i Enciclopedic.
Teora.
Bucureti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.

UNITATEA 7. Complex Constructions

1. S identifice i s defineasc construciile complexe.
2. S reduc propoziiile subordinate la construcii complexe.
3. S transforme construciile complexe n propoziii subordonate.


Exercise 1. Define the following complex constructions:
1. He is said to be a good teacher.
2. This course on Linguistics is intended to be suitable for advanced students.
3. It is important for Dora to behave properly.
4. He was surprised at Janes expressing her refusal.
5. I want you to obey the instructions.
6. He warned me not to miss the classes.
7. It is advisable for him to come earlier.
8. Do you mind me smoking here?
9. He left earlier, the luggage to be sent later.
10. A strange object was seen flying over the sea.
11. I heard them coming.
12. Your leaving so early surprised me.
13. I must have this watch repaired.
14. A noise was heard coming from that room.
15. Everything being ready, they left the house.
16. I want this finished immediately.
17. She sent the e-mail first, the letter to come later.
18. I feel the earth moving; I think its an earthquake.
19. His work finished, he called me.
20. I heard my name called.
21. He ordered the cabman to drive on.
22. I really cannot allow this matter to go any further.
23. Do you wish me to be at home earlier?
24. They had believed me to be without any friends save them.
25. Old Joly on watching from his corner saw his brothers face change, and the
brooding worried look deepen on it. (J. Galsworthy)
26. A figure appeared in the distance before long and I soon knew it to be Emily.
(Dickens)

Exercise 2. Combine the two pairs of sentences so that the second one becomes the
object of the first one:
1. a. Teachers dont want it.
b. The children wont contradict them.
2. a. I want it.
b. You stop pestering me.
3. a. The doctor doesnt allow it.
b. John will not go outdoors to play in the snow.
4. a. The rule requires it.
b. A full stop is added at the end of a sentence.
46
5. a. Nobody wants it.
b. A new war wont break out.
6. a. The admiral ordered it.
b. All ships are ready to leave.

Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences into Romanian and analyse the structure
of the Complex Object with the introductory it:
1. They make it their aim to stop up the output.
2. The fog makes it difficult to find the path.
3. They found it hard to procede on their way.
4. I consider it a personal favour that you have accepted my invitation.
5. I take it that he gives his consent.
6. I made it clear that I was dissatisfied.
7. They consider it important to begin the talks at once.
8. I find it strange that he did not come.
9. I thought it necessary to wait a few days.
10. I call it goodluck to have you as my friend.
11. I leave it to you to decide.
12. I find it very dull to play cards.

Exercise 4. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use a Complex Object with
the introductory it:
1. I felt that it was my duty to be with them at that difficult moment.
2. He believed that it was necessary to take the risk.
3. Do you think that it is useless to wait any longer?
4. The party found that it was impossible to climb the mountain from the side
overlooking the sea.

Exercise 5. Translate the following sentences into English using a Complex Object
with the introductory pronoun it:
1. Cred c e pcat s nu profii de acest prilej.
2. Am gsit c este de datoria mea s fiu cu ei n asemenea clipe grele.
3. Sunt convins c e o greeal s ii suprarea atta vreme.
4. Considerm o mare cinste pentru noi ncredinarea unei asemenea
responsabiliti.
5. Nu crezi c-i o greeal s ateptm atta vreme?
6. Nu mi se pare nelept ca biatul s abandoneze coala.

Exercise 6. Paraphrase the following sentences using the Nominative + the Infinitive:
1. Everybody expected that she would win the first prize.
2. It appears that you are right.
3. It is believed that he escaped.
4. It happened that he remembered all the story.
5. We are certain that he did all by himself.
6. We know that John broke the world record.
7. It turned out that my friend had already been there.
8. It was said that you were fond of old movies.
9. It seems that she is a good journalist.
10. It happened that my brother wasnt at home then.
47

Exercise 7. Change these sentences using the Accusative + Infinitive construction:

1. They told the truth. 2. She answered immediately. 3. He gave me all the details.
4. Nelly bought the house. 5. She helped John to paint the room. 6. He lent me
some money. 7. They explained the problem. 8. The inhabitants left the region.
Exercise 8. Replace the underlined words by an Accusative + Infinitive construction:
1. Evidence showed that she was innocent.
2. Everybody knew that he was an excellent actor.
3. They declared that he is the best journalist.
4. The majority of critics thought that the film was extraordinary.
5. They consider that Peter lied in the Court.

Exercise 9. Rewrite the following sentences using an Accusative + Infinitive
construction. Make all the necessary changes:
1. We were forced to leave at once. 2. Paul was obliged to do that. 3. I was
compelled to give up the whole project. 4. I was seen to enter the house. 5. Alan
was forced to respect the agreement. 6. Peter was heard to leave the room. 7. I
was obliged to stay there. 8. He is considered to have been a hero.

Exercise 10. Turn the following sentences into the active voice, making all the
necessary changes:
1. She was told to keep silent.
2. He was made to work harder.
3. He will be asked to take all the necessary steps to prevent that.
4. Mike has often been seen to cross the park.
5. You will be made to change your mind.
6. He was ordered to accept the mission.
7. He was requested to put an end to his experiments.

Exercise 11. Pick out the Complex Objects:
1. We could hear her typing in the next room.
2. We saw him standing in the threshold of his house.
3. I saw him walking along the pass.
4. She felt tears coming to her eyes at the thought of parting.
5. She watched her mother preparing the tea-things.
6. He heard a car approaching from the right-hand side.
7. I like people laughing when I tell them jokes.
8. He still found himself struggling towards some solution of the problem.
9. He pushed back the table with a movement of anger which sent the account
sheets fluttering to the ground. (J. Galsworthy)
10. She heard her sister entering the hall.

Exercise 12. Use a Complex Object:
1. I heard (they, come) and (turn on) the lights.
2. I notice (you, write) something.
3. I saw (she, cross) the street.
4. They caught (he, steal).
5. I see (the children, play) in the garden.
48
6. She smelt (something, burn) in the oven.
7. I didnt notice (she, write) the letter.
8. Your enthusiasm makes (I, to feel) young again.
9. He heard (the footsteps, to die away).
10. I wont have (anybody, to think) ill of her.

BIBLIOGRAFIE:
i Enciclopedic.
Teora.
Bucureti: Teora.
Ed. Lucman.

TEST RECAPITULATIV:

a.
1. n toat viaa mea n-am auzit un cuvnt bun de la el.
2. N-am vizitat niciodat Londra.
3. Niciodat n viaa mea n-am vzut un asemenea lucru.
4. Aa-ziii mei prieteni nu-mi vor da niciodat un sfat bun.
5. Nu mai plou.
6. Nu poi dect s-l admiri dac ajungi s-l cunoti.
7. Poi s nu mergi dac spui c te doare capul.
8. Nu poi s mergi dac aa a spus tata.
9. Dup tot ce s-a ntmplat, nu te mai poi atepta s-i mprumute cineva o
carte, nu-i aa?
10. Situaia nu-mi convine ctui de puin.
11. N-am putut termina lucrarea sptmna asta i nici sptmna viitoare n-o s
am timp s-o termin.
12. Pentru nimic n lume n-ar tri pe spinarea lor.
13. Nu i-am pus la ndoial vorbele nici un moment.
14. Nu mai vorbesc cu el pn nu-mi cere scuze.
15. Nu numai c a ntrziat dar a i uitat cartea acas.
16. Mi-a scris c nici la munte nu s-a putut duce, nici de nvat n-a avut timp.
17. N-am putut s traduc aceast propoziie i vd c nici voi.
18. Nici dup trei zile de convorbiri cele dou pri nu au reuit s ajung la un
acord comun.
19. Nici unul dintre noi nu i-a dat seama c nu mai avem timp s ajungem la
gar.

b. 1. Octavian veni pe la cinci. Nu rspunse la nici una din ntrebrile Anei care
ncerca cu evident stngcie s-i abat gndurile n alt parte. Se dezbrc meticulos,
fr s arunce nici o privire spre Andrei. Andrei nu se putu opri s nu se gndeasc c
tatl su joac teatru. Cu o tresrire ciudat simi c nu-i mai pas de nimic. (Titus
Popovici)
2. Prefectul i ntinse mna scurt, sobru. Nu tia ce s fac; era att de zpcit i
avea impresia c toat lumea i d seama de asta. Toate legturile cu Bucuretiul
fuseser rupte i echipele trimise pe traseu n-au fcut nimic pn acum. Habar n-avea
ce msuri s ia. (Titus Popovici)

Exercise 2. Translate the following sentences into English without using negative
words:
1. Nu prea tiam unde m aflu. 2. Nu avem dect foarte puin timp la dispoziie. 3. Nu
este cu putin. 4. La serat ea aproape c nu a scos un cuvnt. 5. nchide ferestrele ca
s nu intre mutele. 6. Nu tiu ce s fac. 7. Arcaul nu lovi n int. 8. N-ai putea
ajunge la timp dect cu trenul de trei. 9. El este singurul care nu a fost de acord. 10.
Nu mai vorbii att de mult! 11. Nu am dect o sor. 12. Nu te superi dac deschid
puin geamul? 13. Nu-i trebuie dect un sfert de or ca s ajung la Universitate. 14.
E mult vreme de cnd nu l-am vzut. 15. Nu-mi place nici vinul nici berea. 16. Nici
50
unul din ei nu a reuit la examen. 17. N-ai putea termina la timp dect folosind acest
procedeu. 18. Nu mai facei atta zgomot! 19. M tem s nu vin. 20. Nu mai ninge.
21. Nici unul nu trebuie s accepte dac nu vrea. 22. Nimeni n-a spus nimic despre
asta nimnui. 23. Nu mai vorbesc cu tine dac nu-i ceri scuze. 24. N-am fost nici la
film nici la teatru. 25. Nu s-a plns niciodat de munca lui i nici nu cred c se va
plnge vreodat. 26. Nimeni nu era acolo i nu se ntmplase nimic deosebit.

Exercise 3. Add suitable question tags to the following statements:
1. You found the lost book, ...? 2. You don't think we have lost our way, ...? 3. That is
your book, ...? 4. Those are your books, ...? 5. They will never make it, ...? 6. Nothing
went wrong, ...? 7. Let's start earlier, ...? 8. Don't stay in the draught, ...? 9.
Everything went according to our plan, ...? 10. Everybody left early, ...? 11.
Everything seems to have gone wrong, ...? 12. Nobody liked the idea, ....? 13.
Anyone can go in for examination, ...? 14. There is a meeting tonight, ...? 15. She
hardly ever looks at me nowadays, ...? 16. No one thought of it before, ...? 17. Try
and get there in time, ...? 18. I'm supposed to be there tonight, ...? 19. Don't worry
about that, ...? 20. Switch off the television set, please, ...? 21. He used to write
poems, ...? 22. You have to finish before ten, ...?

Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into English. Pay attention to the place
of some prepositions in interrogative sentences in formal versus colloquial style:
a. 1. Ce-ai fcut toat dup-amiaza? 2. N-ai fi vrut s vii i tu cu noi? 3. Avei un foc?
4. Cui i-ai dat crile? 5. De unde vii? 6. Oare unde le pot gsi? 7. S le iau sau s nu
le iau? 8. Hai s facem o plimbare, vrei? 9. "Drag, nu vorbi aa. Te faci de rs."
"Zu?" 10. "N-o s-o fac aa cum trebuie." "Crezi?" 11. S-a i terminat lecia? 12.
Nu-i aa c am avut dreptate? 13. Cui aparin aceste versuri? 14. Cror studeni le-a
explicat aceste exerciii? 15. Cui mprumutase Jane dicionarul cnd i l-am cerut? 16.
Despre cine discut prietenii ti att de aprins? 17. n ce ncurctur ai intrat? 18. Cu
cine vorbeti ore n ir la telefon? 19. Cu ce tren vei pleca sptmna viitoare? 20.
Cu cine te-ai mprietenit n tabr i cui i vei scrie primul? 21. De la cine ai primit
scrisoarea mult ateptat? 22. De cine depinde aprobarea acestei cereri? 23. La ce or
s-a anunat decolarea avionului? 24. Pe care raft ai pus cartea? 25. Pe care dintre
studeni s-i trimitem la concursul naional de traduceri? 26. Pentru ce fel de oameni
te zbai tu s obii aprobarea? 27. Pentru ce a fcut logodnicul tu tot circul sta? 28.
Pentru cine ai cumprat jucriile acestea? 29. Din ce beau copiii ap? 30. La ce
concluzie ai ajuns dup ce ai citit romanul mpratul mutelor de William Golding?
31. De la cine ai cumprat telefonul? 32. Mergi la coal nu-i aa? 33. Eti att de
bun s-mi uzi florile ct sunt plecat? 34. N-ai mncat niciodat caviar, nu-i aa?

b.
1. "Asta-i tare curios!" zise el scuturnd din cap. "Acas n-a venit?" Vitoria nl
din umeri, jignit de ntrebare. "Poate-i la iernat cu oile." "De ce nu mi-a trimis
rva? De ce nu a venit nici un fel de tire?" strig cu nduf munteanca. "Eu de
unde pot ti?" (M. Sadoveanu)
2. i venea s se opreasc, s fptuiasc ceva nostim, n desvrit contradicie cu
situaia lui social. De pild, s sune la o intrare i s ntrebe dac nu st acolo
domnul Oreste P. - care nu st nicieri cci nu exist. La rspunsul negativ s se
retrag cu mirare i nedumerire: "Nu-i aici numrul 64?" "Ba da!" "Hm! Atunci,
cum se face?" (M. Sadoveanu)
51
3. Bunicul st pe prisp. Se gndete. La ce se gndete? La nimic. Numr florile
care cad... "Tat moule, zice fetia, de ce zboar psrile?" "Fiin'c au aripi,
rspunde btrnul." "Pi raele n-au aripi? De ce nu zboar?" "Zboar, zice
biatul, dar pe jos." (B. S. Delavrancea)
4. I-am srit de gt i l-am strns n brae ifonndu-i costumul de tweed cu carouri
i lsndu-l cu gura cscat. "Tu eti, Polifem?" i-am strigat, dup ce mi-am
desprins braele din jurul umerilor lui. "Unde ai fost atta vreme? Vai, ct te-am
cutat!" (Platon Pardu)

Exercise 5. Fill in the blancks with it or there. Mention the roles of it and there.
1. ....... is three miles to the station. 2. ......... is a long time since I gave up smoking. 3.
..... is time to finish the cleaning before we go. 4. ....... is no place like home. 5. Dont
eat that, ...... is a poisonous mushroom; .... are many of them in these parts. 6. ..... is a
shame that even today ...... are so many unkempt gardens around. 7. ...... is something
fishy going on there and ....... is your job to find out what. 8. ...... was a long time
before I got an answer. Then, one day a letter arrived well, ...... was not really a
letter, for ...... was only one sentence on the paper. 9. ..... was a hotel in the village so
we decided to stay there. ..... was a charming village and I was very happy there, but
my children were bored because ..... was nothing to do in the evenings.

Exercise 6. State whether the compound predicates in the following sentences are:
nominal, modal or aspectual:
1. Ive ceased going up there quite a long time ago.
2. You must not go there all by yourself at this time of night.
3. Now Ive got you here I dont feel so lonely any more.
4. You must have known that Jane had gone.
5. Have you seen the change in him, how thin he has become?
6. He stopped talking all of a sudden.
7. He began asking about my new colleagues, what they were like, what I
thought of them.

Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with one of the following link verbs - become, fall, get,
go, grow, keep, remain, run, turn:
1. The leaves ....... red in autumn.
2. The weather gradually ....... colder and colder.
3. Within a few years he ....... quite famous.
4. My shoe lace has ...... undone.
5. The label has ....... unstuck.
6. The bread ......... stale.
7. Hurry up! Its ...... late.
8. This small river ........ dry every summer.
9. They came back before it ......... dark.
10. When I entered they all ......... silent.
11. The ship ........ smaller and smaller in the distance.
12. I can stand the strain no longer, I ............ mad if it goes on like this.
13. At my cry he ........... as pale as death.
14. The milk ........... sour.
15. Her dreams have ............ true.
52
16. How did you ............ acquainted?
17. Many men ....... bald as they grow old.
18. The child is ......... thinner.
19. Fruit quickly ............... rotten in hot weather.
20. She ............. pale when she heard the bad news.
21. He always ......... angry when he doesnt find his glasses.
22. This man cant see; he ........ blind in a bomb explosion during the war.

Exercise 8. Use the proper form of the verb in brackets:
1. What (be) the news? 2. The police (be) investigating the crime. 3. The team
(consist) of six members. 4. The crew (be) standing in different parts of the ship. 5.
Two weeks study for this exam (be) not enough. 6. Each of them (come) here every
day. 7. Everybody (be) here. 8. The red and black blancket (be) washed today. 9.
Either they or I (be) going to help you. 10. I as well as my friends (be) ready to start.
11. Neither of you (be) right. 12. Neither my parents nor my brother (be) at home last
evening. 13. Larry and I (be) both here. 14. A glas of wine or a cup of coffee (be)
very enjoyable now. 15. A number of students (be) absent yesterday. 16. A variety of
questions (be) asked to him. 17. There (be) two black sheep in the field.

1. Vetile sunt proaste. 2. Cletele este n sertarul de sus al dulapului. 3. Familia mea
nu pleac n Fgra acum pentru c aici vremea este nc rece. 4. Guvernul se
ntrunete mine s discute msurile ce trebuie luate. 5. Echipa de fotbal a uzinei
joac cu colegii lor de la Galai. 6. Clasa noastr pregtete un spectacol folcloric. 7.
Informaiile lui sunt mai totdeauna greite. 8. Sfaturile prinilor se dovedesc deosebit
de valoroase. 9. Grupul de strini care ne-a vizitat de curnd coala ne felicit pentru
succesele noastre. 10. Marfa a sosit la timp n portul de destinaie. 11. Acustica
acestei sli este excelent. 12. Se pred statistica la colile economice. 13. Gimnastica
menine sntatea omului. 14. Atletismul este un sport larg practicat n ara noastr.
15. Coninutul romanului a fost ecranizat. 16. Forma este slab ns coninutul este
bun. 17. Sfatul meu este s te duci personal i s-i spui totul. 18. El crede c banii i
aparin numai lui. 19. Venitul lui a crescut necontenit n ultimii ani. 20. tirile au
sosit acum o or i informaiile pe care le cuprind sunt mbucurtoare. 21. Acest
mijloc de cercetare a luat extindere n ultimul timp. 22. Familia noastr este plecat n
perioada verii. 23. Comitetul de redactare a hotrt s publice lucrarea. 24. Jumtate
din orchestr este compus din noi absolveni. 25. Comitetul s-a ntrunit sptmna
trecut. 26. Vitele sunt sus pe dealuri. 27. Familia se trezete devreme. 28. Numai
dou ore de studiu nu sunt suficiente. 29. Pot s atept; patru sptmni nu este mult.
30. Numrul de seminarii pe care trebuie s le pregtii ntr-o sptmn este destul
de mare. 31. Numrul de cri pe care trebuie s le citim pentru examen este
considerabil. 32. Marea varietate a subiectelor prezentat ne-a pus n dificultatea de a
alege. 33. Doi tineri din Verona este o comedie de W. Shakespeare. 34. Banii sunt
pe mas. 35. Nici eu nici el n-am fost acolo. 36. Majoritatea copiilor au plecat n
excursie. 37. Cunotinele lui n acest domeniu sunt slabe. 38. Arhiva noastr e plin
cu asemenea documente. 39. Nu doar fraii lui, ci i el e bolnav de pojar. 40. Scara e
foarte alunecoas. 41. E careva acolo? E tata i mama. 42. Trei ori zece fac
treizeci. 43. Informaiile publicate n acest ziar nu sunt niciodat de ncredere.

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Exercise 10. Where possible, rewrite each of the following sentences into different
ways, using a different subject each time:
1. They offered me a new job.
2. Mrs. Bart showed John a picture of her husband.
3. They didnt guarantee every participant a free dinner.
4. The manager promised us a bonus for Christmas.
5. The referee declared the boxing match a draw.
6. The accident earned Pete the reputation of being irresponsible.
7. Shell give him all the support he needs.
8. He handed me the ticket.

Exercise 11. Change the active sentences into the passive:
1. They gazed at him. 2. I will speak of this subject later. 3. The employer insists
much on discipline. 4. They must deal with all these problems. 5. People laughed
at him. 6. Nobody has seen the statue yet. 7. Jean showed me the town. 8. People
always consult him. 9. Everybody will know the truth soon. 10. I will have read
the book by Monday. 11. I had advised him to accept. 12. I must buy the
dictionary. 13. You should finish the research paper.

Exercise 12. Turn the following active sentences into the passive:
1. I knew that Paul was a great painter.
2. People consider that Mary was wrong.
3. The children thought that the old man was there.
4. People think that he is a selfish man.
5. She acknowledged that her husband did everything.
6. We understood that she worked hard.
7. They knew that Mr. Smith died in the last war.

Exercise 13. Translate into English using passive constructions:
1. Copilul orfan era ngrijit de o mtu.
2. I s-a poruncit s nu deschid la nimeni.
3. Casa nu mai fusese locuit de douzeci de ani.
4. Am fost nvinuii c am ascuns adevrul.
5. Se tie c el a lucrat la proiectul muzeului.
6. A fost felicitat pentru ultimul su succes.
7. Se spune c locul e bntuit de stafii.
8. Se insist mult asupra preciziei n executarea unor asemenea lucrri.
9. Atunci se construia o nou arip a cldirii.
10. Mi s-a permis s vin mai trziu.
11. I s-a dat o nou ans.
12. Ni s-au promis noi fonduri pentru cercetare.

Exercise 14. Turn the following into the Passive Voice:
1. They saw him driving the car.
2. I heard the baby crying.
3. They caught him exceeding speed limit.
4. I found John checking the computer.
5. Jane left me waiting for two hours.
6. I heard the door being slammed.
54

Exercise 15. Translate into English using Complex Constructions:
1. Ei consider c Paul e un student bun. 2. Mi-ar plcea s mergi cu mine. 3.
Vreau s-i termini lucrarea de diplom la timp. 4. M-a fcut s atept mult. 5. Am
vzut-o plecnd devreme. 6. I-am auzit optind ceva. 7. L-am gsit n bibliotec
citind pentru examen. 8. Cine l-a vzut vreodat lucrnd? 9. A vrut doar ca eu s
aplic formula. 10. A vrea s-i ii promisiunea! 11. L-am prins furnd banii. 12. E
greu ca ei s vin pe o asemenea vreme. 13. i-a auzit numele menionat n
public. 14. Prietena mea a fost vzut lund avionul spre Paris. 15. Prea s fie
ncntat de propunere. 16. Visele ei fiind mplinite, era foarte fericit. 17. Te-a
deranjat faptul c el a dezvluit secretul? 18. Exerciiile fiind foarte dificile, a
renunat. 19. Bagajele fiind fcute, putem pleca. 20. Ceremonia ncheindu-se, s-au
aezat cu toii.

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