Website: www.pgpedu@ac.in
(MECHANICAL ENGINEERING)
PREPARED BY
: R.RAMESH B.E.,
Lecturer /EEE,
PGPPTC,
Namakkal.
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UNIT I
FUNDAMENTALS OF ENERGY
1. What is energy?
It is the Ability to do work.
2. What is primary energy?
Energy sources which provide a net supply of energy are called primary energy.
3. What are primary energy sources?
Coal, natural gas, oil & nuclear energy are primary energy sources.
4. List out any two conventional energy sources.
Fossil
fuel energy
Hydraulic
energy
Nuclear
energy
5. What are the common forms of energy?
Fossil fuel (coal, natural gas, oil), hydro-electric power, nuclear power, solar power, biomass
power, geo thermal energy, tidal energy, ocean thermal energy, etc
6. List out any two non-conventional energy sources.
Solar energy, tidal energy, wind energy
7. State any two merits of non-conventional energy sources.
Less
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gas
Petrol
Kerosene
Diesel
oil
Residual
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UNIT II
SOLAR ENERGY
1. Define solar energy.
Energy from the sun is called solar energy.
2. What is diffuse radiation?
Diffuse radiation is that solar radiation received from the sun its direction has been changed
by reflection & scattering by the atmosphere.
3. What is global radiation?
The sum of the direct beam radiation and diffuse radiation flux is referred to as total or global
radiation.
4. Mention any two instrument used for measurements of solar radiation.
Pyranometer
pyrheliometer
water heating.
6. What is the function of solar energy collectors?
A solar collector is a device for collecting solar radiation and transfer the energy to fluid
Passing in contact with it.
7. List any two types solar collectors.
Non
reflector type
Parabolic
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Cooking
time is more
It
has to cook accordingly to the sun shine
13. What are the components of solar water heater?
Solar
water tank
Pumps
& controller
14. What is the importance of solar cooker?
Solar cooking is simplest, safest, most convenient way to cook food without fuels.
15. What is solar pond?
Solar pond is a pool of salt water which acts as large scale solar thermal energy collector with
integral heat storage for supplying thermal energy.
16. Name three zones in solar pond.
Upper
convective zone
Non
convective zone
Lower
convective zone
17. List any two advantages of solar pond.
It
has very large heat collection area at low cost.
Heat
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Single
silicon cell
Ribbon
silicon cell
Amorphous
silicon cell
24. What are the different applications of solar photo voltaic system in rural area?
Lighting
lighting.
Mini
grids.
25. What is solar radiation?
Due its temperature, sun emits energy in the form of electromagnetic waves which is called
as radiation energy.
UNIT III
WIND ENERGY
1. What is wind energy?
Wind energy is type of energy derived from kinetic energy of air.
2. What is wind data?
For estimating the wind energy potential of a site, data collected from Site is known as wins
data.
3. State any two applications of wind energy
Grid-connected power generation
Water pumping
Telecommunications
Weather stations
Air-traffic control
4. List out any two advantages of wind energy.
Renewable
energy
Reduces
disturbances
Threat
to wildlife
Wind
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Wind rose is a map diagram that summarizes information about the wind at a particular
location over a specified time period
7. What is the use of wind rose?
Wind rose used by meteorologists gives the percentage of the time the wind blows from
each direction during the observation period
8. What is anemometer?
The instrument used to measure wind speed is called an anemometer
9. What is the use of anemometer?
It is used to measure the wind speed.
10. What are essential components of a wind electric generator?
Major components of wind electric generator are
Tower
Rotor
Gear
box
Generator
Safety systems
11. What is nacelle?
It is a cover to product wind turbine components on the tower.
12. Name the type of wind turbine.
1. Horizontal axis wind turbines
2. Vertical axis wind turbine
13. What are advantages of horizontal axis wind turbine?
The tall tower base allows access to stronger wind
High efficiency and increase in power output 34%
14. Name type of vertical axis wind turbine.
Darrieus wind turbine
Savonius wind turbine
15. What are advantages of vertical axis wind turbine?
No yaw mechanisms is needed
VAWTs may be built at locations where taller structures are prohibited
16. What are environmental impacts of wind turbine?
Bird deaths
Climate change
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Electric shock
Throwing ice in polar countries
Tower collapse
Affecting radar and radio signals
Public health issues
Blade failure
18. What are sources of risk in wind turbine operation?
Blade ejection
Tower collapse
Hazardous weather conditions
Oil spills
Ice shedding
19. Name safety devices used in wind turbine.
Vibration sensor
Electronic thermometers
Aerodynamic breaking system
Mechanical braking system
UNIT -IV
BIO ENERGY
1. What are the applications of Bio-Energy?
Converting biomass into liquid fuels for transportation.
Burning biomass directly, or converting it into a gaseous fuel or oil, to generate electricity.
Converting biomass into chemicals for making products that typically are made from
petroleum.
2. What is Bio-Mass?
Biomass is biological material derived from living, or recently living organisms.
3. Give examples for biomass.
Wood, waste, aquatic plants and crops are examples for biomass.
4. Define Photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide into organic Compounds
by means of sugars, using energy from sunlight.
5. What are Bio-Mass resources?
Pulp
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Saw
conversion
Biochemical
method
Thermo-chemical
method .
Electrochemical
method
8. What is pyrolysis?
Pyrolysis is a process of chemical decomposition of organic matter by means of heat.
9. What is biomass gasification?
It is a thermo chemical process which converts biomass materials into gaseous components.
10. What is biogas?
Biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen is known as Biogas.
11. Write the composition of biogas.
The compositions of biogas are follows,
Methane (CH4) :40-70%
Carbon dioxide (CO2):30-60%
Hydrogen (H2): 0-1%
Hydrogen sulfide(H2S):0-3%
12. What are types of biogas plants?
Floating-drum
plants
Fixed-dome
plants
13. List out two advantages of floating drum biogas plant.
Construction
is easy.
low
cost.
14. List out two advantages of fixed-dome biogas plants.
No
moving parts involved.
Low
initial cost.
Long life span.
15. State any two application of Bio-gas plant.
Applications of Bio-gas plant are follows,
Domestic
cooking.
RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES
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Drying
grains in agriculture.
16. What is biodiesel?
Biodiesel is a renewable fuel produced from vegetable oils and animal fat.
17. List out the advantages of biodiesel.
It
is a clean burning fuel.
It
is safe compared to other fossil fuel.
It does not emit toxic emissions.
18. What are biodiesel feedstocks?
Biodiesel is made from soya bean oil, Recycled cooking oil, Animal fats, other vegetable oils
like coconut oil etc
UNIT -V
OCEAN & GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
1. What are ocean energy resources?
Ocean energy resources includes
Tidal
Energy
Wave
Energy
Ocean
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Power
cost is high.
Limited availability of sites.
12. What is meant by wave machines?
The device which is used to convert wave energy into mechanical energy called wave
machines.
13. List out wave energy conversion device.
Oscillating
water column
Tapchan
Pendulor
running cost
Reduce
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Hydrothermal
Geopressured
Petro
thermal
17. What are types of Geo thermal power plants?
Dry
Seismology
Gravity
Resistivity
& Magnetotellurics
Magnetic
Geochemistry
pollution
Water
pollution
Physical
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