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52

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http://www.uadphilecon.gr/UA/content/gr/Article.aspx?office=16&folder=308&article=1165
3

Leonardo Benevolo (1997), , 5 . :



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:
Sybil: The two nations Disraeli (1845), South and North Elizabeth Gaskell (1848)
Hard Times Charles Dickens (1854)
he Condition of the Working Class in England (1844) Frederick Engels (1844) .


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19 20 ,
.

Manchester 1801




3.2

.
,
. :
The City (1925) Robert Park, Ernest Burgess R.D. McKenzie, The Urban Community
(1926) Ernest Burgess,
The Gold Coast and the Slum (1929) H. Zorbaugh
One Hundred Years of Land Values in Chicago (1933) H.Hoyt .

. ,
Burgess
Hoyt,
.
Mann (1965) 4.

. :

http://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories-Xorothetisis.pdf

10


Burgess

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
:http://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories
Xorothetisis.pdf

11

2
Hoyt

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
: http://www.urenio.org/el/wp-content/uploads/2008/10/21-Xoriki-diataxi-Theories
Xorothetisis.pdf

12

3
Mann

: Knowles Waring (1976:245) & http://www.answers.com/topic/mann-model


A.
B.
C. ( )
D.
1.
2.
3. C D,

4. 1918 1945
5.
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1920,
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Hoyt (. 1,2,3).

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1965 .
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Jean - Luc Pinol (2000) 19 , :

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(1781).
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20 . 1970

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:
Metropolis: From the division to Labour to Urban Form(1988) Allen Scott,
Postmodern Geographies: The Reassertion of Space in Critical Social Theory (1989) Ed
Soja
Thirdspace: Journeys to Los Angeles and other Real and Imagined Places (1996) Ed Soja,
City of Quartz : Excavating the future of Los Angeles (1990) Mike Davis
Postmodernism,or the Cultural logic of Late Capitalism (1992) Frederick Jameson.
The 100 Mille City (1993) Deyan Sudjic..
Tim Hall
.
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17

. ,
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Peirce Lewis 1983,

(Knox 1993) .7

:
urban realms model Hartshorn Muller (1989),
,
Soja (1989).
,
-, (edge
city), 8.
;

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, .. (Christoferson Storper 1986),
(Scott 1988) ,
, - (Soja
1995)9.
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7
8

Tim Hall, .., . 35-36


dem 1.4 .36 http://books.google.gr/books?id=_-tU7K-

aJEQC&pg=PA13&lpg=PA13&dq=Graham+and+Marvin+(1996:+334)+SOJA&source=bl&ots=pHzRPldLtf&sig=I4H9uR1OzFmWZm-7CRcOhUYeLM&hl=el&sa=X&ei=K2BDUeiNrSS7AayqIDACA&ved=0CCsQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=Graham%20and%20Marvin%20(1996%3A%20334)%20SOJA&f=false,
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.

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(edge cities)
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O Ed Soja (Soja 1995: 129-37).
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19

5. EDGE CITY
Joel Garreau, Edge City: Life on the New Frontier (1991).

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edge city ( )
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, pepperoni
pizza.
edge city, Joel Garreau :
465.000 ..
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Detroit 1920
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(automobileoriented). edge city Joel Garreau


Tysons Corner D.C.,
.
Miracle Mile,

: http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f4/Miraclemile1.jpg
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Tim Hall, .., . 46

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Tim Hall, .., . 47-49

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Edward Relph (1976) .
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Tim Hall, .., . 51-54

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2. 1980
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1.
2.
3.
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Tim Hall16
1970
1990. .
1973.

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1990.

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Knox (1991, 1993), Harvey .., Tim Hall, .., . 133-136

39

, ,
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Docklands East End .
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California Plaza

Battery Park

40

Docklands



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Le Corbusier Unit dhabitation.

41

unit dhabitation
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1989b, Crilley 1993, Knox 1993).
3.
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42

4.
Tim Hall,
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1960
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43

2. ,
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(McCracken 1988, Knox 1991: 183-6, 1993: 19-25, Jackson Holbrook
1995). ,
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5. A
1970 1980
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1980
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-



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1980 .

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1980
.
:

17

Tim Hall, .., . 136-138

44

.
Battery Park City ,
La Dfense
, .. , , , .
La Dfense

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.
. ,

, (Harvey 1989b).
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al. 1992: 250, Crilley 1993, Hubbard 1996). ,
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1992a),

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18.
. (festival retailing)
.
1980,


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1980
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/
.
. (Harvey 1989a).

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.
:
18

Tim Hall, .., . 139-142

46





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1980 199019.
.


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. 1980

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19

Tim Hall, .., . 143-144

47

, ,
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1980,
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1.

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3. .
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. Burgess Hoyt
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21

Tim Hall, .., . 145


Tim Hall, .., . 149

48

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22

Tim Hall, .., . 150-153

49

. (gentrification)
(gentrification)
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Tim Hall, , .., . 154-162

50

.
.

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(Whitehand 1994), (Knox 1991, 1992a,
1993), ,

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al. 1992).
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24

Tim Hall, .., . 162-164

52

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Tim Hall, .., . 165-167

54

2.

2.1.

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(Ward 1998).
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1994).
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55

(Ryan 1990, Teather 1991).



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.
1970,
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,
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Great British Cities Marketing) (.., Birminghams Marketing
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, .

(Urban Development Corporations) .
:
,
.
.
, ,
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, . ,
(inertia) ,

56

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1980
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58

2.3.
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2.4.
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2.5.

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26

Tim Hall, .., . 175-176

59


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Tim Hall, .., . 178-180

60


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,
, .
Syracuse, ,
. 1980
,
.

: http://www.syracuse.ny.us/City_Hall.aspx

28

Tim Hall, .., . 178-180

61

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29

Tim Hall, .., . 183-187

62

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63

Tim Hall,

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.

64

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