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Drop Panels
ACI 13.2.5 Drop Panel Requirements
ACI 13.3.7 When computing negative
moment flexural reinforcement in drop panel moment flexural reinforcement in drop panel
region, h
d
shall be taken greater than D/4,
where D is distance between drop panel edge
and column face or column capital.
D
Column Capital
ACI 13.1.2 effective dimension for column
capital capital.
Effective
Dimension
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Shear Caps
ACI 13.2.6 horizontal projection from column
face must be greater than or equal to vertical face must be greater than or equal to vertical
projection. Serve same purpose as column
capital and are easier to form.
Direct Design Method (DDM)
(ACI 13.6)
Limitations of the DDM ACI 13.6.1
1. A minimum of 3 continuous spans in each direction.
2. Rectangular panels L/S 2
L c/c spacing in long direction
S c/c spacing on short direction
3. Successive c/c span lengths should not differ by more than 1/3
the longer span.
4. Columns are not offset by more than 10% of the span in the
direction of offset.
5. All loads must be gravity loads only and uniformly distributed
th l S i LL 2 i DL over the panel. Service LL 2 service DL.
6. For a panel with beam supports on all sides, the relative
stiffness of the beams in the two perpendicular directions
given by (
f1
L
2
/
L
1
)/(
f2
L
1
/
L
2
) shall not be less than 0.2 or
greater than 5.
f
was defined previously and L
1
and L
2
are the
span lengths in the two directions.
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1
2
1_2 f
L
L

2
1
2_1 f
L
L

2
1
2_2 f
L
L

L
2
Panelwithbeamsonallsides
ACI defines span lengths as
L
1
= center to center span length
in direction that moments are
being determined.
L
2
= center-to-center span
l th i di ti
1
2
1_1 f
L
L

2
L
1
length in direction
perpendicular to L
1
.
Definition of L
1
and L
2
are not
unique, depends on equivalent
frame direction.
However, since limits of
(
f1
L
2
/
L
1
)/(
f2
L
1
/
L
2
) are inverses
of each other, requirement is
i fi d b ki / i
6.12
Panel1ofpreviousexample
satisfied by taking max/min or
min/max.
(e.g.) From previous example
panel 1, max limit = 11.07/4.94 =
2.24 < 5
11.07
7.46 4.94
Divide Slab into Frames
For Design Frame is divided into a series of
frames in North-South and East-West
directions East-West exterior and interior directions. East West exterior and interior
frame shown below.
L
2_2
(InteriorEWFrame)
L
2_2
/2
L
2
North
L
2_1
/2=L
2
L
2_1
(ExteriorEWFrame)
L
2_1
/2
L
1_1
L
1_2
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Total Statical Moment
(ACI 13.6.2)
Each span within the equivalent frame must resist a
total statical moment:
Where
q
u
= factored load per unit area
L
2
= transverse strip width
L
n
= clear span between columns, column capitals,
brackets, or walls. L
n
> 0.65(L
1
)
L1 = c/c span length in direction moments are being
8
L L q
M
2
n 2 u
0

L1 = c/c span length in direction moments are being
determined.
The total statical moment is distributed to positive and
negative regions based on relative rigidities within the
panels.
Equivalent Frame Longitudinal
Moments
M
o M
o 0.65M
o
0.35M
o
0 to
0.35to0.63M
o
InteriorSpan ExteriorSpan
0to
0.65M
o
0.65to0.75M
o
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ACI Moment Coefficients