ES-423 Lab Grading Sheet

LAB #01
Student Name: ----------------- Roll No: ---------------
Instructions
Print this grading sheet, write your name and roll number at the top, and give it to the
Instructor/lab Engineer during your lab check off. Include this as the cover page to your lab
report.
Instructor/Lab Engineer Grading Section
Check Off
During your in-lab check off, be prepared to show the instructor/lab Engineer the following:
The basic operation of a closed loop ON-OFF control of the Level.
To become familiar with the effects of Hysteresis on the control.
Date Instructor/Lab Engineer Score
Engr. Bilal Shahid

Reminder: This lab requires a Full Report
Worksheet Score
Instructor Report Score(0-15) Total Score(0-20)


Instructor/Lab Engineer comments
-------(of 5) Organization & Quality
-------(of 5) Completeness & Correctness of Figures
-------(of 5) Discussion Topics/ Q&A

The Islamia University of Bahawalpur
University College of Engineering & Technology
Department of Electronic Engineering
Industrial Electronics (ES-423)
LAB Session NO-: 01
Level Sensor
Objective:
To determine the characteristics of the LVDT as level sensor
Prerequisites:
Knowledge of the main physical laws
Definition of analog signal:
Operating principal of the differential transformer
Methodology:
Guided experience
Equipments:
DL 2314
Digital multimeter
Sets of leads

Theory:
The (linear variable differential transformer) is an electromechanical device that produces an
electrical output proportional to the displacement of a separate movable core. It consists of a
primary coil and two secondary coils symmetrically spaced on a cylindrical form. A free moving
rod-shaped magnetic core inside the coil assembly provides a path for the magnetic flux linking
the coils. When the primary coil is energized by an external ac source voltages are induced in
the two secondary coils. These are connected in series opposite so the two applied voltages are
opposite polarity.
The output of the transducer is the difference between these voltages ,which is zero when the
core is at the center or null position. When the core is moved from the null position, the
induced voltage in the coil toward which the core is moved increases, while the induced voltage
in the opposite coil decreases , this action produces a differential voltage output that varies
linearly with changes in core position. The phase of this output voltage changes abruptly by 180
degree as the core is moved from one side of null to the other.
In the typical LVDT level sensor, a stainless-steel float coupled to a nonmagnetic stainless-steel
rod is attached to the high-permeability armature core of the LVDT. The 4 to 20-mA loop-
powered LVDT position transmitter senses the position of the core and, thus, the level of the
float. Sensitivity to the change in level depends on the length of LVDT. The most common units
measure level changes from 0 to 2, 12, or 20 in. (50, 300, or 500 mm) with the shorter lengths
providing greatest sensitivity.
As water level changes, the float moves up or down, bringing the LVDT core with it. A threaded
stainless-steel rod protrudes from the other end of the core. It carries two jam nuts to adjust
the position sensor output at the desired low water level. The nuts also prevent the core from
falling out of the LVDT housing if the liquid level drops too low. LVDTs can measure liquid-level
changes from a few inches to several feet.


What the teacher does:
After checking the knowledge of prerequisites, he gives to the student sheet 1.1 which shows the
connection of the level sensor with the relevant interface and sets the process simulation panel as
follow:
DELEVERY VALVE fully open (turn the knob counter-clockwise)
MOTOR VALVE fully open (angular rotation=0)
SOL VALVE opens (ON) using the interface ON-OFF DRIVER
MAN VALVE fully open (turn the knob counter-clockwise)
DRAIN VALVE fully closed (turn the knob clockwise)
NEEDLE VALVE fully closed (turn the knob clockwise)
AIR VALVE fully open (turn the knob counter-clockwise)
Level of the water in the PROCESS TANK: 6cm
What the student do:
Connect, through leads, bush N1 of the level sensor to the bush N1 of the correspondent
interface and bush N2 to bush N2.
Insert the terminal of the digital voltmeter, set in dc, in Bush N 13 of the level interface
and the other one in the earth bush
Connect bush 18 of the LINEAR DRIVER to the Bush of SET POINT 1, bush N19 to
bush N 19 and bush N 20 to bush N20
Press the main switch (ON)
Start the pump regulating the voltage on SET POINT 1, and bring the level of water in
the PROCESS TANK to 8cm
Once reached the level, stop the pump setting to 0V and the voltage value of SET POINT
1
Gradually decrease the level of water in the tank by turning counter-clockwise the knob
NEEDLE VALVE and/or the knob DRAIN VALVE, back to 6cm
Verify that the voltage value, read on the voltmeter, correspond to 0V, and otherwise
regulate the OFFSET trimmer until you obtain the desired value. In this you have fixed
the minimum working point of the LEVEL SENSOR
Starting the pump, increase the level of water to 16cm
Stop the pump and verify the voltage value corresponds to 10V, otherwise regulate the
GAIN trimmer until you obtain the desired value.
Verify that the voltage and level values are correct by repeating the steps from N 7
Slowly drain the tank until you reach all the level values and write down, each level
value, the corresponding voltage value.
Put OFF the main switch
Remove all the connections
Circuit Diagram




Table:
Level(cm) 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6
Voltage(V)
Table1.1

Level (cm)



Voltage (V)

Fig: 1.1