QUADRATIC FUNCTIONS: EQUATION, PROPERTIES AND GRAPHS

A. Transforming the equation from vertex form to standard form.

Steps: 1. Determine the values of a, b and c from the form f(x)=ax
2
+bx + c.
2. Find the coordinates of the vertex (h,k).
a. Determine h by using the formula =

2
.
b. Find k by solving for f(h) or simply substituting the value of h to all the xs
in f(x).
3. Substitute the values of a, h and k in the formula for the vertex form () =
( )
2
+ then simplify.

B. Properties of the Quadratic Function
Equation in Vertex Form () = ( )
2
+ () = ( )
2
+
Opening Upward Downward
Vertex (h,k) (h,k)
Axis of Symmetry =

2
= =

2
=
Domain {| } {| }
Range {| } {| }
Minimum Point (h,k) none
Maximum Point none (h,k)
Minimum Value k none
Maximum value none k

C. Graphing Quadratic Functions
Steps:1. Construct a table of values for five values of x and y.



2. At the middle column write the value of h in the first row and the value of k in
the second row.



3. Write values for x based on the value of h. For values to the left of x,
successively subtract 1 from h. For values to the right of x, successively add 1 to
h.



4. Complete the values of y by evaluating the function with the values of x.



5. Plot the points on a Cartesian plane and connect it with a curve to form a
parabola.






x
y = f(x)
x h
y = f(x) k
x h-2 h-1 h h+1 h+2
y = f(x) k
x h-2 h-1 h h+1 h+2
y = f(x) f(h-2) f(h-1) k f(h+1) f(h+2)
Example: Given () = 2
2
8 + 7, complete the table of properties, construct a table of
values and graph the parabola.













Solution:
Transforming into vertex form:
() = 2
2
8 + 7
= 2 = 8 = 7
=

2

=
(8)
2(2)

=
8
4

=





(0) = 2(0)
2
8(0) +7 =
(1) = 2(1)
2
8(1) +7 = 2 8 + 7 =
(3) = 2(3)
2
8(3) +7 = 2(9) 24 + 7 = 18 17 =
(4) = 2(4)
2
8(4) +7 = 2(16) 32 +7 = 32 25 =



Group Task:
Make your own example of a
quadratic function in standard form
then complete the table of properties
and graph on a Cartesian plane. Use
the example as a pattern. Write the
answers on a manila paper then
present it to the class.
Equation in Vertex
Form

Opening
Vertex
Axis of Symmetry
Domain
Range
Minimum Point
Maximum Point
Minimum Value
Maximum value
x
f(x)
Equation in Vertex
Form
() = (
)

+
Opening Upward
Vertex (2,-1)
Axis of Symmetry x = 2
Domain {| }
Range {| 1}
Minimum Point (2,-1)
Maximum Point None
Minimum Value -1
Maximum value none
x 0 1 2 3 4
f(x) 7 1 -1 1 7
= (2)
= 2(2)
2
8(2) +7
= 2(4) 16 + 7
= 8 9
=

() = ( )
2
+
() = ( )

vertex form