Chap.

I,
PLANE
TRIGONOMETRY.
SOI
Asain in ilie triangle BPC, ii.iht-aii^!t.-.l at P.
As the side BC
=174-07 - Log.
2-4-10724
Tosineopp. /P
=000 00' -
10-000000
SoissideBP
=l;i8--ll
- 2-141 13G
Tosineopp ^BCP
=52^40' -
9-900412
Wl.icli taken fnnn 90 00
Leaves the ZB 37 20
Also theanjjle ACP
= 62 56
Added to the angle BCP = 52 40
Gives the whole angle ACB =115 3H
So that the three angles are as foll.nv, viz. Z A 27
4'
;
Z. B 37^
2^ ;
Z C
115" .%'.
I05.3. Theorkm IV.
If
the trianyle ht rhjld-anijLcl, any unhnuwn part may he found by ihA
fhllowing proportion :

As radius
Is to either leg of the triangle.
So is tangent ol its adjacent angle
To the other leg ;
And so is secant of the same angle
To the hypothenuse.
For AB being the given leg in the right-angled triangle ABC, from the
^.
centre A with any assumed radius AD describe an arc DE, and draw a
DF perpendicidar to AB, or parallel to BC. Now, from the definitions,
/
i
DF is the tangent and AF the secant of the arc DE, or of the angle X, ^/ I
which is measured by that arc to the radius AD. Then, because of the E/ : I
parallels BC, DF, we have AD : AB::DF : BC, and ::AF : AC, which
/'-^
is. the same as the theorem expresses in words.
Z. L_ I
Note. Radius is equal to the sine of 90 ,
or the tangent of 45, and is ^
OB
ex])ressed by 1 in a table of natural sines, or by 10 in logarithmic sines.
Fig. 40.j.
Example 1. Li the right-angled triangle ABC,
Let tlic leg AB =162
Z A
=53 7'
4S"
As radius
= tang.
45 - Log. 10-000000
To leg AB =162 -
- 2-209515
So tang. ZA
=53 7' 48"
- 10-124937
To leg BC
=216 -
- 2-334452
So secant Z A
=.-53 7' 48" - 10.221848
To hypothenuse AC =270 -
- 2-481363
Note. There is another mode for right-angled triangles, which is as follows :

.ABC being such a triangle, make a leg .\ B radius; or, in other words, from the centra.
.A w.thdi'-tance AB describe an arc B F. It is evident that the other
C
le"- BC will veiiresent the tangent and the hypothenuse .\C the se-
cant of the arc BF or of the angle A.
In like manner, if BC be taken for radius, the other leg AB repre-
sents the tangent, and the hypothenuse AC the secant of the arc BCJ
or anule C.
If the hypothenuse be made radius, then each leg will represent
the sine of its opposite angle; natnely, the leg .\B the sine of the
are -A E or angle C, and the leg BC the sine of the arc CD or
Fig. iu,>.
angle A.
Then the general rule for all such cases is, that the sides of the triangle bear to each
other the same jjroportion as the parts which they represent. Tlii.s niethyd is called
making every side radius.
1()t4. If two sides of a right-angled triangle are given to find the third side, that may be
found Iv,' the ]n-operty of the s(]uares of the sides (Geom. Pro|). :<2.
;
viz. That the scjuare
of the hypothenuse or longest side is equal to both the scpiares of the two other sides
together). Thus, if the longest side be sought, it is ecjiial to the square root of the sum of
the .^quares of the two shorter sides; and to find one of the shorter sides, subtract cue
square from the other, and extract the square root of the remainder.
1055. The ai)plication of the foregoing theorems in the cases of measuring heights and
distmces will be obvious. It is, however, to he observed, that wlure we have to find the
lenuth of inaccessible lines, we must employ a line or base which can be measured, aiul. by
means of angles, which will be furnished by the use of instruments, calculate the lengths of
tlu otlier lines.