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IV B.Tech. I Semester Regular Examinations, December 2013
ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
(Electrical and Electronics Engineering)
Time: 3 Hours Max Marks: 75
Answer any FIVE Questions
All Questions carry equal marks
*******

1. a) Define the following
i) Coincidence factor
ii) Contribution factor
iii) Loss factor
b) The power supply has the following loads.

Type of
Load
Maximum demand (kW) Diversity of group
Demand
group
Domestic 1500 1.2 0.8
Commercial 2000 1.1 0.8
Industrial 10000 1.25 0.9

If the overall diversity factor is 1.35, determine maximum demand and connected load
for each of above loads. [7+8]

2. a) How is the voltage level for distribution system decided? Give an example.
b) Explain the voltage choice and feeder design for secondary distribution system and LT
systems. [8+7]

3. a) Derive the percentage V.D for hexagonal type distribution area with substation located at
the centre.
b) How to choose the optimal location for distribution substation? [8+7]

Code No: R4102A
Set No. 1
R10
1 of 2
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4. a) What are the advantages for adopting 3-phase, 4-line distribution for LT supplies and 3-
phase, 3-line for high voltage distribution?
b) 11 kV single line feeder has the loads as shown in below Fig.. Estimate the voltage
drop, power loss and kVA supplied from the source end.
Section OA: (4+j2), Section AB: (5+j3), Section BC: (5+j3) and Section CD:
(10+j5) [7+8]

5. What are the different types of faults that can occur on distribution network? Explain them
with line diagram. [15]

6. a) Explain the general coordination procedure of protective devices.
b) Describe the fuse-reclosure coordination and fuse-to-fuse coordination with neat
diagram and characteristics. [8+7]

7. a) Discuss the need for P.F improvement in distribution system.
b) A manufacturing plant takes 250kW load at 0.7 power factor from a 3-phase, 750V,
50 Hz system. If the power factor of the entire system is raised to 0.95 by means of
synchronous motor, which is also used to drive the DC generator requiring that the
synchronous motor takes 75kW from the line. What should be the rating of synchro-
nous motor in volt-ampere? Assuming the star connected system. [7+8]

8. What are the different methods for voltage control? Explain them with neat sketch. [15]

Code No: R4102A
Set No. 1
R10
2 of 2
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*******
1. a) Derive the relation between load factor and loss factor with a simplified approach.
b) The annual peak load input to a primary feeder is 1300 kW. The voltage drop and losses
shows that the total loss at the time of peak load is 120 kW. The total annual energy
supplied to the sending end of the feeder is 5.810
6
kWh.
i). Determine the annual loss factor
ii).Calculate the total annual energy loss and the annual cost if the unit charge is Rs.5.0.
[7+8]
2. a) What are the factors that affect the choice of primary feeders? Discuss briefly.
b) Explain the design considerations for secondary distribution system design. [7+8]

3. a) Describe the importance of distribution substation with example
b) An industrial area near a city was found to have a load density 0.5 MVA/km
2
. The total
area was to be located between the rectangular strip 8km 4km. Determine suitable
number of 33/11 kV substations and their capacity. [7+8]

4. a) Explain the differences between a 3-phase balanced and non 3-phase primary line
systems.
b) Find the out put power of a 3-, 400 V LV side of distribution transformer shown
in below fig. [7+8]

100+j20 /ph 100+j20 /ph 50+j10 m/ph
Tr
50A, 0.9 lag 40A, 0.5 lag
30A, UPF
R
Q
P
Code No: R4102A
Set No. 2
R10
1 of 2
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5. a) What are the different protection devices used in the distribution system? Give
comparison between them.
b) The p.u positive, negative and zero sequence impedance of distribution network are
0.08, 0.07 and 0.05 p.u respectively. Determine the fault current for
(i) L-G and (ii) L-L faults. [7+8]

6. a) What is the need for coordination of protective devices? List out different coordination
arrangements with relevant characteristics.
b) Explain the principle of a sectionalizer. How is it coordinated with a fuse? [7+8]

7. a) What is the justification for P.F improvement and what are the benefits.
b) A synchronous motor having a power consumption of 75kW is connected in parallel
with a load of 300 kW at a p.f. of 0.7 lag. The excitation of the motor is adjusted until
combined p.f. becomes 0.95 lag. Calculate the kVA input and power factor of the motor
at which it is working. [7+8]

8. a) Explain in detail about the effect of series capacitor for voltage control.
b)What is line drop compensation? How is it used along with tap changer of transformer
for voltage control? [7+8]

Code No: R4102A
Set No. 2
R10
2 of 2
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*******
1. a) What is loss factor? How is it related to load factor with different load conditions.
b) A generating station supplies four feeders with the maximum demands of 16 MW; 10
MW; 12 MW and 7 MW. The overall maximum demand on the station is 20 MW and
the annual load factor is 45%. Find the diversity factor and the number of units
generated annually. [7+8]

2. a) Give the standard voltage levels adopted for distribution system in India. What are the
reasons for the choice?
b) Explain basic design practice of the secondary distribution system with neat diagram
and necessary expressions. [7+8]

3. a) What are the factors to be considered for location of substations?
b) Explain the benefits derived through optimal location of substation. [7+8]

4. a)Why the voltage drop is considered as importantfactor in distribution systems? How
is it computed when line parameters and load density of an area are given?
b) For the distribution system shown in below fig., the supply voltage are feeding end is
2450V, determine the voltage drop. Line impedance is (0.1+j0.02)/100m. [7+8]

5. a) What are the objectives of distribution systems protection.
b) How is the equivalent impedance computed for a L-L and L-G fault occurring on
distribution line with source impedance (Z
S
), distribution line, transformer and a fault
impedance of Z
f
? [7+8]

Code No: R4102A
Set No. 3
R10
1 of 2
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6. a) Explain the residual current circuit breaker with neat diagram.
b) Describe the fuse-fuse coordination and fuse circuit breaker coordination with neat
diagram and characteristics. [7+8]
7. a) What is series capacitor compensation in feeder lines? How does it improve the
regulation of the line?
b)A 3 phases, 400 H.P, 50 Hz, 11 kV star connected induction motor has a full load
efficiency of 80% at lagging p.f. of 0.7 and is connected to a feeder. If it is desired to
correct the p.f of load to 0.95 lagging. Determine the
i)The size of the capacitor back in kVAr
ii)The capacitance of each unit if the capacitors are connected in as well as in Y .
[7+8]
8. a) Describe the need for voltage control and list out various equipments for voltage control
b) Explain the basic function of booster transformer with neat sketch. Discuss how it
increases the line voltage. [7+8]

Code No: R4102A
Set No. 3
R10
2 of 2
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*******
1. a) Explain what is meant by
i) Load factor ii) Diversity factor iii) Contribution factor.
Discuss the characteristics with different loads.
b) A feeder supplies 2 MW to an area. The total losses at peak are 100kW and units
supplied to that area during a year are 5.6 x 10
6
units. Calculate the loss factor. [8+7]

2. a)What are the differences between primary and secondary distribution systems?
b) How is the design of distribution system done? Discuss the factors that contribute for
design. [7+8]

3. a) How do you design the rating of distribution substation?
b) Derive the percentage of voltage drop of square type distribution area with substation
located at the centre. [7+8]

4. Derive the voltage drop and power loss of non-three phase systems and compare with 3-
phase balanced system. [15]

5. a) Briefly explain the procedure for fault severity calculation with necessary equations.
b) Explain the principle of operation of circuit breaker and line sectionalizes. [7+8]

6. a) What is meant by coordination of protective devices? How is it needful?
b) Explain the coordination between a fuse and a circuit breaker with neat characteristics.
[7+8]

7. a) Discuss how voltage profile of a long feeder can be improved by connecting shunt
capacitor banks at the end of the feeders.
b) A 40 kW induction motor has power factor 0.95 and efficiency 0.85 at full1oad, power
factor 0.7 and efficiency 0.65 at half-load. At no-load, the current is 20% of the full-load
current and power factor 0.2. Capacitors are supplied to make the line power factor 0.9 at
half-load. With these capacitors in circuit, find the line power factor at (i) full load and
(ii) no-load. [7+8]

8. Discuss in detail about the various methods of voltage control with neat diagrams. [15]
Code No: R4102A
Set No. 4
R10
1 of 1

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