Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 1

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

THE STATE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT ALBANY, NY 12234

Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ CHEMISTRY
2011 Edition
Table A
Standard Temperature and Pressure
Table B
Physical Constants for Water
Table C
Selected Prefixes
Table D
Selected Units
Name Value Unit
Standard Pressure 101.3 kPa kilopascal
1 atm atmosphere
Standard Temperature 273 K kelvin
0C degree Celsius
Heat of Fusion 334 J/g
Heat of Vaporization 2260 J/g
Specific Heat Capacity of H
2
O() 4.18 J/gK
Factor Prefix Symbol
10
3
kilo- k
10
1
deci- d
10
2
centi- c
10
3
milli- m
10
6
micro-
10
9
nano- n
10
12
pico- p
Symbol Name Quantity
m meter length
g gram mass
Pa pascal pressure
K kelvin temperature
mol mole
amount of
substance
J joule
energy, work,
quantity of heat
s second time
min minute time
h hour time
d day time
y year time
L liter volume
ppm parts per million concentration
M molarity
solution
concentration
u atomic mass unit atomic mass
C
Ions That Form
Soluble Compounds Exceptions
Group 1 ions
(Li
+
, Na
+
, etc.)
ammonium (NH
4
+
)
nitrate (NO
3

)
acetate (C
2
H
3
O
2

or
CH
3
COO

)
hydrogen carbonate
(HCO
3

)
chlorate (ClO
3

)
halides (Cl

, Br

, I

) when combined with

Ag
+
, Pb
2+
, or Hg
2
2+
sulfates (SO
4
2
) when combined with Ag
+
,
Ca
2+
, Sr
2+
, Ba
2+
, or Pb
2+
Ions That Form
Insoluble Compounds* Exceptions
carbonate (CO
3
2
) when combined with Group 1
ions or ammonium (NH
4
+
)
chromate (CrO
4
2
) when combined with Group 1
ions, Ca
2+
, Mg
2+
, or
ammonium (NH
4
+
)
phosphate (PO
4
3
) when combined with Group 1
ions or ammonium (NH
4
+
)
sulfide (S
2
) when combined with Group 1
ions or ammonium (NH
4
+
)
hydroxide (OH

) when combined with Group 1

ions, Ca
2+
, Ba
2+
, Sr
2+
, or
ammonium (NH
4
+
)
*compounds having very low solubility in H
2
O
Formula Name Formula Name
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 2
Table F
Solubility Guidelines for Aqueous Solutions
Table E
Selected Polyatomic Ions
H
3
O
+
hydronium
Hg
2
2+
mercury(I)
NH
4
+
ammonium
C
2
H
3
O
2

acetate
CH
3
COO
}
CN

cyanide
CO
3
2
carbonate
HCO
3

hydrogen
carbonate
C
2
O
4
2
oxalate
ClO

hypochlorite
ClO
2

chlorite
ClO
3

chlorate
ClO
4

perchlorate
CrO
4
2
chromate
Cr
2
O
7
2
dichromate
MnO
4

permanganate
NO
2

nitrite
NO
3

nitrate
O
2
2
peroxide
OH

hydroxide
PO
4
3
phosphate
SCN

thiocyanate
SO
3
2
sulfite
SO
4
2
sulfate
HSO
4

hydrogen sulfate
S
2
O
3
2
thiosulfate
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 3
0 10. 20. 30. 40. 50. 60. 70. 80. 90. 100.
Temperature (C)

S
o
l
u
b
i
l
i
t
y

(
g

s
o
l
u
t
e
/
1
0
0
.

g

H
2
O
)
150.
140.
130.
120.
110.
100.
90.
80.
70.
60.
50.
40.
30.
20.
10.
0
KI
NaNO
3
KNO
3
NH
4
Cl
HCl
KCl
NaCl
KClO
3
NH
3
SO
2
Table G
Solubility Curves at Standard Pressure
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 4
Table H
Vapor Pressure of Four Liquids
0 25 50. 75 100. 125
200.
150.
100.
50.
0
V
a
p
o
r

P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e

(
k
P
a
)
101.3 kPa
propanone
ethanol
water
ethanoic
acid
Li
Rb
K
Cs
Ba
Sr
Ca
Na
Mg
Al
Ti
Mn
Zn
Cr
Fe
Co
Ni
Sn
Pb
H
2
Cu
Ag
Au
F
2
Cl
2
Br
2
I
2
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 5
Table I
Heats of Reaction at 101.3 kPa and 298 K
Table J
Activity Series**
Reaction H (kJ)*
CH
4
(g) + 2O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) + 2H
2
O() 890.4
C
3
H
8
(g) + 5O
2
(g) 3CO
2
(g) + 4H
2
O() 2219.2
2C
8
H
18
() + 25O
2
(g) 16CO
2
(g) + 18H
2
O() 10943
2CH
3
OH() + 3O
2
(g) 2CO
2
(g) + 4H
2
O() 1452
C
2
H
5
OH() + 3O
2
(g) 2CO
2
(g) + 3H
2
O() 1367
C
6
H
12
O
6
(s) + 6O
2
(g) 6CO
2
(g) + 6H
2
O() 2804
2CO(g) + O
2
(g) 2CO
2
(g) 566.0
C(s) + O
2
(g) CO
2
(g) 393.5
4Al(s) + 3O
2
(g) 2Al
2
O
3
(s) 3351
N
2
(g) + O
2
(g) 2NO(g) +182.6
N
2
(g) + 2O
2
(g) 2NO
2
(g) +66.4
2H
2
(g) + O
2
(g) 2H
2
O(g) 483.6
2H
2
(g) + O
2
(g) 2H
2
O() 571.6
N
2
(g) + 3H
2
(g) 2NH
3
(g) 91.8
2C(s) + 3H
2
(g) C
2
H
6
(g) 84.0
2C(s) + 2H
2
(g) C
2
H
4
(g) +52.4
2C(s) + H
2
(g) C
2
H
2
(g) +227.4
H
2
(g) + I
2
(g) 2HI(g) +53.0
KNO
3
(s)
H
2
O
K
+
(aq) + NO
3

(aq) +34.89
NaOH(s)
H
2
O
Na
+
(aq) + OH

(aq) 44.51
NH
4
Cl(s)
H
2
O
NH
4
+
(aq) + Cl

(aq) +14.78
NH
4
NO
3
(s)
H
2
O
NH
4
+
(aq) + NO
3

(aq) +25.69
NaCl(s)
H
2
O
Na
+
(aq) + Cl

(aq) +3.88
LiBr(s)
H
2
O
Li
+
(aq) + Br

(aq) 48.83
H
+
(aq) + OH

(aq) H
2
O() 55.8
*The H values are based on molar quantities represented in the equations.
A minus sign indicates an exothermic reaction.
Metals Nonmetals Most
Active
Most
Active
Least
Active
Least
Active
**Activity Series is based on the hydrogen
standard. H
2
is not a metal.
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 6
Table K
Common Acids
Table L
Common Bases
Table N
Selected Radioisotopes
Table M
Common AcidBase Indicators
Formula Name
HCl(aq) hydrochloric acid
HNO
2
(aq) nitrous acid
HNO
3
(aq) nitric acid
H
2
SO
3
(aq) sulfurous acid
H
2
SO
4
(aq) sulfuric acid
H
3
PO
4
(aq) phosphoric acid
H
2
CO
3
(aq)
or carbonic acid
CO
2
(aq)
CH
3
COOH(aq)
ethanoic acid
or
HC
2
H
3
O
2
(aq)
(acetic acid)
Formula Name
NaOH(aq) sodium hydroxide
KOH(aq) potassium hydroxide
Ca(OH)
2
(aq) calcium hydroxide
NH
3
(aq) aqueous ammonia
Approximate
Indicator pH Range Color
for Color Change
Change
methyl orange 3.14.4 red to yellow
bromthymol blue 6.07.6 yellow to blue
phenolphthalein 89 colorless to pink
litmus 4.58.3 red to blue
bromcresol green 3.85.4 yellow to blue
thymol blue 8.09.6 yellow to blue
Nuclide Half-Life Decay Nuclide
Mode Name
198
Au 2.695 d

gold-198
14
C 5715 y

carbon-14
37
Ca 182 ms
+
calcium-37
60
Co 5.271 y

cobalt-60
137
Cs 30.2 y

cesium-137
53
Fe 8.51 min
+
iron-53
220
Fr 27.4 s francium-220
3
H 12.31 y

hydrogen-3
131
I 8.021 d

iodine-131
37
K 1.23 s
+
potassium-37
42
K 12.36 h

potassium-42
85
Kr 10.73 y

krypton-85
16
N 7.13 s

nitrogen-16
19
Ne 17.22 s
+
neon-19
32
P 14.28 d

phosphorus-32
239
Pu 2.410 10
4
y plutonium-239
226
Ra 1599 y radium-226
222
Rn 3.823 d radon-222
90
Sr 29.1 y

strontium-90
99
Tc 2.13 10
5
y

technetium-99
232
Th 1.40 10
10
y thorium-232
233
U 1.592 10
5
y uranium-233
235
U 7.04 10
8
y uranium-235
238
U 4.47 10
9
y uranium-238
Source: CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 91
st
ed., 20102011,
CRC Press
Source: The Merck Index, 14
th
ed., 2006, Merck Publishing Group
Name
General
Examples
Formula
Name Structural Formula
alkanes C
n
H
2n+2
ethane
alkenes C
n
H
2n
ethene
alkynes C
n
H
2n2
ethyne
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 7
Table O
Symbols Used in Nuclear Chemistry
Table P
Organic Prefixes
Table Q
Homologous Series of Hydrocarbons
Name Notation Symbol
alpha particle
4
2
He or
4
2

beta particle
0
1
e or
0
1

gamma radiation
0
0

neutron
1
0
n n
proton
1
1
H or
1
1
p p
positron
0
+1
e or
0
+1

+
Prefix Number of
Carbon Atoms
meth- 1
eth- 2
prop- 3
but- 4
pent- 5
hex- 6
hept- 7
oct- 8
non- 9
dec- 10
H
H H
H
H H
C C
C C H H
H
C C
H H
H
Note: n = number of carbon atoms
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 8
O
R C H
O
R C O R
O
CH
3
CCH
2
CH
2
CH
3
2-pentanone
O
R C R
O
C H
Table R
Organic Functional Groups
Class of
Compound
Functional
Group
General
Formula
Example
halide
(halocarbon)
alcohol
ether
aldehyde
F (fluoro-)
Cl (chloro-)
Br (bromo-)
I (iodo-)
OH
R X
(X represents
any halogen)
R OH
R O R
CH
3
CHClCH
3
2-chloropropane
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
OH
1-propanol
CH
3
OCH
2
CH
3
methyl ethyl ether
amide
O
O
C OH
O
C O
O
C NH
N
O
C
O
CH
3
CH
2
C H
propanal
O R
R C NH
R
R N R
O
R C OH
ketone
organic acid
ester
amine
O
CH
3
CH
2
C OH
propanoic acid
O
CH
3
CH
2
COCH
3
methyl propanoate
CH
3
CH
2
CH
2
NH
2
1-propanamine
O
CH
3
CH
2
C NH
2
propanamide
Note: R represents a bonded atom or group of atoms.
9
S
b
P
b
7
9
N
b
+
3
8
9
3
9
R
b
2
-
8
-
8
-
1
1
9
C
s
N
a
L
i
(
2
2
3
)F
r
8
7
-
1
8
-
3
2
-
1
8
-
8
-
1
+
1
R
a
8
8
-
1
8
-
3
2
-
1
8
-
8
-
2
+
2
(
2
2
7
)
A
c
-
1
8
-
3
2
-
1
8
-
9
-
2 +
3
(
2
6
1
)
R
f
1
0
4
1
3
8
.
9
0
5
5
L
a
5
7
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
1
8
-
9
-
2 +
3
1
7
8
.
4
9
H
f
7
2
*
1
8
-
3
2
-
1
0
-
2
+
4
9
1
.
2
2
4
Z
r
4
0
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
1
0
-
2
+
4
4
7
.
8
6
7
T
i
2
2
2
-
8
-
1
0
-
2
+
2
+
3
+
4
5
0
.
9
4
1
5
V
2
3
2
-
8
-
1
1
-
2
+
2
+
3
+
4
5
1
.
9
9
6
C
r
2
4
2
-
8
-
1
3
-
1
+
2
+
3
+
6
9
5
.
9
4
M
o
4
2
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
1
3
-
1
+
6
1
8
3
.
8
4
W
7
4
-
1
8
-
3
2
-
1
2
-
2
+
6
5
4
.
9
3
8
0
M
n
2
5
2
-
8
-
1
3
-
2
+
2
+
3
+
4
+
7
5
5
.
8
4
5
F
e
2
6
2
-
8
-
1
4
-
2
+
2
+
3
5
8
.
9
3
3
2
C
o
2
7
2
-
8
-
1
5
-
2
+
2
+
3
5
8
.
6
9
3
N
i
2
8
2
-
8
-
1
6
-
2
+
2
+
3
6
3
.
5
4
6
C
u
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
1
+
1
+
2
1
0
7
.
8
6
8
A
g
4
7
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
1
8
-
1
+
1
6
5
.
4
0
9
Z
n
3
0
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
2
+
2
6
9
.
7
2
3
G
a
3
1
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
3
+
3
2
6
.
9
8
1
5
4
A
l
1
3
2
-
8
-
3
+
3
1
0
.
8
1
B
52
-
3
+
3
1
2
.
0
1
1C
62
-
4

4
+
2
+
4
1
5
.
9
9
9
4
O
82
-
6

2
1
8
.
9
9
8
4
F
2
-
7

1
2
0
.
1
8
0
N
e
1
0
2
-
8
0
4
.
0
0
2
6
0
H
e
22
0
2
8
.
0
8
5
5
S
i
1
4
2
-
8
-
4

4
+
2
+
4
7
2
.
6
4
G
e
3
2
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
4
+
2
+
4
7
4
.
9
2
1
6
A
s
3
3
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
5

3
+
3
7
8
.
9
6
S
e
3
4
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
6

2
+
4
+
6
1
2
7
.
6
0
T
e
5
2
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
1
8
-
6

2
+
4
+
6
1
2
6
.
9
0
4l
5
3
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
1
8
-
7

1
+
1
+
5
+
7
1
3
1
.
2
9
X
e
5
4
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
1
8
-
8
0
+
2
+
4
+
6
(
2
0
9
)
P
o
8
4
-
1
8
-
3
2
-
1
8
-
6
+
2
+
4
(
2
1
0
)A
t
8
5
-
1
8
-
3
2
-
1
8
-
7
7
9
.
9
0
4
B
r
3
5
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
7

1
+
1
+
5
8
3
.
7
9
8
K
r
3
6
2
-
8
-
1
8
-
8
0
+
2
(
2
2
2
)
R
n
8
6
-
1
8
-
3
2
-
1
8
-
8
0
1
7
4
.
9
6
6
8
L
u
7
1
+
3
1
7
3
.
0
4
Y
b
7
0
+
2
+
3
1
6
8
.
9
3
4
T
m
+
3
1
6
7
.
2
5
9
E
r
6
8
+
3
1
6
4
.
9
3
0
H
o
6
7
+
3
1
6
2
.
5
0
0
D
y
6
6
+
3
1
5
8
.
9
2
5
6
5
+
3
1
5
7
.
2
5
G
d
6
4
+
3
1
5
1
.
9
6
4
E
u
6
3
+
2
+
3
1
5
0
.
3
6
S
m
6
2
+
2
+
3
(
1
4
5
)
P
m
6
1
+
3
1
4
4
.
2
4
N
d
6
0
+
3
1
4
0
.
9
0
8
P
r
+
3
1
4
0
.
1
1
6
C
e
5
8
+
3
+
4
2
3
2
.
0
3
8
T
h
+
4
2
3
1
.
0
3
6
P
a
+
4
2
3
8
.
0
2
9
U
+
3
+
4
+
5
+
6
(
2
3
7
)
N
p
(
2
4
4
)
P
u
(
2
4
3
)
A
m
(
2
4
7
)
C
m
+
3
(
2
4
7
)
B
k
+
3
+
4
(
2
5
1
)
C
f
+
3
(
2
5
2
)
E
s
(
2
5
7
)
F
m
1
0
0
(
2
5
8
)
M
d
1
0
1
(
2
5
9
)
N
o
1
0
2
(
2
6
2
)L
r
1
0
3
3
0
.
9
7
3
7
6
P
1
5
2
-
8
-
5

3
+
3
+
5
3
2
.
0
6
5S
1
6
2
-
8
-
6

2
+
4
+
6
3
9
.
9
4
8
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Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 9
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 10
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y
)
9
4
1
2
.
6
4
9
4
9
5
8
4
.
8
0
9
1
1
8
3
5
B
r
b
r
o
m
i
n
e
1
1
4
0
.
3
.
0
2
6
6
3
3
2
3
.
1
0
2
8
1
1
7
3
6
K
r
k
r
y
p
t
o
n
1
3
5
1

1
1
6
1
2
0
.
0
.
0
0
3
4
2
5
1
1
6
3
7
R
b
r
u
b
i
d
i
u
m
4
0
3
0
.
8
3
1
2
9
6
1
1
.
5
3
2
1
5
3
8
S
r
s
t
r
o
n
t
i
u
m
5
4
9
1
.
0
1
0
5
0
.
1
6
5
5
2
.
6
4
1
9
0
.
3
9
Y
y
t
t
r
i
u
m
6
0
0
.
1
.
2
1
7
9
5
3
6
1
8
4
.
4
7
1
7
6
4
0
Z
r
z
i
r
c
o
n
i
u
m
6
4
0
.
1
.
3
2
1
2
8
4
6
8
2
6
.
5
2
1
6
4
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 11
F
i
r
s
t
A
t
o
m
i
c

S
y
m
b
o
l
N
a
m
e
I
o
n
i
z
a
t
i
o
n

E
l
e
c
t
r
o
-
M
e
l
t
i
n
g
B
o
i
l
i
n
g
*
D
e
n
s
i
t
y
*
*
A
t
o
m
i
c

N
u
m
b
e
r
E
n
e
r
g
y
n
e
g
a
t
i
v
i
t
y
P
o
i
n
t
P
o
i
n
t
(
g
/
c
m
3
)
R
a
d
i
u
s

(
k
J
/
m
o
l
)
(
K
)
(
K
)
(
p
m
)
4
1
N
b
n
i
o
b
i
u
m
6
5
2
1
.
6
2
7
5
0
.
5
0
1
7
8
.
5
7
1
5
6
4
2
M
o
m
o
l
y
b
d
e
n
u
m
6
8
4
2
.
2
2
8
9
6
4
9
1
2
1
0
.
2
1
4
6
4
3
T
c
t
e
c
h
n
e
t
i
u
m
7
0
2
2
.
1
2
4
3
0
.
4
5
3
8
1
1
1
3
8
4
4
R
u
r
u
t
h
e
n
i
u
m
7
1
0
.
2
.
2
2
6
0
6
4
4
2
3
1
2
.
1
1
3
6
4
5
R
h
r
h
o
d
i
u
m
7
2
0
.
2
.
3
2
2
3
7
3
9
6
8
1
2
.
4
1
3
4
4
6
P
d
p
a
l
l
a
d
i
u
m
8
0
4
2
.
2
1
8
2
8
3
2
3
6
1
2
.
0
1
3
0
.
4
7
A
g
s
i
l
v
e
r
7
3
1
1
.
9
1
2
3
5
2
4
3
5
1
0
.
5
1
3
6
4
8
C
d
c
a
d
m
i
u
m
8
6
8
1
.
7
5
9
4
1
0
4
0
.
8
.
6
9
1
4
0
.
4
9
I
n
i
n
d
i
u
m
5
5
8
1
.
8
4
3
0
.
2
3
4
5
7
.
3
1
1
4
2
5
0
S
n
t
i
n

(
w
h
i
t
e
)
7
0
9
2
.
0
5
0
5
2
8
7
5
7
.
2
8
7
1
4
0
.
5
1
S
b
a
n
t
i
m
o
n
y

(
g
r
a
y
)
8
3
1
2
.
1
9
0
4
1
8
6
0
.
6
.
6
8
1
4
0
.
5
2
T
e
t
e
l
l
u
r
i
u
m
8
6
9
2
.
1
7
2
3
1
2
6
1
6
.
2
3
2
1
3
7
5
3
I
i
o
d
i
n
e
1
0
0
8
2
.
7
3
8
7
4
5
7
4
.
9
3
3
1
3
6
5
4
X
e
x
e
n
o
n
1
1
7
0
.
2
.
6
1
6
1
1
6
5
0
.
0
0
5
3
6
6
1
3
6
5
5
C
s
c
e
s
i
u
m
3
7
6
0
.
8
3
0
2
9
4
4
1
.
8
7
3
2
3
8
5
6
B
a
b
a
r
i
u
m
5
0
3
0
.
9
1
0
0
0
.
2
1
7
0
.
3
.
6
2
2
0
6
5
7
L
a
l
a
n
t
h
a
n
u
m
5
3
8
1
.
1
1
1
9
3
3
7
3
7
6
.
1
5
1
9
4
E
l
e
m
e
n
t
s

5
8

7
1

h
a
v
e

b
e
e
n

o
m
i
t
t
e
d
.
7
2
H
f
h
a
f
n
i
u
m
6
5
9
1
.
3
2
5
0
6
4
8
7
6
1
3
.
3
1
6
4
7
3
T
a
t
a
n
t
a
l
u
m
7
2
8
1
.
5
3
2
9
0
.
5
7
3
1
1
6
.
4
1
5
8
7
4
W
t
u
n
g
s
t
e
n
7
5
9
1
.
7
3
6
9
5
5
8
2
8
1
9
.
3
1
5
0
.
7
5
R
e
r
h
e
n
i
u
m
7
5
6
1
.
9
3
4
5
8
5
8
6
9
2
0
.
8
1
4
1
7
6
O
s
o
s
m
i
u
m
8
1
4
2
.
2
3
3
0
6
5
2
8
5
2
2
.
5
8
7
1
3
6
7
7
I
r
i
r
i
d
i
u
m
8
6
5
2
.
2
2
7
1
9
4
7
0
1
2
2
.
5
6
2
1
3
2
7
8
P
t
p
l
a
t
i
n
u
m
8
6
4
2
.
2
2
0
4
1
4
0
9
8
2
1
.
5
1
3
0
.
7
9
A
u
g
o
l
d
8
9
0
.
2
.
4
1
3
3
7
3
1
2
9
1
9
.
3
1
3
0
.
8
0
H
g
m
e
r
c
u
r
y
1
0
0
7
1
.
9
2
3
4
6
3
0
.
1
3
.
5
3
3
6
1
3
2
8
1
T
l
t
h
a
l
l
i
u
m
5
8
9
1
.
8
5
7
7
1
7
4
6
1
1
.
8
1
4
4
8
2
P
b
l
e
a
d
7
1
6
1
.
8
6
0
0
.
2
0
2
2
1
1
.
3
1
4
5
8
3
B
i
b
i
s
m
u
t
h
7
0
3
1
.
9
5
4
4
1
8
3
7
9
.
7
9
1
5
0
.
8
4
P
o
p
o
l
o
n
i
u
m
8
1
2
2
.
0
5
2
7
1
2
3
5
9
.
2
0
1
4
2
8
5
A
t
a
s
t
a
t
i
n
e

2
.
2
5
7
5

1
4
8
8
6
R
n
r
a
d
o
n
1
0
3
7

2
0
2
2
1
1
0
.
0
0
9
0
7
4
1
4
6
8
7
F
r
f
r
a
n
c
i
u
m
3
9
3
0
.
7
3
0
0
.

2
4
2
8
8
R
a
r
a
d
i
u
m
5
0
9
0
.
9
9
6
9

5
2
1
1
8
9
A
c
a
c
t
i
n
i
u
m
4
9
9
1
.
1
1
3
2
3
3
4
7
1
1
0
.
2
0
1
E
l
e
m
e
n
t
s

9
0

a
n
d

a
b
o
v
e

h
a
v
e

b
e
e
n

o
m
i
t
t
e
d
.
*
b
o
i
l
i
n
g

p
o
i
n
t

a
t

s
t
a
n
d
a
r
d

p
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
*
*
d
e
n
s
i
t
y

o
f

s
o
l
i
d
s

a
n
d

l
i
q
u
i
d
s

a
t

r
o
o
m

t
e
m
p
e
r
a
t
u
r
e

a
n
d

d
e
n
s
i
t
y

o
f

g
a
s
e
s

a
t

2
9
8

K

a
n
d

1
0
1
.
3

k
P
a

n
o

d
a
t
a

a
v
a
i
l
a
b
l
e
S
o
u
r
c
e
:

C
R
C

H
a
n
d
b
o
o
k

f
o
r

C
h
e
m
i
s
t
r
y

a
n
d

P
h
y
s
i
c
s
,

9
1
s
t
e
d
.
,

2
0
1
0

2
0
1
1
,

C
R
C

P
r
e
s
s
Reference Tables for Physical Setting/ Chemistry 2011 Edition 12
Table T
Important Formulas and Equations
DET 609 ADU
d = density
Density d = m= mass
V = volume
Mole Calculations number of moles =
Percent Error % error = 100
Percent Composition % composition by mass = 100
parts per million = 1000000
Concentration
molarity =
P = pressure
Combined Gas Law = V = volume
T = temperature
M
A
= molarity of H
+
M
B
= molarity of OH

Titration M
A
V
A
= M
B
V
B
V
A
= volume of acid V
B
= volume of base
q = mCT q = heat H
f
= heat of fusion
Heat q = mH
f
m = mass H
v
= heat of vaporization
q = mH
v
C = specific heat capacity
T = change in temperature
Temperature
K = C + 273 K = kelvin
C = degree Celsius
P
2
V
2
T
2
P
1
V
1
T
1
moles of solute
liter of solution
mass of solute
mass of solution
mass of part
mass of whole
measured value accepted value
accepted value
given mass
gram-formula mass
m
V