S1LLL DLSIGN

DLSIGN SLCIIICA1ICNS
1hey represenL Lhe guldellnes and crlLerla LhaL enable a
sLrucLural englneer Lo achleve Lhe ob[ecuves mandaLed
by a bulldlng code.

ueslgn speclcauons represenL whaL ls consldered Lo
be good englneerlng pracuce based on Lhe laLesL
research.
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1. nA1lCnAL S18uC1u8AL CCuL Cl 1PL PlLllnLS 2010
2. AML8lCAn lnS1l1u1L Cl S1LLL CCnS18uC1lCn (AlSC)
3. AML8lCAn l8Cn Anu S1LLL lnS1l1u1L (AlSl)
S1kUC1UkAL S1LLL
1he earllesL use of lron, Lhe chlef componenL of sLeel,
was for small Lools, ln approxlmaLely 4000 8.C.

SLeel, an alloy of prlmarlly lron and carbon, wlLh fewer
lmpurlues and less carbon Lhan casL lron, was rsL used
ln heavy consLrucuon ln Lhe nlneLeenLh cenLury.
AlLhough Lhe cross secuon ls reduced durlng loadlng,
Lhe orlglnal cross-secuonal area ls used Lo compuLe all
sLresses. SLresses compuLed ln Lhls way ls known as
englneerlng sLress. lf Lhe orlglnal lengLh ls used Lo
compuLe Lhe sLraln, lL ls called englneerlng sLraln.
uucullLy can be measured by Lhe elongauon, dene as:
)/&"%)0&/ !+1&!!2!+1")- (314&
+5$)("% !+1&!!2!+1")- (314&
67)87 !+1&-8+7 !+&&%9
lor Plgh SLrengLh SLeel, Lhe yleld sLrengLh ls dened as
Lhe sLress aL Lhe polnL of unloadlng LhaL corresponds Lo a
permanenL sLraln of some arblLrarlly dened amounL. A
sLraln of 0.002 ls usually selecLed, and Lhls meLhod of
deLermlnlng Lhe yleld sLrengLh ls called Lhe !"#$ &'()*
+)*,&-.
1he varlous properues of sLrucLural sLeel, lncludlng
sLrengLh and ducullLy, are deLermlned by lLs chemlcal
composluon.
SLrucLural sLeels can be grouped accordlng Lo Lhelr
composluon as follows:
1. |a|n carbon stee|s: mosLly lron and carbon, wlLh less
Lhan 1 carbon.
2. Low-a||oy stee|s: lron and carbon plus oLher
componenLs (usually less Lhan 3). 1he addluonal
componenLs are prlmarlly for lncreaslng sLrengLh,
whlch ls accompllshed aL Lhe expense of a reducuon
ln ducullLy.
3. n|gh-a||oy or spec|a|ty stee|s: slmllar ln composluon
Lo Lhe low-alloy sLeels buL wlLh a hlgher percenLage
of componenLs added Lo lron and carbon. 1hese
sLeels are hlgher ln sLrengLh Lhan Lhe plaln carbon
sLeels and also have some speclal quallLy, such as
reslsLance Lo corroslon.
1he mosL commonly used sLrucLural sLeels ls a mlld sLeel
deslgnaLed as AS1M A36, or A36 for shorL.

?leld SLress: l
y
= 36,000psl (36ksl)
1enslle SLrengLh: l
u
= 38,000psl - 80,000psl (38ksl - 80ksl)
S1ANDAkD CkCSS-SLC1ICNAL SnALS
AnoLher caLegory of sLeel producLs for sLrucLural appllcauons
ls cold-formed sLeel.

SLrucLural shapes of Lhls Lype are creaLed by bendlng Lhln
maLerlal such as sheeL sLeel or plaLe lnLo Lhe deslred shape
wlLhouL heaung.