Nodia and Company: Gate Solved Paper Electronics & Communication Engineering Mathematics

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GATE SOLVED PAPER
Electronics & Communication
Engineering Mathematics
Copyright By NODIA & COMPANY
Information contained in this book has been obtained by authors, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither Nodia nor its authors guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein, and Nodia nor its
authors shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of use of this information. This book
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to render engineering or other professional services.
NODI A AND COMPANY
B-8, Dhanshree Tower Ist, Central Spine, Vidyadhar Nagar, Jaipur 302039
Ph : +91 - 141 - 2101150
www.nodia.co.in
email : enquiry@nodia.co.in
GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC
ENGI NEERI NG MATHEMATI CS

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2013 ONE MARK
Q. 1 The maximum value of q until which the approximation sin . q q holds to within
10% error is
(A) 10c (B) 18c
(C) 50c (D) 90c
Q. 2 The minimum eigen value of the following matrix is
3
5
2
5
12
7
2
7
5
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
Q. 3 A polynomial ( ) f x a x a x a x a x a
4
4
3
3
2
2
1 0
= + + + - with all coefficients positive has
(A) no real roots
(B) no negative real root
(C) odd number of real roots
(D) at least one positive and one negative real root
2013 TWO MARKS
Q. 4 Let A be an m n
#
matrix and B an n m
#
matrix. It is given that determinant
I AB
m
+ = ^ h determinant I BA
n
+ ^ h, where I
k
is the k k
#
identity matrix. Using
the above property, the determinant of the matrix given below is
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
(A) 2 (B) 5
(C) 8 (D) 16
2012 ONE MARK
Q. 5 With initial condition ( ) . x 1 0 5 = , the solution of the differential equation
t
dt
dx
x t + = , is
(A) x t
2
1
= - (B) x t
2
1 2
= -
(C) x
t
2
2
= (D) x
t
2
=

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GATE SOLVED PAPER - EC ENGI NEERI NG MATHEMATI CS
Q. 6 Given ( ) f z
z z 1
1
3
2
=
+
-
+
.
If C is a counter clockwise path in the z-plane such that z 1 1 + = , the value of
( )
j
f z dz
2
1
C
p
#
is
(A) 2 - (B) 1 -
(C) 1 (D) 2
Q. 7 If , x 1 = - then the value of x
x
is
(A) e
/2 p -
(B) e
/2 p
(C) x (D) 1
2012 TWO MARKS
Q. 8 Consider the differential equation

( ) ( )
( )
dt
d y t
dt
dy t
y t 2
2
2
+ + ( ) t d = with ( ) 2 0 and y t
dt
dy
t
t
0
0
=- =
=
=
-
-
The numerical value of
dt
dy
t 0 =
+
is
(A) 2 - (B) 1 -
(C) 0 (D) 1
Q. 9 The direction of vector A is radially outward from the origin, with kr A
n
= .
where r x y z
2 2 2 2
= + + and k is a constant. The value of n for which A 0 : d = is
(A) 2 - (B) 2
(C) 1 (D) 0
Q. 10 A fair coin is tossed till a head appears for the first time. The probability that the
number of required tosses is odd, is
(A) / 1 3 (B) / 1 2
(C) / 2 3 (D) / 3 4
Q. 11 The maximum value of ( ) f x x x x 9 24 5
3 2
= - + + in the interval [ , ] 1 6 is
(A) 21 (B) 25
(C) 41 (D) 46
Q. 12 Given that
and A I
5
2
3
0
1
0
0
1
=
- -
= > > H H, the value of A
3
is
(A) 15 12 A I + (B) 19 30 A I +
(C) 17 15 A I + (D) 17 21 A I +
2011 ONE MARK
Q. 13 Consider a closed surface S surrounding volume V . If r
v
is the position vector of a
point inside S, with n
t
the unit normal on S, the value of the integral r ndS 5
S
$
v t
##
is
(A) V 3 (B) V 5
(C) V 10 (D) V 15

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Q. 14 The solution of the differential equation , (0)
dx
dy
ky y c = = is
(A) x ce
ky
=
-
(B) x ke
cy
=
(C) y ce
kx
= (D) y ce
kx
=
-
Q. 15 The value of the integral
( ) z z
z
dz
4 5
3 4
c
2
+ +
- +
# where c is the circle z 1 = is given
by
(A) 0 (B) 1/10
(C) 4/5 (D) 1
2011 TWO MARKS
Q. 16 A numerical solution of the equation ( ) f x x 3 0 + - = can be obtained using
Newton- Raphson method. If the starting value is x 2 = for the iteration, the
value of x that is to be used in the next step is
(A) 0.306 (B) 0.739
(C) 1.694 (D) 2.306
Q. 17 The system of equations
4 6 20
4
x y z
x y y
x y z
6
m l
+ + =
+ + =
+ + =
has NO solution for values of l and given by
(A) 6, 20 m l = = (B) 6, 20 m l = =Y
(C) 6, 20 m l = = Y (D) 6, 20 m l = = Y
Q. 18 A fair dice is tossed two times. The probability that the second toss results in a
value that is higher than the first toss is
(A) 2/36 (B) 2/6
(C) 5/12 (D) 1/2
2010 ONE MARKS
Q. 19 The eigen values of a skew-symmetric matrix are
(A) always zero (B) always pure imaginary
(C) either zero or pure imaginary (D) always real
Q. 20 The trigonometric Fourier series for the waveform ( ) f t shown below contains
(A) only cosine terms and zero values for the dc components

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(B) only cosine terms and a positive value for the dc components
(C) only cosine terms and a negative value for the dc components
(D) only sine terms and a negative value for the dc components
Q. 21 A function ( ) n x satisfied the differential equation
( ) ( )
dx
d n x
L
n x
0
2
2
2
- =
where L is a constant. The boundary conditions are : (0) n K = and ( ) n 0 3 = .
The solution to this equation is
(A) ( ) ( / ) exp n x K x L = (B) ( ) ( / ) exp n x K x L = -
(C) ( ) ( / ) exp n x K x L
2
= - (D) ( ) ( / ) exp n x K x L = -
2010 TWO MARKS
Q. 22 If e x
/ y x 1
= , then y has a
(A) maximum at x e = (B) minimum at x e =
(C) maximum at x e
1
=
-
(D) minimum at x e
1
=
-
Q. 23 A fair coin is tossed independently four times. The probability of the event the
number of time heads shown up is more than the number of times tail shown up
(A) 1/16 (B) 1/3
(C) 1/4 (D) 5/16
Q. 24 If A xya x a
x y
2
= +
v
t t
, then A dl
C
$
v v
# over the path shown in the figure is
(A) 0 (B)
3
2
(C) 1 (D) 2 3
Q. 25 The residues of a complex function
( )
( )( )
x z
z z z
z
1 2
1 2
=
- -
-
at its poles are
(A) ,
2
1
2
1
- and 1 (B) ,
2
1
2
1
- and 1 -
(C) , 1
2
1
and
2
3
- (D) ,
2
1
1 - and
2
3
Q. 26 Consider differential equation
( )
( )
dx
dy x
y x x - = , with the initial
condition ( ) y 0 0 = . Using Eulers first order method with a step size of 0.1, the
value of ( . ) y 0 3 is
(A) 0.01 (B) 0.031
(C) 0.0631 (D) 0.1

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Q. 27 Given ( )
( )
f t L
s s k s
s
4 3
3 1 1
3 2
=
+ + -
+ -
; E
. If ( ) 1 limf t
t
=
"3
, then the value
of k is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
2009 ONE MARK
Q. 28 The order of the differential equation
dt
d y
dt
dy
y e
t
2
2 3
4
+ + =
-
c m
is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4
Q. 29 A fair coin is tossed 10 times. What is the probability that only the first two
tosses will yield heads?
(A)
2
1
2
c m
(B) C
2
1 10
2
2
b l
(C)
2
1
10
c m
(D) C
2
1 10
2
10
b l
Q. 30 If ( ) f z c c z
0 1
1
= +
-
, then
( )
z
f z
dz
1
unit circle
+
#
is given by
(A) c 2
1
p (B) ( ) c 2 1
0
p +
(C) jc 2
1
p (D) ( ) c 2 1
0
p +
2009 TWO MARKS
Q. 31 The Taylor series expansion of
sin
x
x
p -
at x p = is given by
(A)
!
( )
...
x
1
3
2
p
+
-
+ (B)
!
( )
...
x
1
3
2
p
- -
-
+
(C)
!
( )
...
x
1
3
2
p
-
-
+ (D)
!
( )
...
x
1
3
2
p
- +
-
+
Q. 32 Match each differential equation in Group I to its family of solution curves from
Group II
Group I Group II
A.
dx
dy
x
y
= 1. Circles
B.
dx
dy
x
y
=- 2. Straight lines
C.
dx
dy
y
x
= 3. Hyperbolas
D.
dx
dy
y
x
=-
(A) A 2, B 3, C 3, D 1 - - - -
(B) A 1, B 3, C 2, D 1 - - - -
(C) A 2, B 1, C 3, D 3 - - - -
(D) A 3, B 2, C 1, D 2 - - - -

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Q. 33 The Eigen values of following matrix are

1
3
0
3
1
0
5
6
3
-
- -
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
(A) 3, 3 5 , 6 j j + - (B) 6 5 , 3 , 3 j j j - + + -
(C) 3 , 3 , 5 j j j + - + (D) 3, 1 3 , 1 3 j j - + - -
2008 ONE MARKS
Q. 34 All the four entries of the 2 2 # matrix P
p
p
p
p
11
21
12
22
== G are nonzero,
and one of its eigenvalue is zero. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) p p p p 1
11 12 12 21
- = (B) p p p p 1
11 22 12 21
- =-
(C) p p p p 0
11 22 12 21
- = (D) p p p p 0
11 22 12 21
+ =
Q. 35 The system of linear equations
x y 4 2 + 7 = x y 2 + 6 = has
(A) a unique solution
(B) no solution
(C) an infinite number of solutions
(D) exactly two distinct solutions
Q. 36 The equation ( ) sin z 10 = has
(A) no real or complex solution
(B) exactly two distinct complex solutions
(C) a unique solution
(D) an infinite number of complex solutions
Q. 37 For real values of x, the minimum value of the function
( ) ( ) ( ) exp exp f x x x = + - is
(A) 2 (B) 1
(C) 0.5 (D) 0
Q. 38 Which of the following functions would have only odd powers of x in its Taylor
series expansion about the point x 0 = ?
(A) ( ) sin x
3
(B) ( ) sin x
2
(C) ( ) cos x
3
(D) ( ) cos x
2
Q. 39 Which of the following is a solution to the differential equation
( )
( )
dt
dx t
x t 3 0 + = ?
(A) ( ) x t e 3
t
=
-
(B) ( ) x t e 2
t 3
=
-
(C) ( ) x t t
2
3 2
=- (D) ( ) x t t 3
2
=
2008 TWO MARKS
Q. 40 The recursion relation to solve x e
x
=
-
using Newton - Raphson method is
(A) x e
n
x
1
n
=
+
-
(B) x x e
n n
x
1
n
= -
+
-
(C) (1 ) x x
e
e
1
n n x
x
1
n
n
= +
+
+ -
-
(D)
( )
x
x e
x e x 1 1
n
n
x
n
x
n
1
2
n
n
=
-
- - -
+ -
-

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Q. 41 The residue of the function ( ) f z
( ) ( ) z z 2 2
1
2 2
=
+ -
at z 2 = is
(A)
32
1
- (B)
16
1
-
(C)
16
1
(D)
32
1
Q. 42 Consider the matrix P
0
2
1
3
=
- -
= G. The value of e
p
is
(A)
e e
e e
e e
e e
2 3
2 2 5
2 1
2 1
1 2
2 1
-
-
-
-
- -
- -
- -
- -
> H
(B)
e e
e e
e e
e e 2 4
2
3 2
1 1
1 2
2 1
1 2
+
-
-
+
- -
-
- -
- -
> H
(C)
e e
e e
e e
e
5
2 6
3
4 6
2 1
2 1
1 2
2 1
-
-
-
+
- -
- -
- -
- -
> H
(D)
e e
e e
e e
e e
2
2 2 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
-
- +
-
- +
- -
- -
- -
- -
> H
Q. 43 In the Taylor series expansion of ( ) ( ) exp sin x x + about the point x p = , the
coefficient of ( ) x
2
p - is
(A) ( ) exp p (B) . ( ) exp 0 5 p
(C) ( ) exp 1 p + (D) ( ) exp 1 p -
Q. 44 The value of the integral of the function ( , ) g x y x y 4 10
3 4
= + along the straight
line segment from the point ( , ) 0 0 to the point ( , ) 1 2 in the x y - plane is
(A) 33
(B) 35
(C) 40
(D) 56
Q. 45 Consider points P and Q in the x y - plane, with ( , ) P 1 0 = and ( , ) Q 0 1 = . The
line integral 2 ( ) xdx ydy
P
Q
+
#
along the semicircle with the line segment PQ as
its diameter
(A) is 1 -
(B) is 0
(C) is 1
(D) depends on the direction (clockwise or anit-clockwise) of the semicircle
2007 ONE MARK
Q. 46 The following plot shows a function which varies linearly with x. The value of the
integral I ydx
1
2
=
#
is

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(A) 1.0 (B) 2.5
(C) 4.0 (D) 5.0
Q. 47 For x 1 << , coth ( ) x can be approximated as
(A) x (B) x
2
(C)
x
1
(D)
x
1
2
Q. 48 lim
sin
2
0 q
q
" q
b l
is
(A) 0.5 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) not defined
Q. 49 Which one of following functions is strictly bounded?
(A) /x 1
2
(B) e
x
(C) x
2
(D) e
x
2
-
Q. 50 For the function e
x -
, the linear approximation around x 2 = is
(A) ( ) x e 3
2
-
-
(B) x 1 -
(C) ( )x e 3 3 2 1 2
2
+ - -
-
6 @
(D) e
2 -
2007 TWO MARKS
Q. 51 The solution of the differential equation k
dx
d y
y y
2
2
2
2
= - under the boundary
conditions
(i) y y
1
= at x 0 = and
(ii) y y
2
= at x 3 = , where , k y
1
and y
2
are constants, is
(A) ( )exp y y y
k
x
y
1 2
2
2
= - - +
a k
(B) ( )exp y y y
k
x
y
2 1 1
= - - +
a k
(C) sinh y y y
k
x
y
1 2 1
= - +
^ a h k
(D) exp y y y
k
x
y
1 2 2
= - - +
^ a h k
Q. 52 The equation x x x 4 4 0
3 2
- + - = is to be solved using the Newton - Raphson
method. If x 2 = is taken as the initial approximation of the solution, then next
approximation using this method will be
(A) 2/3 (B) 4/3
(C) 1 (D) 3/2
Q. 53 Three functions ( ), ( ) f t f t
1 2
and ( ) f t
3
which are zero outside the interval [ , ] T 0 are
shown in the figure. Which of the following statements is correct?

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(A) ( ) f t
1
and ( ) f t
2
are orthogonal (B) ( ) f t
1
and ( ) f t
3
are orthogonal
(C) ( ) f t
2
and ( ) f t
3
are orthogonal D) ( ) f t
1
and ( ) f t
2
are orthonormal
Q. 54 If the semi-circular control D of radius 2 is as shown in the figure, then the value
of the integral
( ) s
ds
1
1
D
2
-
#
is
(A) jp (B) jp -
(C) p - (D) p
Q. 55 It is given that , ... X X X
M 1 2
at M non-zero, orthogonal vectors. The dimension of
the vector space spanned by the M 2 vectors , ,... , , ,... X X X X X X
M M 1 2 1 2
- - - is
(A) M 2 (B) M 1 +
(C) M
(D) dependent on the choice of , ,... X X X
M 1 2
Q. 56 Consider the function ( ) f x x x 2
2
= - - . The maximum value of ( ) f x in the closed
interval [ , ] 4 4 - is
(A) 18 (B) 10
(C) 225 - (D) indeterminate
Q. 57 An examination consists of two papers, Paper 1 and Paper 2. The probability
of failing in Paper 1 is 0.3 and that in Paper 2 is 0.2. Given that a student has
failed in Paper 2, the probability of failing in Paper 1 is 0.6. The probability of a
student failing in both the papers is
(A) 0.5 (B) 0.18
(C) 0.12 (D) 0.06

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2006 ONE MARK
Q. 58 The rank of the matrix
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
-
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
is
(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3
Q. 59 P 4#4# , where P is a vector, is equal to
(A) P P P
2
#4# 4 - (B) ( ) P P
2
4 4 4# +
(C) P P
2
4 4# + (D) ( ) P P
2
4 4$ 4 -
Q. 60 ( ) P ds 4# $
# #
, where P is a vector, is equal to
(A) P dl $
#
(B) P dl 4 4 $ # # #
(C) P dl 4 $ # #
(D) Pdv 4$
# # #
Q. 61 A probability density function is of the form ( ) , ( , ) p x Ke x
x
3 3 ! = -
a -
. The
value of K is
(A) 0.5 (B) 1
(C) . 0 5a (D) a
Q. 62 A solution for the differential equation ( ) ( ) ( ) x t x t t 2 d + =
o with initial condition
(0 ) 0 x =
-
is
(A) ( ) e u t
t 2 -
(B) ( ) e u t
t 2
(C) ( ) e u t
t -
(D) ( ) eu t
t
2006 TWO MARKS
Q. 63 The eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector of 2 2 # matrix are given by
Eigenvalue Eigenvector
8
1
l = v
1
1
1
=
= G
4
2
l = v
1
1
2
=
-
= G
The matrix is
(A)
6
2
2
6
= G (B)
4
6
6
4
= G
(C)
2
4
4
2
= G (D)
4
8
8
4
= G
Q. 64 For the function of a complex variable ln W Z = (where, W u jv = + and Z x jy = +
, the u= constant lines get mapped in Z-plane as
(A) set of radial straight lines (B) set of concentric circles
(C) set of confocal hyperbolas (D) set of confocal ellipses
Q. 65 The value of the constant integral
z 4
1
z j
2
2
+
- =
#
dz is positive sense is
(A)
j
2
p
(B)
2
p
-
(C)
j
2
p
- (D)
2
p

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Q. 66 The integral sin d
3
0
q q
p
#
is given by
(A)
2
1
(B)
3
2
(C)
3
4
(D)
3
8
Q. 67 Three companies , X Y and Z supply computers to a university. The percentage
of computers supplied by them and the probability of those being defective are
tabulated below
Company % of Computer Supplied Probability of being supplied defective
X % 60 . 0 01
Y % 30 . 0 02
Z % 10 . 0 03
Given that a computer is defective, the probability that was supplied by Y is
(A) 0.1 (B) 0.2
(C) 0.3 (D) 0.4
Q. 68 For the matrix
4
2
2
4
= G the eigenvalue corresponding to the eigenvector
101
101
= G is
(A) 2
(B) 4
(C) 6
(D) 8
Q. 69 For the differential equation
dx
d y
k y 0
2
2
2
+ = the boundary conditions are
(i) y 0 = for x 0 = and (ii) y 0 = for x a =
The form of non-zero solutions of y (where m varies over all integers) are
(A) sin y A
a
m x
m
m
p
=
/
(B) cos y A
a
m x
m
m
p
=
/
(C) y A x
m
a
m
m
=
p
/
(D) y A e
m
a
m x
m
=
p
-
/
Q. 70 As x increased from 3 - to 3, the function ( ) f x
e
e
1
x
x
=
+
(A) monotonically increases
(B) monotonically decreases
(C) increases to a maximum value and then decreases
(D) decreases to a minimum value and then increases
2005 ONE MARK
Q. 71 The following differential equation has

dt
d y
dt
dy
y 3 4 2
2
2
3
2
+ + +
c c m m
x =
(A) degree 2 = , order 1 = (B) degree 1 = , order 2 =
(C) degree 4 = , order 3 = (D) degree 2 = , order 3 =

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Q. 72 A fair dice is rolled twice. The probability that an odd number will follow an even
number is
(A) 1/2 (B) 1/6
(C) 1/3 (D) 1/4
Q. 73 A solution of the following differential equation is given by
dx
d y
dx
dy
y 5 6 0
2
2
- + =
(A) y e e
x x 2 3
= +
-
(B) y e e
x x 2 3
= +
(C) 3 y e
x x 2 3
= +
-
(D) y e e
x x 2 3
= +
- -
2005 TWO MARKS
Q. 74 In what range should ( ) Re s remain so that the Laplace transform of the function
e
( ) a t 2 5 + +
exits.
(A) ( ) 2 Re s a > + (B) ( ) Re s a 7 > +
(C) ( ) Re s 2 < (D) ( ) Re s a 5 > +
Q. 75 The derivative of the symmetric function drawn in given figure will look like
Q. 76 Match the following and choose the correct combination:
Group I Group 2
E. Newton-Raphson method 1. Solving nonlinear equations
F. Runge-kutta method 2. Solving linear simultaneous
equations
G. Simpsons Rule 3. Solving ordinary differential
equations
H. Gauss elimination 4. Numerical integration
5. Interpolation
6. Calculation of Eigenvalues
(A) E 6, F 1, G 5, H 3 - - - - (B) E 1, F 6, G 4, H 3 - - - -
(C) E 1, F 3, G 4, H 2 - - - - (D) E 5, F 3, G 4, H 1 - - - -
Q. 77 Given the matrix
4
4
2
3
-
= G, the eigenvector is
(A)
3
2
= G (B)
4
3
= G
(C)
2
1 -
= G (D)
1
2
-
= G

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Q. 78 Let,
.
A
2
0
0 1
3
=
-
= G and A
a
b 0
1 2
1
=
-
= G. Then ( ) a b + =
(A) 7/20 (B) 3/20
(C) 19/60 (D) 11/20
Q. 79 The value of the integral exp I
x
dx
2
1
8
2
0 p
= -
3
c m #
is
(A) 1 (B) p
(C) 2 (D) 2p
Q. 80 Given an orthogonal matrix
A
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
=
-
- -
R
T
S
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
W

AA
T 1 -
6 @ is
(A)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
4
1
2
1
2
1
R
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
W
W
(B)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
R
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
W
W
(C)
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
R
T
S
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
W
(D)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
4
1
4
1
4
1
4
1
R
T
S
S
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
W
W
***********

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SOLUTI ONS
Sol . 1 Option (B) is correct.
Here, as we know
sin Lim
0
q
" q
0 .
but for % 10 error, we can check option (B) first,
q 18 . 18
180
0 314
#
c c
c
p
= = =
sinq . sin18 0 309 c = =
% error
.
. .
% . %
0 309
0 314 0 309
100 0 49
#
=
-
=
Now, we check it for 50c q =
q . 50 50
180
0 873
#
c c
c
p
= = =
sinq . sin50 0 77 c = =
% error
.
0.77 0.873
. %
0 873
12 25 =
-
=-
so, the error is more than % 10 . Hence, for error less than 10%, 18c q = can have
the approximation
sinq .q
Sol . 2 Option (A) is correct.
For, a given matrix A 6 @ the eigen value is calculated as
A I l - 0 =
where l gives the eigen values of matrix. Here, the minimum eigen value among
the given options is
l 0 =
We check the characteristic equation of matrix for this eigen value
A I l - A = (for 0 l = )

3
5
2
5
12
7
2
7
5
=
3 5 2 60 49 25 14 35 24 = - - - + - ^ ^ ^ h h h
33 55 22 = - +
0 =
Hence, it satisfied the characteristic equation and so, the minimum eigen value
is
l 0 =
Sol . 3 Option (D) is correct.
Given, the polynomial
f x ^ h a x a x a x a x a
4
4
3
3
2
2
1 0
= + + + -
Since, all the coefficients are positive so, the roots of equation is given by
f x ^ h 0 =
It will have at least one pole in right hand plane as there will be least one sign
change from a
1 ^ h to
a
0 ^ h in the Routh matrix 1
st
column. Also, there will be a

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corresponding pole in left hand plane
i.e.; at least one positive root (in R.H.P)
and at least one negative root (in L.H.P)
Rest of the roots will be either on imaginary axis or in L.H.P
Consider the given matrix be
I AB
m
+
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
where m 4 = so, we obtain
AB
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
= -
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW

1
1
1
1
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW

1 1 1 1 6 @
Hence, we get
A
1
1
1
1
=
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
, B 1 1 1 1 =
8 B
Therefore, BA 1 1 1 1 =
8 B
1
1
1
1
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
4 =
From the given property
Det I AB
m
+ ^ h Det I BA
m
= +
^ h
& Det
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
Det
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
4 = +
R
T
S
S
S
S
SS
V
X
W
W
W
W
WW
Z
[
\
]
]
]
]
_
`
a
b
b
b
b
1 4 = +
5 =
Note : Determinant of identity matrix is always 1.
t
dt
dx
x + t =

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dt
dx
t
x
+ 1 =

dt
dx
Px + Q = (General form)
Integrating factor, I F e e e t
lnt Pdt t
dt
1
= = = =
#
#
Solution has the form,
x I F
#
Q I F dt C
#
= +
^ h #
x t
#
( )( ) t dt C 1 = +
#
xt
t
C
2
2
= +
Taking the initial condition,
( ) x 1 . 0 5 =
0.5 C
2
1
= + & C 0 =
So, xt
t
2
2
= x
t
2
& =
Sol . 6 Option (C) is correct.
( ) f z
z z 1
1
3
2
=
+
-
+
( )
j
f z dz
2
1
C
p
#
= sum of the residues of the poles which lie
inside the given closed region.
C z 1 1 & + =
Only pole z 1 =- inside the circle, so residue at z 1 =- is.
( ) f z
( )( ) z z
z
1 3
1
=
+ +
- +

( )( )
( )( )
lim
z z
z z
1 3
1 1
2
2
1
z 1
=
+ +
+ - +
= =
"-
So ( )
j
f z dz
2
1
C
p
#
1 =
x i 1 = - = cos sin i
2 2
p p
= +
So, x e
i
2 =
p
x
x
e
i
x
2 =
p
^ h & e
i
i
2
p
^ h e 2 =
p
-

( ) ( )
( )
dt
d y t
dt
dy t
y t
2
2
2
+ + ( ) t d =
By taking Laplace transform with initial conditions
( ) ( ) [ ( ) ( )] ( ) s Y s sy
dt
dy
sy s y Y s 0 2 0
t
2
0
- - + - +
=
; E
1 =
& ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) s Y s s sY s Y s 2 0 2
2
+ - + + +
6 6 @ @
1 =
( )[ ] Y s s s 2 1
2
+ + s 1 2 4 = - -
( ) Y s
s s
s
2 1
2 3
2
=
+ +
- -
We know that, If, ( ) y t ( ) Y s
L

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then,
( )
dt
dy t
( ) ( ) sY s y 0
L
-
So, ( ) ( ) sY s y 0 -
( )
( )
s s
s s
2 1
2 3
2
2
=
+ +
- -
+

( ) s s
s s s s
2 1
2 3 2 4 2
2
2 2
=
+ +
- - + + +
( ) ( ) sY s y 0 -
( ) ( ) ( ) s
s
s
s
s 1
2
1
1
1
1
2 2 2
=
+
+
=
+
+
+
+

( )
s
s
1
1
1
1
2
=
+
+
+
Taking inverse Laplace transform

( )
dt
dy t
( ) ( ) e u t te u t
t t
= +
- -
At t 0 =
+
,
dt
dy
t 0 =
+
e 0 1
0
= + =
Divergence of A in spherical coordinates is given as
A : d ( )
r r
r A
1
r
2
2
2
2
= ( )
r r
kr
1 n
2
2
2
2
=
+
( )
r
k
n r 2
n
2
1
= +
+
( ) k n r 2 0
n 1
= + =
-
(given)
n 2 + 0 = & n 2 =-
Probability of appearing a head is / 1 2. If the number of required tosses is odd,
we have following sequence of events.
, H , TTH , ........... TTTTH
Probability P .....
2
1
2
1
2
1
3 5
= + + +
b b l l
P
1
3
2
4
1
2
1
=
-
=
( ) f x x x x 9 24 5
3 2
= - + +

( )
dx
df x
x x 3 18 24 0
2
= - + =
&
( )
dx
df x
6 8 0 x x
2
= - + = x 4 = , x 2 =

( )
dx
d f x
2
2
x 6 18 = -
For , x 2 =
( )
dx
d f x
12 18 6 0 <
2
2
= - =-
So at , x 2 = ( ) f x will be maximum
( ) f x
max
( ) ( ) ( ) 2 9 2 24 2 5
3 2
= - + +
8 36 48 5 = - + + 25 =

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Characteristic equation.
A I l - 0 =

5
2
3 l
l
- - -
-
0 =
5 6
2
l l + + 0 =
5 6
2
l l + + 0 =
Since characteristic equation satisfies its own matrix, so
5 6 A A
2
+ + 0 = 5 6 A A I
2
& =- -
Multiplying with A
5 6 A A A
3 2
+ + 0 =
5( 5 6 ) 6 A A I A
3
+ - - + 0 =
A
3
19 30 A I = +
From Divergence theorem, we have
Adv 4$
v v
### A nds
s
$ =
v
t
#
The position vector
r
v
u x u y u z
x y z
= + +
t t t
^ h
Here, 5 A r =
v
v
, thus
A 4$
v
u
x
u
y
u
z
u x u y u z
x y z x y z
:
2
2
2
2
2
2
= + + + +
t t t t t t
c ^ m h
5
dx
dx
dy
dy
dz
dz
= + +
c m
3 5
#
= 15 =
So, 5r nds
s
$
v t
## 15 dv V 15 = = ###
We have
dx
dy
ky =
Integrating
y
dy
# kdx A = + #
or lny kx A = +
Since ( ) y 0 c = thus lnc A =
So, we get, lny ln kx c = +
or lny ln ln e c
kx
= +
or y ce
kx
=
C R Integrals is
z z
z
dz
4 5
3 4
C
2
+ +
- +
# where C is circle z 1 =
( ) f z dz
C
# 0 = if poles are outside C.
Now z z 4 5
2
+ + 0 =
( ) z 2 1
2
+ + 0 =
Thus z
, 1 2
j z 2 1 >
, 1 2
& ! =-
So poles are outside the unit circle.

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We have ( ) f x x x 3 0 = + - =
( ) f x l
x
1
2
1
= +
Substituting x
0
2 = we get
( ) f x
0
l . 1 35355 = and ( ) . f x 2 2 3 0 414
0
= + - =
Newton Raphson Method
x
1

( )
( )
x
f x
f x
0
0
0
= -
l
Substituting all values we have
x
1

.
.
2
1 3535
0 414
= - . 1 694 =
Writing : A B we have

:
:
:
1
1
1
1
4
4
1
6
6
20
l m
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
Apply R R R
3 3 2
" -

:
:
: 20
1
1
0
1
4
0
1
6
6
6
20
l m - -
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
For equation to have solution, rank of A and : A B must be same. Thus for no
solution; 6, 20 ! m l =
Total outcome are 36 out of which favorable outcomes are :
(1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6);
(3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 6) which are 15.
Thus ( ) P E
.
.
No of total outcomes
No of favourable outcomes
36
15
12
5
= = =
Eigen value of a Skew-symmetric matrix are either zero or pure imaginary in
conjugate pairs.
For a function ( ) x t trigonometric fourier series is
( ) x t [ ] cos sin A A n t B n t
o n n
n 1
w w = + +
3
=
/
Where, A
o
( )
T
x t dt
1
T
0
0
= # T
0
" fundamental period
A
n
( )cos
T
x t n t dt
2
T
0
0
w = #
B
n
( )sin
T
x t n t dt
2
T
0
0
w = #
For an even function ( ), x t B 0
n
=
Since given function is even function so coefficient B 0
n
= , only cosine and constant

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terms are present in its fourier series representation.
Constant term :
A
0
( )
T
x t dt
1
/
/
T
T
4
3 4
=
-
#

T
Adt Adt
1
2
/
/
/
/
T
T
T
T
4
4
4
3 4
= + -
-
: D
# #

T
TA
A
T 1
2
2
2
= -
: D

A
2
=-
Constant term is negative.
Given differential equation

( ) ( )
dx
d n x
L
n x
2
2
2
- 0 =
Let ( ) n x Ae
x
=
l
So, A e
L
Ae x
x
2
2
l -
l
l
0 =

L
1 2
2
l -
L
0
1
& ! l = =
Boundary condition, ( ) n 0 3 = so take
L
1
l =-
( ) n x Ae L
x
=
-
( ) n 0 Ae K A K
0
& = = =
So, ( ) n x Ke
( / ) x L
=
-
Given that e
y
x
x
1
=
or lne
y
lnx
x
1
=
or y ln
x
x
1
=
Now
dx
dy
ln
xx
x x
1 1
x
1
2
= + -
-
^ h
ln
x x
1
2 2
= -
For maxima and minima :

dx
dy
(1 ) 0 ln
x
x
1
2
= - =
lnx 1 = " x e
1
=
Now
dx
d y
2
2
ln
x
x
x x
x
2 2 1 1
3 3 2
=- - - -
b b l l

ln
x x
x
x
2 2 1
2 3 3
=- + -

dy
d x
at x e
2
2
1
=

e e e
2 2 1
0 <
2 3 3
=
-
+ -
So, y has a maximum at x e
1
=
According to given condition head should comes 3 times or 4 times
( ) Heads comes times or times P 3 4 C C
2
1
2
1
2
1 4
4
4
4
3
3
= +
b b b l l l
1
16
1
4
8
1
2
1
16
5
: : : = + =

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A
v
xya x a
x y
2
= +
t t
dl
v
dxa dya
x y
= +
t t
A dl
C
:
v v
# ( ) ( ) xya x a dxa dya
x y
C
x y
2
: = + +
t t t t
#
( ) xydx x dy
C
2
= + #
xdx xdx dy dy 3
3
4
3
1
/
/
/
/
2 3
1 3
1
3
3
1
1 3
2 3
= + + + # # # #
[ ] [ ]
2
1
3
4
3
1
2
3
3
1
3
4
3
4
3 1
3
1
1 3 = - + - + - + -
: : D D
1 =
Given function
( ) X z
( )( ) z z z
z
1 2
1 2
=
- -
-
Poles are located at 0, 1, 2 and z z z = = =
At Z 0 = residues is
R
0
( ) z X z
Z 0
: =
=

( )( ) 0 1 0 2
1 2 0
#
=
- -
-

2
1
=
at z 1 = , R
1
( 1) ( ) Z X Z
Z 1
: = -
=

( ) 1 1 2
1 2 1
1
#
=
-
-
=
At z 2 = , R
2
( ) ( ) z X z 2
z 2
: = -
=

( ) 2 2 1
1 2 2
2
3
#
=
-
-
=-
Taking step size h 0.1 = , ( ) y 0 0 =
x y
dx
dy
x y = + y y h
dx
dy
i i 1
= +
+
0 0 0 . ( ) y 0 0 1 0 0
1
= + =
0.1 0 0.1 . ( . ) . y 0 0 1 0 1 0 01
2
= + =
0.2 0.01 0.21 . . . . y 0 01 0 21 0 1 0 031
3 #
= + =
0.3 0.031
From table, at . , ( . ) . x y x 0 3 0 3 0 031 = = =
Given that
( ) f t
( ) s s K s
s
4 3
3 1
L
1
3 2
=
+ + -
+ -
; E
( ) limf t
t"3
1 =
By final value theorem
( ) limf t
t"3
( ) limsF s 1
s 0
= =
"
or
( )
( )
lim
s s K s
s s
4 3
3 1
s 0
3 2
:
+ + -
+
"
1 =

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or
[ ( )]
( )
lim
s s s K
s s
4 3
3 1
s 0
2
+ + -
+
"
1 =

K 3
1
-
1 =
or K 4 =
The highest derivative terms present in DE is of 2nd order.
Number of elements in sample space is 2
10
. Only one element
, , , , , , , , , H H T T T T T T T T
" ,
is event. Thus probability is
2
1
10
We have
( ) f z c c z
0 1
1
= +
-
( ) f z
1

( )
z
f z
z
c c z
1
1
0 1
1
=
+
=
+ +
-

( )
z
z c c 1
2
0 1
=
+ +
Since ( ) f z
1
has double pole at z 0 = , the residue at z 0 = is
Res ( ) f z
z 1 0 =
. ( ) limz f z
z 0
2
1
=
"
.
( )
limz
z
z c c 1
z 0
2
2
0 1
=
+ +
"
c m
c
1
=
Hence
( ) f z dz
1
unit circle
#

[ ( )]
z
f z
dz
1
unit circle
=
+
#
j 2p = [Residue at z 0 = ]
jc 2
1
p =
We have ( ) f x
sin
x
x
p
=
-
Substituting x p - y = ,we get
( ) f y p +
( ) sin sin
y
y
y
y p
=
+
=- ( ) sin
y
y
1
=
-

! !
...
y
y
y y
1
3 5
3 5
=
-
- + -
c m
or ( ) f y p +
! !
...
y y
1
3 5
2 4
=- + - +
Substituting x y p - = we get
( ) f x
!
( )
!
( )
...
x x
1
3 5
2 4
p p
=- +
-
-
-
+
(A)
dx
dy

x
y
=
or
y
dy
#

x
dx
=
#
or logy log log x c = +
or y cx = Straight Line
Thus option (A) and (C) may be correct.
(B)
dx
dy

x
y
=-

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or
y
dy
#

x
dx
=-
#
or logy log log x c =- +
or logy log log
x
c
1
= +
or y
x
c
= Hyperbola
Sum of the principal diagonal element of matrix is equal to the sum of Eigen
values. Sum of the diagonal element is 1 1 3 1 - - + = .In only option (D), the
sum of Eigen values is 1.
The product of Eigen value is equal to the determinant of the matrix. Since one
of the Eigen value is zero, the product of Eigen value is zero, thus determinant
of the matrix is zero.
Thus p p p p
11 22 12 21
- 0 =
The given system is

x
y
4
2
2
1
= = G G
7
6
== G
We have A
4
2
2
1
== G
and A
4
2
2
1
0 = = Rank of matrix ( ) A 2 < r
Now C
4
2
2
1
7
6
== G Rank of matrix ( ) C 2 r =
Since ( ) ( ) A C ! r r there is no solution.
sinz can have value between 1 - to 1 + . Thus no solution.
We have ( ) f x e e
x x
= +
-
For x 0 > , e 1 >
x
and 0 1 e < <
x -
For x 0 < , e 0 1 < <
x
and 1 e >
x -
Thus ( ) f x have minimum values at x 0 = and that is 2 e e
0 0
+ =
-
.
sinx
! !
... x
x x
3 5
3 5
= + + +
cos x
! !
...
x x
1
2 4
2 4
= + + +
Thus only ( ) sin x
3
will have odd power of x.
We have
( )
( )
dt
dx t
x t 3 + 0 =
or ( ) ( ) D x t 3 + 0 =
Since m 3 =- , ( ) x t Ce
t 3
=
-
Thus only (B) may be solution.

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We have x e
x
=
-
or ( ) f x x e
x
= -
-
'( ) f x e 1
x
= +
-
The Newton-Raphson iterative formula is
x
n 1 +

'( )
( )
x
f x
f x
n
n
n
= -
Now ( ) f x
n
x e
n
xn
= -
-
'( ) f x
n
e 1
xn
= +
-
Thus x
n 1 +
x
e
x e
1
n
x
n
x
n
n
= -
+
-
-
-

( )
e
x e
1
1
x
n
x
n
n
=
+
+
-
-
Res ( ) f z
z a =

( )!
( ) ( )
n
dz
d
z a f z
1
1
n
n
n
z a 1
1
=
-
-
-
-
=
6 @
Here we have n 2 = and a 2 =
Thus Res ( ) f z
z 2 =

( )!
( )
( ) ( )
dz
d
z
z z
2 1
1
2
2 2
1
z a
2
2 2
=
-
-
- +
=
; E

( )
dz
d
z 2
1
z a
2
=
+
=
; E

( ) z 2
2
z a
3
=
+
-
=
; E

64
2
=-
32
1
=-
e
P
( ) L sI A
1 1
= -
- -
6 @
L
s
s 0
0 0
2
1
3
1
1
= -
- -
-
-
e o = = G G
L
s
s 2
1
3
1
1
=
-
+
-
-
e o = G
L
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
( )( )
s s
s
s s
s s
s s
s
1
1 2
3
1 2
2
1 2
1
1 2
=
- + +
+
+ +
-
+ +
+ +
f p > H

e e
e e
e e
e e
2
2 2 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
1 2
=
-
- +
-
- +
- -
- -
- -
- -
= G
Taylor series is given as
( ) f x ( )
!
'( )
!
( )
"( ) ... f a
x a
f a
x a
f a
1 2
2
= +
-
+
-
+
For x p = we have
Thus ( ) f x ( )
!
'( )
!
( )
"( )... f
x
f
x
f x
1 2
2
p
p
p
p
= +
-
+
-
Now ( ) f x sin e x
x
= +
'( ) f x cos e x
x
= +
"( ) f x sin e x
x
= -
"( ) f p sin e e p = - =
p p

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Thus the coefficient of ( ) x
2
p - is
!
"( ) f
2
p
The equation of straight line from ( , ) 0 0 to ( , ) 1 2 is y x 2 = .
Now ( , ) g x y x y 4 10
3 4
= +
or, ( , ) g x x 2 x x 4 160
3 4
= +
Now ( , ) g x x 2
0
1
#
( ) x x dx 4 160
3 4
0
1
= +
#
[ ] x x 32 33
4 5
0
1
= + =
I ( ) xdx ydy 2
P
Q
= +
#
xdx ydy 2 2
P
Q
P
Q
= +
# #
xdx ydy 2 2 0
0
1
1
0
= + =
# #
The given plot is straight line whose equation is

x
y
1 1 -
+ 1 =
or y x 1 = +
Now I ydx
1
2
=
#
( ) x dx 1
1
2
= +
#

( ) x
2
1
2
2
=
+
; E
.
2
9
2
4
2 5 = - =
cothx
sinh
cosh
x
x
=
as 1, 1 cosh x x << . and sinhx x .
Thus cothx
x
1
.
lim
sin
0
2
q " q
q
^ h
lim
sin
2 0
2
2
=
" q
q
q
^
^
h
h
lim
sin
2
1
0
2
2
=
" q
q
q
^
^
h
h
.
2
1
0 5 = =
We have, lim
x
1
x 0
2
"
3 =
limx
x
2
"3
3 =
lime
x
x
"3
-
3 =
lime
x
x
2
"3
-
0 =
lime
x
x
0
2
"
-
1 = Thus e
x
2
-
is strictly bounded.
We have ( ) f x e
x
=
-
e
( ) x 2 2
=
- - -
e e
( ) x 2 2
=
- - -
( )
!
( )
... x
x
e 1 2
2
2
2
2
= - - +
-
-
; E

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( ) x e 1 2
2
= - -
-
6 @
Neglecting higher powers
( ) x e 3
2
= -
-
We have k
dx
d y
2
2
2
y y
2
= -
or
dx
d y
k
y
2
2
2
-
k
y
2
2
=-
A.E. D
k
1 2
2
- 0 =
or D
k
1
! =
C.F. C e C e
1 2
k
x
k
x
= +
-
P.I.
D k
y
y
1
k
2 1 2
2
2
2
2
=
-
-
=
c m
Thus solution is
y C e C e y
1 2 2
k
x
k
x
= + +
-
From ( ) y y 0
1
= we get
C C
1 2
+ y y
1 2
= -
From ( ) y y
2
3 = we get that C
1
must be zero.
Thus C
2
y y
1 2
= -
y ( ) y y e y
1 2 2
k
x
= - +
-
We have
( ) f x x x x 4 4
3 2
= - + -
'( ) f x x x 3 2 4
2
= - +
Taking x 2
0
= in Newton-Raphosn method
x
1

'( )
( )
x
f x
f x
0
0
0
= -
( ) ( )
( )
2
3 2 2 2 4
2 2 4 2 4
2
3 2
= -
- +
- + -

3
4
=
For two orthogonal signal ( ) f x and ( ) g x
( ) ( ) f x g x dx
3
3
-
+
#
0 =
i.e. common area between ( ) f x and ( ) g x is zero.
We know that

s
ds
1
1
D
2
-
#
j 2p = [sum of residues]
Singular points are at s 1 ! = but only s 1 =+ lies inside the given contour,
Thus Residue at s 1 =+ is
( ) ( ) lim s f s 1
s 1
-
"
( ) lim s
s
1
1
1
2
1
s 1
2
= -
-
=
"

s
ds
1
1
D
2
-
#
j j 2
2
1
p p = =
` j

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For two orthogonal vectors, we require two dimensions to define them and
similarly for three orthogonal vector we require three dimensions to define them.
M 2 vectors are basically M orthogonal vector and we require M dimensions to
define them.
We have
( ) f x x x 2
2
= - +
'( ) f x x 2 1 0 = - = x
2
1
" =
"( ) f x 2 =
Since "( ) f x 2 0 > = , thus x
2
1
= is minimum point. The maximum value in
closed interval , 4 4 -
6 @
will be at x 4 =- or x 4 =
Now maximum value
[ ( 4), (4)] max f f = -
( , ) max 18 10 =
18 =
Probability of failing in paper 1 is ( ) . P A 0 3 =
Possibility of failing in Paper 2 is ( ) . P B 0 2 =
Probability of failing in paper 1, when
student has failed in paper 2 is 0.6 P
B
A
=
^ h
We know that
P
B
A
b l

( )
( )
P B
P B +
=
or ( ) P A B + ( ) P B P
B
A
=
b l
. . . 0 6 0 2 0 12 # = =
We have
A
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
0
1
1
0
1
0
0
+ = - -
R
T
S
S
S
S
R
T
S
S
S
S
V
X
W
W
W
W
V
X
W
W
W
W
R R
3 1
-
Since one full row is zero, ( ) A 3 < r
Now
1
1
1
1 -
2 0 ! =- , thus ( ) A 2 r =
The vector Triple Product is
( ) A B C # # ( ) ( ) B A C C A B $ $ = -
Thus P 4#4# ( ) ( ) P P 4 4$ 4$4 = - ( ) P P
2
4 4$ 4 = -
The Stokes theorem is
( ) F ds 4# $
# #
A dl $ =
#

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We know ( ) p x dx
3
3
-
#
1 =
Thus Ke dx
x
3
3
a -
-
#
1 =
or Ke dx Ke dx
x x
0
0
+
3
3
a a -
-
# #
1 =
or
( )
K
e
k
e
x x 0
0
a a
+
-
3
3 a a
-
-
6 6 @ @
1 =
or
K K
a a
+ 1 =
or K
2
a
=
We have ( ) ( ) x t x t 2 +
o ( ) s t =
Taking Laplace transform both sides
( ) ( ) ( ) sX s x X s 0 2 - + 1 =
or ( ) ( ) sX s X s 2 + 1 = Since ( ) x 0 0 =
-
( ) X s
s 2
1
=
+
Now taking inverse Laplace transform we have
( ) x t ( ) e u t
t 2
=
-
Sum of the Eigen values must be equal to the sum of element of principal diagonal
of matrix.
Only matrix
6
2
2
6
= G satisfy this condition.
We have W lnz =
u jv + ( ) ln x jy = +
or e
u jv +
x jy = +
or e e
u jv
x jy = +
( ) cos sin e v j v
u
+ x jy = +
Now cos x e v
u
= and sin y e v
u
=
Thus x y
2 2
+ e
u 2
= Equation of circle
We have

z
dz
4
1
z j
2
2
+
- =
#

( )( ) z i z i
dz
2 2
1
z j 2
=
+ -
- =
#
( , ) P 0 2 lies inside the circle z j 2 - = and ( , ) P 0 2 - does not lie.
Thus By cauchys integral formula
I ( )
( )( )
lim i z i
z i z i
2 2
2 2
1
z i 2
p = -
+ - "

i i
i
2 2
2
2
C
p p
=
+
=
#
I sin d
3
0
q q =
p
#

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sin sin
d
4
3 3
0
q q
q =
-
p
` j
#
sin sin sin 3 3 4
3
q q q = -
cos
s
4
3
12
3
0 0
q
w q
=
-
=
p p
: : D D

4
3
4
3
12
1
12
1
3
4
= + - + =
8 8 B B
Let d" defective and y" supply by Y
p
d
y
a k

( )
( )
P d
P y d +
=
( ) P y d + . . . 0 3 0 02 0 006 # = =
( ) P d . . . . . . . 0 6 0 1 0 3 0 02 0 1 0 03 0 015 # # # = + + =
P
d
y
a k

.
.
.
0 015
0 006
0 4 = =
We have A
4
2
2
4
== G
Now [ ] A I X l -
6 @
0 =
or
4
2
2
4
101
101
l
l
-
-
= = G G
0
0
== G
or ( )( ) ( ) 101 4 2 101 l - + 0 =
or l 6 =
We have
dx
d y
k y
2
2
2
+ 0 =
or D y k y
2 2
+ 0 =
The AE is m k
2 2
+ 0 =
The solution of AE is m ik ! =
Thus sin cos y A kx B kx = +
From x 0 = , y 0 = we get B 0 = and , x a y 0 = = we get
sin A ka 0 =
or sinka 0 =
k
a
m x p
=
Thus y sin A
a
m x
m
m
p
=
` j
/
We have ( ) f x
e
e
1
x
x
=
+
For x" 3, the value of ( ) f x monotonically increases.
Order is the highest derivative term present in the equation and degree is the
power of highest derivative term.
Order 2 = , degree 1 =
Probability of coming odd number is
2
1
and the probability of coming even number
is
2
1
. Both the events are independent to each other, thus probability of coming

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odd number after an even number is
2
1
2
1
4
1
# = .
We have
dx
d y
dx
dy
y 5 6
2
2
- + 0 =
The . . A E is m m 5 6
2
- + 0 =
m , 3 2 =
The CF is y
c
C e C e
x x
1
3
2
2
= +
Since Q 0 = , thus y C e C e
x x
1
3
2
2
= +
Thus only (B) may be correct.
We have ( ) f t e
( ) a t 2 5
=
+ +
. e e
( ) a t 5 2
=
+
Taking Laplace transform we get
( ) F s
( )
e
s a 2
1 5
=
- +
; E
Thus ( ) ( ) Re s a 2 > +
For x 0 > the slope of given curve is negative. Only (C) satisfy this condition.
Newton - Raphson " Method-Solving nonlinear eq.
Runge - kutta Method " Solving ordinary differential eq.
Simpsons Rule " Numerical Integration
Gauss elimination " Solving linear simultaneous eq.
We have A
4
4
2
3
=
-
= G
Characteristic equation is
A I l - 0 =
or
4
4
2
3
l
l
-
-
0 =
or ( 4 )(3 ) 8 l l - - - - 0 =
or 12 8
2
l l - + + - 0 =
or 20
2
l l + - 0 =
or l , 5 4 =- Eigen values
Eigen vector for 5 l =-
( ) A I X
i
l - 0 =

( ) x
x
1 5
4
2
8 4
1
2
- -
-
= = G G
0
0
== G

x
x
1
0
2
0
1
2
= = G G
0
0
== G R R 4
2 1
-
x x 2
1 2
+ 0 =
Let x x 2 1
1 2
& - = =- ,
Thus X
2
1
=
-
= G Eigen vector

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We have
A
. 2
0
0 1
3
=
-
= G and A
a
b 0
1 2
1
=
-
= G
Now AA
1 -
I =
or
. a
b
2
0
0 1
3 0
2
1
-
= = G G
1
0
0
1
== G
or
. a b
b
1
0
2 0 1
3
-
= G
1
0
0
1
== G
or . a 2 0 1 - 0 = and b 3 1 =
Thus solving above we have b
3
1
= and a
60
1
=
Therefore a b +
3
1
60
1
20
7
= + =
Gaussian PDF is
( ) f x e dx
2
1
( ) x
2
2
2
p s
=
3
3
-
-
s
m -
#
for x 3 3 # # -
and ( ) f x dx
3
3
-
#
1 =
Substituting 0 m = and 2 s = in above we get
e dx
2 2
1
x
8
2
p 3
3
-
-
#
1 =
or 2 e dx
2 2
1
0
x
8
2
p
3
-
#
1 =
or e dx
2
1
0
x
8
2
p
3
-
#
1 =
From orthogonal matrix
[ ] AA
T
I =
Since the inverse of I is I , thus
[ ] AA
T 1 -
I I
1
= =
-
*********

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