IP ADDRESS CLASSES

Task 1: For a given IP address,Determine Network Information.

Given :

Host IP Address 172.25.114.250
Network Mask 255.255.0.0 (/16)

Find :

Network Address 172.25.0.0
Network Broadcast Address 172.25.255.255
Total Number of Host Bits 65534
Number of Hosts 16

Step 1 : Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation.
FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
172 . 25 . 114 . 250
Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4
Octet 1
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Let 128+32+8+4= 172
Octet 2
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 1 1 0 0 1

Let 16+8+1
= 25

Octet 3
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0

Let 64+32+16+2
=144

Octet 4
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0

Let 128+64+32+16+8+2
=250


NETWORK MASK
255 . 255 . 0 . 0
172 . 25 . 114 . 250
Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4
Octet 1
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Let 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1
= 255
Octet 2
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Let 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 4 + 2 + 1
=255
Octet 3
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Let The value of network mask at octet 3 is 0 , so the binary number is still zero (0).

Octet 4
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Let The value of network mask at octet 3 is 0 , so the binary number is still zero (0).

Step 2: Determine the network address.
172 25 114 250
IP Address 10101100 00011001 01110010 11111010
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 10101100 00011001 00000000 00000000
172 25 0 0

EXP:
IP Address 10101100 00011001 01110010 11111010
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 10101100 00011001 00000000 00000000
172 25 0 0 Answer






Step 3: Determine the broadcast address for the network address
The network mask separates the network portion of the address from the host portion.The
network address has all 0s in the host portion of the address and the broadcast address has
all 1s in the host portion of the address.
172 25 0 0
Network Add. 10101100 00011001 00000000 00000000
Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Broadcast. 10101100 00011001 11111111 11111111
172 25 0 0

By counting the number of host bits, we can determine the total number of usable host for
this network.
Host bits: 16 `0 number of mask in octet 3 and octet 4
Total number of host: 255.255.0.0 host
2
16
= 65,536
2
n
-2 FORMULA
= 65,536 2
= 65,536








Task 2: Challenge
For all problem:
Create a subnetting Worksheet to show and record all work for each problem.
Problem 1

Host Ip Address 172.30.1.33
Network Mask 255.255.0.0
Network Address 172.16.0.0
Network Broadcast Address 172.16.255.255
Total Number of Host Bits 65534
Number of Hosts 16

FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
172 . 30 . 1 . 33
Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4

Octet 1
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Let 128+32+8+4
=172

Octet 2
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

Let 16+8+4+2
= 30
Octet 3
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Let 1
= 1

Octet 4
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Let
= 33



Step 2: Determine the network address.
172 30 1 33
IP Address 10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 10101100 00011110 00000001 00000000
172 30 0 0

EXP:
IP Address 10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 10101100 00011001 00000001 00000000
172 25 1 0 Answer












Step 3: Determine the broadcast address for the network address
The network mask separates the network portion of the address from the host portion.The
network address has all 0s in the host portion of the address and the broadcast address has
all 1s in the host portion of the address.
172 30 0 0
Network Add. 10101100 00011110 00000000 00000000
Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Broadcast. 10101100 00011110 11111111 11111111
172 30 1 255

By counting the number of host bits, we can determine the total number of usable host for
this network.
Host bits: 16 `0 number of mask in octet 3 and octet 4
Total number of host: 255.255.0.0 host
2
16
= 65,536 FORMULA
= 65,536 2
= 65,536










Problem 2

Host Ip Address 172.30.1.33
Network Mask 255.255.255.0
Network Address 172.30.1.0
Network Broadcast Address 172.30.1.255
Total Number of Host Bits 254
Number of Hosts 24

FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
172 . 30 . 1 . 33
Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4
Octet 1
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Let 128+32+8+4
=172





Octet 2
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

Let 16+8+4+2
= 30
Octet 3
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

Let 1
= 1
Octet 4
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

Let
= 33




Step 2: Determine the network address.
172 30 1 33
IP Address 10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 10101100 00011110 00000000 00000000
172 30 0 0

EXP:
IP Address 10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 10101100 00011001 00000000 00000000
172 30 0 0 Answer












Step 3: Determine the broadcast address for the network address
The network mask separates the network portion of the address from the host portion.The
network address has all 0s in the host portion of the address and the broadcast address has
all 1s in the host portion of the address.
172 30 0 0
Network Add. 10101100 00011110 00000000 00000000
Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Broadcast. 10101100 00011110 11111111 11111111
172 25 0 0

By counting the number of host bits, we can determine the total number of usable host for
this network.
Host bits: 16 `0 number of mask in octet 3 and octet 4
Total number of host: 255.255.0.0 host
2
16
= 65,536 FORMULA
= 65,536 2
= 65,536









Problem 3

Host Ip Address 192.168.10.234
Network Mask 255.255.255.0
Network Address 192.168.10.0
Network Broadcast Address 192.168.10.255
Total Number of Host Bits 254
Number of Hosts 2
8

FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
192 . 168 . 10 . 234
Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4
Octet 1
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Let 128+64
= 192





Octet 2
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

Let 128+32+8
= 168
Octet 3
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0

Let 8+2
= 10
Octet 4
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0

Let 128+64+32+16+8+2
= 234




Step 2: Determine the network address.
192 168 10 234
IP Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 11111010
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 11111010
192 168 0 0

EXP:
IP Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 00100001
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 11111010
192 168 0 0 Answer












Step 3: Determine the broadcast address for the network address
The network mask separates the network portion of the address from the host portion.The
network address has all 0s in the host portion of the address and the broadcast address has
all 1s in the host portion of the address.
172 30 0 0
Network Add. 10101100 00011110 00000000 00000000
Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Broadcast. 10101100 00011110 11111111 11111111
172 25 0 0

By counting the number of host bits, we can determine the total number of usable host for
this network.
Host bits: 16 `0 number of mask in octet 3 and octet 4
Total number of host: 255.255.0.0 host
2
16
= 65,536 FORMULA
=65,536 2
= 65,536









Problem 4

Host Ip Address 172.17.99.71
Network Mask 255.255.0.0
Network Address 172.17.0.0
Network Broadcast Address 172.17.255.255
Total Number of Host Bits 65534
Number of Hosts 2
16

FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
172 . 17 . 99 . 71
Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4
Octet 1
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0

Let 128+32+8+4
= 172





Octet 2
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

Let 16+1
= 17

Octet 3
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 1 1 0 0 0 1 1

Let 64+32+2+1
= 99
Octet 4
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0

Let 64+4+2
= 71



Step 2: Determine the network address.
172 17 99 71
IP Address 10101100 00010001 01100011 01000110
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 11000000 00010001 00001010 11111010
172 17 0 0

EXP:
IP Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 00100001
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 11111010
172 17 0 0 Answer












Step 3: Determine the broadcast address for the network address
The network mask separates the network portion of the address from the host portion.The
network address has all 0s in the host portion of the address and the broadcast address has
all 1s in the host portion of the address.
172 30 0 0
Network Add. 10101100 00011110 00000000 00000000
Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Broadcast. 10101100 00011110 11111111 11111111
172 25 0 0

By counting the number of host bits, we can determine the total number of usable host for
this network.
Host bits: 16 `0 number of mask in octet 3 and octet 4
Total number of host: 255.255.0.0 host
2
16
= 65,536 FORMULA
= 65,536 2
= 65,536








Problem 5

Host Ip Address 192.168.3.219
Network Mask 255.255.0.0
Network Address 192.168.0.0
Network Broadcast Address 192.168.255.255
Total Number of Host Bits 65534
Number of Hosts 2
16

FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
192 . 168 . 3 . 219
Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4
Octet 1
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Let 128+64
= 192





Octet 2
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

Let 128+32+8
= 168
Octet 3
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Let 2+1
= 3
Octet 4
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

Let 128+64+16+8+2+1
= 219




Step 2: Determine the network address.
192 168 3 219
IP Address 11000000 10101000 00000011 11011011
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 11111010
192 168 0 0

EXP:
IP Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 00100001
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 11111010
192 25 0 0 Answer












Step 3: Determine the broadcast address for the network address
The network mask separates the network portion of the address from the host portion.The
network address has all 0s in the host portion of the address and the broadcast address has
all 1s in the host portion of the address.
172 30 0 0
Network Add. 10101100 00011110 00000000 00000000
Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Broadcast. 10101100 00011110 11111111 11111111
172 25 0 0

By counting the number of host bits, we can determine the total number of usable host for
this network.
Host bits: 16 `0 number of mask in octet 3 and octet 4
Total number of host: 255.255.0.0 host
2
16
= 65,536 FORMULA
= 65,536 2
= 65,536









Problem 6

Host Ip Address 192.168.3.219
Network Mask 255.255.0.0
Network Address 192.168.0.0
Network Broadcast Address 192.168.255.255
Total Number of Host Bits 65534
Number of Hosts 2
16

FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

IP ADDRESS
192 . 168 . 3 . 219
Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4
Octet 1
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

Let 128+64
= 192





Octet 2
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0

Let 128+32+8
= 168
Octet 3
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

Let 2+1
= 3
Octet 4
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1

Let 128+64+16+8+2+1
= 219




Step 2: Determine the network address.
192 168 3 219
IP Address 11000000 10101000 00000011 11011011
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 11111010
192 168 0 0

EXP:
IP Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 00100001
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Network Address 11000000 10101000 00001010 11111010
172 25 0 0 Answer












Step 3: Determine the broadcast address for the network address
The network mask separates the network portion of the address from the host portion.The
network address has all 0s in the host portion of the address and the broadcast address has
all 1s in the host portion of the address.
172 30 0 0
Network Add. 10101100 00011110 00000000 00000000
Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Broadcast. 10101100 00011110 11111111 11111111
172 25 0 0

By counting the number of host bits, we can determine the total number of usable host for
this network.
Host bits: 16 `0 number of mask in octet 3 and octet 4
Total number of host: 255.255.0.0 host
2
16
= 65,536 FORMULA
= 65,536 2
= 65,536









TASK/EXERCISE
TASK 1: For a Given IP Adress and Subnet Mask , Determine Subnet Information.
Given:
Host IP Address 172.25.114.250
Network Mask 255.255.0.0 (/16)
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 (/26)
Find:
Number of Subnet Bits 10
Number of Subnets 2
10
=1,024 subnets
Number of Host Bits per Subnet 6 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
6
=64 - 2= 62 hosts per subnet
Subnet Address for this IP Address 172.25.114.192
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet 172.25.114.193
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet 172.25.114.254
Broadcast Address for this Subnet 172.25.114.255

Step 1 : Translate Host IP address and network mask into binary notation.
FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

172 25 114 250
IP Address 10101100 00011001 01110010 11111010
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11000000
Subnet Address 10101100 00011001 01110010 11000000
Subnet address for 172 25 114 192 Answer
This IP Address =
IP Address of First Host 192 + 62 Hosts IP Address of Last Host
172.25.114.193 = 254 172.25.114.254
Broadcast Address
172.25.144.255
Determining the Number of IP Subnets and Hosts
Step 1
-Use the first octet of the IP address to determine the class of address (A,B or C).
172.25.114.250
255.255.255.192
Step 2
Use the class of the address to determine which octets are available for hosts.
Network. Network. Host. Host.
172 . 25 . 114 . 250
255 . 255 . 255 . 192
Step 3
Look at the host octet(s) in the subnet mask.Use the Possible Masks chart to determine
which bits are set to one. If no bits are set to one, there are no subnets. If any bits are set to
one, proceed to step four.
172.25.114.250
255.255.255.192 = 11111111
11000000
Step 4
Count the total number of ones in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number X.
Raise 2 to the power of X. Use the Power of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by mask. Two of these potential subnets are normally not usable.
11111111 11000000 = 10 ones.
2
10
= 1,024 2 = 1,022 usable subnets created.
Step 5
Count the total number of zeros in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number Y.
Raise 2 to the power of Y. Use the powers of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by the mask. Two of these numbers are never used to address
hosts.
11111111 11000000 = 6 zeros. 2
6
= 64 2 = 62 usable host addresses created.
-Number of Host Bit per Subnet - 6 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
6
= 64 2 = 62 hosts per subnet
Problem 1
Host IP Address 172.30.1.33
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Number of Subnet Bits 8
Number of Subnets 2
8
= 256 subnets
Number of Host Bits per Subnet 8 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
8
= 256 2 = 254 hosts per subnet
Subnet Address for this IP Address 172.30.1.0
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet 172.30.1.1
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet 172.30.1.254
Broadcast Address for this Subnet 172.30.1.255
FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

172 30 1 33
IP Address 10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Subnet Address 10101100 00011110 00000001 00000000
Subnet address for 172 30 1 0 Answer
This IP Address =
IP Address of First Host 0 + 254 Hosts IP Address of Last Host
172.25.114.193 = 254 172.25.114.254







Broadcast Address
172.25.144.255
Determining the Number of Subnets and Hosts


Look at the host octet(s) in the subnet mask.Use the Possible Masks chart to determine
which bits are set to one. If no bits are set to one, there are no subnets. If any bits are set to
one, proceed to step four.
172.25.114.250
255.255.255.192 = 11111111
11000000


Count the total number of ones in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number X.
Raise 2 to the power of X. Use the Power of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by mask. Two of these potential subnets are normally not usable.
11111111 11000000 = 10 ones.
210 = 1,024 2 = 1,022 usable subnets created.


Count the total number of zeros in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number Y.
Raise 2 to the power of Y. Use the powers of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by the mask. Two of these numbers are never used to address
hosts.
11111111 00000000 = 8 zeros. 2
8
= 256 2 = 254 usable host addresses created.
-Number of Host Bit per Subnet 8 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
8
= 256 2 = 254 hosts per subnet
Number of Subnet bit 8
Number of Subnets 2
8
= 256 subnets
(all 0s used,all 1s not used)

Problem 2
Host IP Address 172.30.1.33
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252
Number of Subnet Bits 14
Number of Subnets 2
14
= 16384 subnets
Number of Host Bits per Subnet 4 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
2
= 4 2 = 2hosts per subnet
Subnet Address for this IP Address 172.30.1.32
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet 172.30.1.33
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet 172.30.1.34
Broadcast Address for this Subnet 172.30.1.35
FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

172 30 1 33
IP Address 10101100 00011110 00000001 00100001
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Subnet Address 10101100 00011110 00000001 00100000
Subnet address for 172 30 1 32 Answer
This IP Address =
IP Address of First Host 32 + 2 Hosts IP Address of Last Host
172.30.114.193 = 34 172.30.114.32







Broadcast Address
172.30.144.255
Determining the Number of Subnets and Hosts


Look at the host octet(s) in the subnet mask.Use the Possible Masks chart to determine
which bits are set to one. If no bits are set to one, there are no subnets. If any bits are set to
one, proceed to step four.
172.30.1.33
255.255.255.252 = 11111111
11111100 (host octets only)


Count the total number of ones in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number X.
Raise 2 to the power of X. Use the Power of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by mask. Two of these potential subnets are normally not usable.
11111111 11000000 = 14 ones. 2
14
= 16384 usable subnets created.
Number of Subnet bit 14
Number of Subnets 12
14
= 16384 subnets
(all 0s used, all 1s not used)



Count the total number of zeros in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number Y.
Raise 2 to the power of Y. Use the powers of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by the mask. Two of these numbers are never used to address
hosts.
11111111 11111100 = 2 zeros. 2
2
= 4 2 = 2 usable host addresses created.
-Number of Host Bit per Subnet 8 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
2
= 4 2 = 2 hosts per subnet


Problem 3
Host IP Address 192.192.10.234
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Number of Subnet Bits 8
Number of Subnets 2
8
= 256 subnets
Number of Host Bits per Subnet 8 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
8
= 256 2 = 254 hosts per subnet
Subnet Address for this IP Address 192.192.10.0
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet 192.192.10.1
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet 192.192.10.254
Broadcast Address for this Subnet 192.192.10.255
FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

192 192 10 234
IP Address 11000000 11000000 00001010 11101010
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Subnet Address 11000000 11000000 00001010 00000000
Subnet address for 192 192 10 0 Answer
This IP Address =
IP Address of First Host 0 + 254 Hosts IP Address of Last Host
192.192.10.1 = 254 192.192.10.254







Broadcast Address
192.192.10.255
Determining the Number of Subnets and Hosts


Look at the host octet(s) in the subnet mask.Use the Possible Masks chart to determine
which bits are set to one. If no bits are set to one, there are no subnets. If any bits are set to
one, proceed the step .
192.192.10.230
255.255.255.0 = 11111111 00000000 (host octets only)


Count the total number of ones in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number X.
Raise 2 to the power of X. Use the Power of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by mask. Two of these potential subnets are normally not usable.
11111111 00000000 = 8 ones. 2
8
= 256 usable subnets created.
Number of Subnet bit 8
Number of Subnets 2
8
= 256 subnets
(all 0s used, all 1s not used)



Count the total number of zeros in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number Y.
Raise 2 to the power of Y. Use the powers of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by the mask. Two of these numbers are never used to address
hosts.
11111111 00000000= 8 zeros. 2
8
= 256 2 = 254 usable host addresses created.
-Number of Host Bit per Subnet 8 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
8
= 256 2 = 254 hosts per subnet


Problem 4
Host IP Address 172.17.99.71
Subnet Mask 255.255.0.0
Number of Subnet Bits 0
Number of Subnets 2
0
= 1 subnets
Number of Host Bits per Subnet 16 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
16
= 65536 2 = 65536 hosts per subnet
Subnet Address for this IP Address 172.17.0.0
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet 172.17.0.1
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet 172.17.255.254
Broadcast Address for this Subnet 172.17.255.255

FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

172 17 99 71
IP Address 10101100 00010001 01100011 01000111
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000
Subnet Address 10101100 00010001 00000001 00000000
Subnet address for 172 17 0 0 Answer
This IP Address =
IP Address of First Host 0 + 254 Hosts IP Address of Last Host
172.17.0.1 = 254 172.17.255.254






Broadcast Address
192.192.10.255
Determining the Number of Subnets and Hosts


Look at the host octet(s) in the subnet mask.Use the Possible Masks chart to determine
which bits are set to one. If no bits are set to one, there are no subnets. If any bits are set to
one, proceed the step .
172.17.99.71
255.255.0.0 = 00000000 00000000 (host octets only)


Count the total number of ones in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number X.
Raise 2 to the power of X. Use the Power of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by mask. Two of these potential subnets are normally not usable.
00000000 00000000 = 0 ones. 2
0
= 1 usable subnets created.
Number of Subnet bit 0
Number of Subnets 2
0
= 1 subnets
(all 0s used, all 1s not used)



Count the total number of zeros in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number Y.
Raise 2 to the power of Y. Use the powers of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by the mask. Two of these numbers are never used to address
hosts.
00000000 00000000= 16 zeros. 2
16
= 65536 2 = 65534 usable host addresses created.
-Number of Host Bit per Subnet 16 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
16
= 65536 2 = 65534 hosts per subnet


Problem 5
Host IP Address 192.168.3.219
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.0
Number of Subnet Bits 8
Number of Subnets 2
8
= 256 subnets
Number of Host Bits per Subnet 8 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
8
= 256 2 = 254 hosts per subnet
Subnet Address for this IP Address 192.168.3.0
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet 192.168.3.1
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet 192.168.3.254
Broadcast Address for this Subnet 192.168.3.255

FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

192 168 3 219
IP Address 11000000 10101000 00000011 11011011
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 00000000
Subnet Address 11000000 10101000 00000011 00000000
Subnet address for 192 168 3 0 Answer
This IP Address =
IP Address of First Host 0 + 254 Hosts IP Address of Last Host
192.168.3.1 = 254 192.168.3.254






Broadcast Address
192.192.10.255
Determining the Number of Subnets and Hosts


Look at the host octet(s) in the subnet mask.Use the Possible Masks chart to determine
which bits are set to one. If no bits are set to one, there are no subnets. If any bits are set to
one, proceed the step .
192.168.3.219
255.255.255.0 = 11111111 00000000 (host octets only)


Count the total number of ones in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number X.
Raise 2 to the power of X. Use the Power of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by mask. Two of these potential subnets are normally not usable.
11111111 00000000 = 8 ones. 2
8
= 256 usable subnets created.
Number of Subnet bit 8
Number of Subnets 2
8
= 256 subnets
(all 0s used, all 1s not used)



Count the total number of zeros in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number Y.
Raise 2 to the power of Y. Use the powers of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by the mask. Two of these numbers are never used to address
hosts.
11111111 00000000= 8 zeros. 2
8
= 256 2 = 254 usable host addresses created.
-Number of Host Bit per Subnet 8 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
8
= 256 2 = 254 hosts per subnet


Problem 6
Host IP Address 192.168.3.219
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.252
Number of Subnet Bits 14
Number of Subnets 2
14
= 16384 subnets
Number of Host Bits per Subnet 2 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
2
= 4 2 = 2 hosts per subnet
Subnet Address for this IP Address 192.168.3.216
IP Address of First Host on this Subnet 192.168.3.217
IP Address of Last Host on this Subnet 192.168.3.218
Broadcast Address for this Subnet 192.168.3.219

FORMULA :
2
7
2
6
2
5
2
4
2
3
2
2
2
1
2
0
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

192 168 3 219
IP Address 11000000 10101000 00000011 11011011
X Multiply
Subnet Mask 11111111 11111111 11111111 11111100
Subnet Address 11000000 10101000 00000011 11011000
Subnet address for 192 168 3 216 Answer
This IP Address =
IP Address of First Host 216 + 2 Hosts IP Address of Last Host
192.168.3.217 = 218 192.168.3.218





Broadcast Address
192.192.10.255
Determining the Number of Subnets and Hosts


Look at the host octet(s) in the subnet mask.Use the Possible Masks chart to determine
which bits are set to one. If no bits are set to one, there are no subnets. If any bits are set to
one, proceed the step .
192.168.3.219
255.255.255.252 = 11111111 11111100 (host octets only)


Count the total number of ones in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number X.
Raise 2 to the power of X. Use the Power of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by mask. Two of these potential subnets are normally not usable.
11111111 11111100 = 14 ones. 2
14
= 16384 usable subnets created.
Number of Subnet bit 14
Number of Subnets 2
14
= 16384 subnets
(all 0s used, all 1s not used)



Count the total number of zeros in the host octet(s) of the subnet mask. Call this number Y.
Raise 2 to the power of Y. Use the powers of 2 chart if necessary. This is the number of
potential subnets created by the mask. Two of these numbers are never used to address
hosts.
11111111 11111100= 2 zeros. 2
2
= 4 2 = 2 usable host addresses created.
-Number of Host Bit per Subnet 2 bit
Number of Usable Hosts per Subnet 2
2
= 4 2 = 2 hosts per subnet