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This document provides instructions for an experiment on electric potential and electric field. Students will use a probe to measure the voltage between two charged conductors like metal disks or cylinders placed in an electrolytic tank. They will record enough voltage readings to plot equipotential lines connecting points of equal potential. Then, perpendicular to the equipotential lines, students will draw electric field lines that originate on the positive conductor and terminate on the negative one. Conducting this process for different conductor shapes will demonstrate how the electric field distribution varies with charge arrangement.
Deskripsi Asli:
Electric Potential and Electric field experiment methods and guide questions
Judul Asli
Electric Potential and Electric Field experiment methodology.
This document provides instructions for an experiment on electric potential and electric field. Students will use a probe to measure the voltage between two charged conductors like metal disks or cylinders placed in an electrolytic tank. They will record enough voltage readings to plot equipotential lines connecting points of equal potential. Then, perpendicular to the equipotential lines, students will draw electric field lines that originate on the positive conductor and terminate on the negative one. Conducting this process for different conductor shapes will demonstrate how the electric field distribution varies with charge arrangement.
This document provides instructions for an experiment on electric potential and electric field. Students will use a probe to measure the voltage between two charged conductors like metal disks or cylinders placed in an electrolytic tank. They will record enough voltage readings to plot equipotential lines connecting points of equal potential. Then, perpendicular to the equipotential lines, students will draw electric field lines that originate on the positive conductor and terminate on the negative one. Conducting this process for different conductor shapes will demonstrate how the electric field distribution varies with charge arrangement.
1. Objectives 1.1. Plot a series of lines of equal potential for several two-dimensional charge distributions. 1.2. Construct the corresponding electric field lines, giving an informative visual display of the field.
2. Overview The conductors (disks, cylinders) are connected to the terminals of a battery which supplies charge to the conductors, one conductor getting a positive charge and the other a negative charge. A current flows through the electrolyte from the positive conductor to the negative conductor. Any two points between which the current is zero will be at the same electrical potential and will therefore lie on an equipotential line. The tank has a grid of reference marks to make it easy to identify and to sketch these points between the conductors.
3. Procedure 3.1. Part 1: Two circular electrodes (circular charge distributions) 3.1.1. Connect the terminals of the battery to each metal disk (refer to schematic diagram). Make a full scale precise copy of the electrolytic tank and electrodes in your notebook, record the identifying numbers of the grid and draw the conducting plates in their proper locations. Attach the probe to the positive terminal of the voltmeter, and connect the negative terminal of the voltmeter to the negative terminal of the power supply.
Electrodes
Electrolytic tank
V Probe
Schematic diagram of experimental setup 3.1.2. Using the probe tip, measure the potential of one specific point between the conductors. Move the probe until another point at the same potential is found. In this way locate enough points to allow you to draw the equipotential line connecting these points. Record the potential of the line relative to the negative terminal of the battery. 3.1.3. Repeat the above procedure with the probe located at other points with a different potential and thus sketch a family of equipotential lines for the entire region between the conductors. In each case, record the potential of the line relative to the negative terminal of the battery. When the equipotential lines have been drawn, sketch the family of lines that are perpendicular to the equipotential lines. These lines are the electric field lines for the charge distribution. They begin on positive charges and end on negative charges.
3.2. Part 2: Two cylindrical electrodes (line charge distributions) 3.2.1. Repeat Part 1 for the two cylindrical electrodes.
3.3. Part 3: Circular and cylindrical electrodes ( line and circular charge distributions) 3.3.1. Repeat Part 1 for cylindrical and circular electrodes.
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Physics 102.1 Experiment 1 1 st Semester, AY 2013-2014
4. Guide Questions 4.1. (See Procedure 3.1.2) How will you decide when you have taken "enough" points? 4.2. (See Procedure 3.1.3) Why are electric field lines perpendicular to the equipotential lines? (HINT: Think of a paradox that would occur if they were not perpendicular to the equipotentials.) 4.3. (See Procedure 3.1.3) Why should the electric field lines also be perpendicular to the edges of the conductors? 4.4. (See Procedure 3.1.3) How would you find the magnitude of the electric field in a given region of your diagram? Do an example. 4.5. (See Procedure 3.2 and 3.3) What qualitative effects do the shapes of the conductor have on the field distribution? 4.6. (See Procedure 3.2 and 3.3) What will be the effect of accumulation of charges on certain regions of the tank?