HEAT&MASSTRANSFER

ASSIGNEMENTI
1. A4mx5mx6mroomistobeheatedbyoneton(1000kg)ofliquidwatercontainedinatankplaced
intheroom.Theroomislosingheattotheoutsideatanaveragerateof10,000kJ/h.Theroomis
initiallyat20Cand100kPa,andismaintainedatanaveragetemperatureof20Catalltimes.Ifthehot
wateristomeettheheatingrequirementsofthisroomfora24hourperiod,determinetheminimum
temperatureofthewaterwhenitisfirstbroughtintotheroom.Assumeconstantspecificheatsforboth
airandwateratroomtemperature.

2. Consider a large plane wall of thickness L = 0.2 m, thermal conductivity k = 1.2 W/(m.K), and surface
areaA=15m
2
.ThetwosidesofthewallaremaintainedatconstanttemperaturesofT
1
=120CandT
2
=
50C, respectively. Determine (a) the variation of temperature within the wall and the value of
temperature at the midsection, and (b) the rate of heat conduction through the wall under steady
conditions.

3. In a food processing facility, a spherical container shown in below Figure is of inner radius r
1
= 40 cm,
outerradiusr
2
=41cm,andthermalconductivityk=1.5W/(m.K)isusedtostorehotwaterandtokeep
itat100Catalltimes.Toaccomplishthis,theoutersurfaceofthecontaineriswrappedwitha500W
electric strip heater and then insulated. The temperature of the inner surface of the container is
observedtobenearly100Catalltimes.Assuming10percentoftheheatgeneratedintheheaterislost
throughtheinsulation,(a)Expressthedifferentialequationandtheboundaryconditionsforsteadyone
dimensional heat conduction through the container, (b) Obtain a relation for the variation of
temperatureinthecontainermaterialbysolvingthedifferentialequation,(c)Evaluatetheoutersurface
temperatureofthecontainer,and(d)Determinehowmuchwaterat100Cthistankcansupplysteadily
ifthecoldwaterentersat20C.Assumethespecificheatofwateras4.185kJ/(kgK)

4. Definecriticalradiusofinsulation.Deriveitsitsformulaforasphericalbody.
5. A hot surface shown in below Figure is at 100C is to be cooled by attaching 3cmlong, 0.25cm
diameter aluminum pin fins (k = 237 W/m C) to it, with a centertocenter distance of 0.6 cm. The
temperatureofthesurroundingmediumis30C,andtheheattransfercoefficientonthesurfacesis35
W/(m
2
K).(i)Determinetherateofheattransferfromthesurfacefora1mby1
msectionoftheplate,and(ii)Determinetheoveralleffectivenessofthefins.

6. With neat sketch derive the general two dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation for an
isotropic slab with internal heat generation. Simplify the obtained equation to Poissons equation,
FouriersequationandLaplaceequation.
7. A composite slab is made of two layers 15 cm and 10 cm thickness. The first layer is of material with
thermalconductivity1.45W/mKfor60%oftheareaandtherestisofmaterialwithconductivityof2.5
W/mK. The second layer is made of material with conductivity of 12.5 W/mK for 50% area and of
materialwithconductivity18.5W/mKisusedfortheother50%.Theslabisexposedoninsidetowarm
airat26Candtooutsidecoldairat20Contheotherside.Theconvectioncoefficientsare15and20
W/m
2
Kontheinsideandoutsiderespectively.Determinetheheatflowandinterfacetemperature.
8. Derive an expression for fin temperature distribution, heat dissipation, effectiveness and efficiency for
thestraightrectangularprofilewithfinitelengthendinsulated.
9. Establish a relationship for the temperature as the function of the radial coordinate r, for a hollow
cylinder (thermal conductivity k) having inner and outer radii r
1
and r
2
respectively; it is perfectly
insulated at its outer radius and is held at a temperature T
1
by a coolant at the inner radius. Electrical
energy is dissipated at the constant rate of q
g
per unit volume. Assume that the temperature
distributionisprimarilyradialandheattransfertakesplaceundersteadystateconditions.
10. Derive the general two dimensional unsteady state heat conduction equation with internal heat
generation for polar coordinates (r, z) with neat sketch. Simplify the obtained equation to Poissons
equation,FouriersequationandLaplaceequation.
11. Theinsideofafurnacewallisat1000Candwiththeexistingwallofmaterialwiththermalconductivity
of 1.7 W/mK looses 2.5 kW/m
2
when the outside is exposed to convection to air at 30C with h = 27
W/m
2
K.Determinethewallthickness.Additionally75mmthicknessofinsulationwithk=0.15W/mKis
added on the inside. The furnace wall temperature and the surrounding temperature and convection
coefficient remain unchanged. Determine the reduction in heat flow and reduction in the outside
surfacetemperature.Alsofindtheoverallheattransfercoefficient.
12. Alonghollowcylinderhasinnerandouterradii50mmand150mmrespectively.Itgeneratesheatata
rate of 1 kW/m
3
(k = 0.5 W/m K). If the maximum temperature occurs at a radius of 100 mm and
temperature of outer surface is 50
o
C, find (i) Temperature at inner surface and (ii) Maximum
temperatureinthecylinder.
13. If a thin and finite length fin, insulated at its tip is used, derive the expression for temperature
distributioninthefinandtheheattransferfromthefin.

LastDateforSubmission:ONorBefore19
th
August2013