-:gie 1-]

\\1ren uput
te:

" ;;;'ij':;;"''
b. ,,o, : i,(\
R,

F rcuj

Frcuit

are open

circui

;o

[1ten outu
te.minas l-e
sho-circied

Flr circuit a.

lsc :

s(

t)

f ,Rz

o =

10

mvx

F uivalency

x'l+l:9'9mV
J0

10 mr,.

10

+l : 9'1mV
:
R. 1162
o:10mVx'1l :
5 mV
f R.: 1
o: 70 mvx 10
lll - '91v

Rs

Forcircuitb.. :
(r)

R-.1-r(r)

10

zs(r)

807o of source
vltage

x 80 =8mV
f gives 8
mV when Rs :
1 -r, f:,

10

mv

: 10'#h=+R.:4L

Figure . a

F.x:7.4 Using current

divider

ls

Figure .lb

Ex:1.2

Rs
Vor=V,

l).,.

io=i.tx
Given
For

Voc
'sa

10

: mV

For

=lk
Rs

= SQ)x
-

Given zr(r)
f

R. =

1OO

RL

Rr-R,

10

( =

10

, Rs =

mV

and

R. --

iO k,

-9.

Ex: 1.3 Using voltage

divider

"(t)

Rs
Rs + Rz.

R = 1k,7 =

t0 mV

R:yi

= 10

Rs:lk

11

1OO

)X#:9.9

i _

10

x _-]QQ-

1+i6

For

R:1OOk,;r:1
oX]r*:5
For
R : |
io = 0 x
.-=-]9Q-K
'n.
lUK+4
-O.9

;.,.
:,ffi
8:lOX
R

;,;-*T.
lgo

0;?;

= 25k

;.:":,:,,",

xercise 1-2

:
I : +:
#
:2f: 2 103 rad]s
Ex:1.5

l: 1 V+D : 001
:2V=+D:0010
1: 15 V+D : 1111

10OHz

(b)

r : l __ r
.

l0_'

(c)

1.

V (ii)

(b) (i) + I

Ex:1.6\T_1:] -- 16'7 ms
t u6s

V (iii) +4 V (iv)

+2

OoOs

- +'-_ ls
to

Ex: 1.10Votage gain

Current gain
Power gain

x: 1.7 f 6 MHz is allocated for each channe,

Mz to 806 Mz will accomodate

Ex:1.11

56 channes

Ex:1.8

: ]l]lar
TJR

'

:1r7'xr-v2
TR'R

_"!x(l

with

:lx-J-

1+1
2

_Af'_lg 1'l.)
]5 q]
--i

: 6.25
v,:0.5Vand

;,'

Qrr

the energy of the square wave

mena] and he hird harmnic(a)

D can represent 5 distinct values

between 0 and +15 V. Thus,

o:0V+D:000

is

P,

Rj

t
"

''11 X

mW

^'

x 0.5

6.25
0.25

l01g,,

0.25

P, : ,i,,

and,

:
-_-lJlM+1M
0.5

R,,

6.25 mW

O.2-5

0.5 A

and,
D

f.
R +

Pi

Thus.

in he first three harmonics; that is, in the funda-

Ex: 1.9

15%

')2 - ,O

lO

(A =P-J

where

Facian of energy in first nine harmonics

X_

10

owerain

-os

1_ | r I -' ):
e 25 49 8l)

(O

0.252

: -12d8

= 0'g]

Fraction f ener_y in first seen harmonics

\ote hat 90vc of

l-

Voltage gain =

Fractin of ener-y in first five harmonics

-.l[,=,

-'

xrxffi:0.25v

p':o:
.R,

.81

25)

,,x-,

the buffer ampifier:

Ri

appraches rr2 / 8; thus P becomes v2 / R as

ound frm direct caculatin.
Fraction ofenergy in fundamental

1\

102 mW

*,
120

-_

_ | X- ji-X

"

t can be shown by direct caculation that the

infinite series in the parentheses has a sum that

8(. |
-,.,'t 9

18 mW

1n+10-

P, - ulR _

1+l
, I-, )
9 25'49 ')

,.'\'

l2OmW

- l8 :

120

x l
-3
Pr,

,__l

P: P |P{+P5+...
(4V\2 l /4 \,-!-r14y1, I,
"
\
"';) R' .]J-l n \r5) R'

= 8/2

\'r

x: l.12

Alterativey,

Pljssjpaled
)

-O.]

: 20 log 1 : Jo dB
: 20 log 10 : 6o,lB
: 10 l_. : 1O g r.4 '4
: l0l-s l05 : dB

: 15X8 :

P,,,.

o -_ --:'
6/"D\2
r
-

4 to channe 69

,r

_5O

Since it starts with channel 14, it wi go from

channe

is

D is 5 V; thus D -_ OlOl. he error

*0.2l 5.2 x 100 :
-4

then 470

+8

(c) The cosest discrete vaue represented bv

1O_r
X l ''
44 d

25

103

r'

Exercise 1-3

This figure belclngs t Exercise 1.t5

Ex: 1.13 open_circuit

(n load) output

7),
_ 1)./'\x_!x-l-.L
'l
11" oi, oi, us

output vltage with lad connected

l.
''u ' R*

O.s

Ex: 1.14 A,,,,

P,'

ff:

22
-ai
--

A-_+
'-P
Pi

40

dB

O.25

J,)' /

_.,

25O

Us

818z,

818X 1

7'

ForV":1mV

V'r:

744

X t mV

818mV

'\"
2'''l
/._^_^_
oi oiz oi,

:0.909 X 90.9 X 9.9 0.909

,.

:'
'
L _
L"

V/V

100

(l,'""'fin)'

:,l, x (lo"
n
l/

Forvr:1mV

Ro

=-!_-I Rn
Ro+

:9O.9X9.90.909

:818 V/V

RL

:A

7,

744

744m

2.5|

Ex: 1.17 Using voltage ampifier model, it can be

represented as

o-OO

: 2!a| 10

2.5 lO4v//vy

10logo _ 44 d

Ex: 1.15 Without

t:

Stag 3 (see

figure above)

R;:1M
R,: 10
Ano : A,,l Anz:

(]+*),.{-ffi-)

100
, rol
'\00 + l K/)

U0
us

(0.909)(1)(0.991)(10o1.o909)

Ex:1.16 Given l"

mV

r'

0.99 5

o"

: 2r}
^
V.,l
"

v.

For,:1-'
oi, - 9 * r, :

:
:

81.8

Vo __ R'

vS Ri+Rs "A
ForR.: 1

Overall voltage gain

I : oro, so
-

9.9 X 90.9

9{:n

\''\'

The overal voltage gain

0.909X 1

9.9X0.909

0.99mV

g/

lM+l00
FrR.: l00

gO

Overal voltage gain

IMrl00K

sOO

R+R.

l
l0r10 =

409

1000 :

00l0

8tO V/V

.'. Range of voltage gain is frm 49 to 810 V/V

9X 1

9 mV

Exercise 1-4

Ex:1.18
i
R/.

( +1)

.Rs

ii :

,:

ib

'S-,

R'= =
A.
=
- nis,ir+R1

i.

a,.iroL.
. ,#k'

lo

i1,rn+ ( + 1)ibRe

:i6lrn+ ( + 1)R.]
But ,,

Thus.

,R.Ro
- ,.-s
^ Ri Ro { R,
i
x: 1.19

: ,

. :y! -- i,

,.tu

and
\J
ib

i, :

-- r"

x1.22

f
10 z
lO kz
10 kz
1Mz

Ri

R6

ii
+

'

thus

( l)R"

Gain

6 dB
40 dB
20 dB

0dB

Ri

,,:

t,srt-.aR,

G^i(R,

1)S

11

Rt,)

=c,,,#E(Roll

R.)

Thus,

:
"!
us
-.

Ri
.^
G',-.o,(Ro11 R')
l

ircuit mode1 the

Ex: 1.20 Using transresistance
circuit will

Ex:1.23

be

R, G,

Ru

Rvv,,

vo

G'vilR,
G-V

i,

Rs

Ro R

Ri+RS

c'-l

"'R,.+

G-

Ro

R,

Rs

LP tYPe'
which is of the STC
DC gain

'=?:'-n'-RL
or"&'*-7
Ro

R,

Vn
j: Voui'' : n'tr;;-*" o37,
''
^Rs-R.
:.n.
+-& Rt + Ro

Now

11

ftus.fvi :

R'

--

R'

1 l +sCt

o: R.i;,-.*n,
.,
o

11

G' =
1-* Ro RL

xercise 1_5

l+1=9.:
Ro RL 100
1
R'=O.1 - 50 1

R. =

10 :0.1 m/V

10

.8m/V
12.5

*
* | )= 2x 1ookHz
.." - L(!
C\ Ro R
'')
(t*l)
\50, l' 12. , lO'/ :
6', =
159.2 pF
"
2 1o5

x l.?

Ret'er t Fi_e. E1.23

V,:
R,
vs R,l,R,
' sC

R,
Rs+Ris-

,
I

C(Rs I Ri)

which is a P STC function.

"1
,',JUD- 2c(Rs

C>

+ R,)

<l00z

2(1 +9)1O3X10

0.16 F

rerci- ]_

herefre:

x:2|l'

The minimum number of teminas required by a

single op amp is five: two input teminals, one ouut
termina1, one terminal fr positive power supply and
one terminal fbr negative power supply.

The minimum number of terminas required by a

quad op amp is 14: each op amp requires two
input terminals and one output terminal (accounting for 12 terminals fr the four op amps)' n
addiion, the four op amp can all share one terminal for positive power supply and one terminal fo
negative power suPPlY.

x 2.2
Equation afe 7\

: ilz-

xia

: A(r-

U. Ui.,n __

a)

ur1

-o.o2v:-2mv
lia : az- al : -(-0.002) : +.002v
:2m
o,"^ : !r(- 2mv + o) : -1 mv

b) -1O

t3(5

Ui,J: ilz-

at:

r)

,,.. - i(1. | z| -

5'01

- 5V

'(5.!

I,

: A(2- )

l. r
or. :
1||
3'6

5.O1

2'

1O3[r-

1.002

1.O2)

-4

: -4

mV

1rl.z + .998) __
2'

and

10 wehave:
1O

10

X O :

1Oa

V/V oreqiva-

lently 80 dB

x2.4

The gain and input fsistance of the inerting

amptitier circuit shown in Figure 2.5 are

Thus:

Rz

: 10X

10k

There[ore. we have:

1o

1tr

: 1M

Ex: 2.5

R=10k

(-3'6)]

103(z+ 3'6)

-3.6 V

Ex:2.3

}'. _ pV,, and

(G,nVz- G,V)R - G.R(V':- Vt)

Frm Figure 2.3 le have:

lv

R,'

: |
,, li

:()

. i.e..

oupu is open circuit

The negative input terminal of the op amp, i'e',

is a irtual grund, thus V, = Q

Vo:Vi-Rii

n:vol
'''
i'

1l

m/V

V: 1mV
+ 5) : 5'005 v

- -3.6036 V
:
!z- a : - 3'636- (-3'6)
ai
: -0.036 V : -3.6 mV
1. -L U2) : -:.0 t 3'6)l
,,., - j{',,,

V,1

10

+ .fz

G. :

0'01

l](.qg

ad : il2- U : 0.998

:
:

For

From Table 1.1 we have:

c)

d)

: G,R.

;rtr

_f2 : -10+Rr :
Rl

t-#:

U1
: |z- -

That is he openJoop gain of the op amp

-&Rr andR, respectively.

Rl : 10 k and

');

\u'

V. : G,R(Vr- V')

|i,,:

:0-Rii-

-Rl,

- ryi:-R=R,:-R
i

: -10k
V'

R'' vi

and y;is a irlual ground 1=01'

O*R,:
thusR,:9:
i

Since we are assuming that the op amp in this

transresistance amplifier is ideal, the op amp has
zero output resistance and therelbre the output
resistance of this transresistance amplifier is also
zero. That

is R

xercise2_2

R= 10k

0.5

Corrrecting the signal source shown in Figure

E2.5 to the input of this amplifie we have:
is a virtual ground that is = 6, thus the currert

x:2.7

flowing through the 10

Dected bet''veen

: V: -5V

Vo

k resistrcon-

and ground is zero. Threfore

R X 0.5 m

: 0- 10K

0.5 m

For the circuit shown above we have:

,, : (ff v,+v')

Since it is required that

Vo

*(V

5v).

We rvant to have:

&:
/{r

F-x:2-6

and&:
R,

t is a1so desired that for a maximum output voltage of 10 V the current in the feedback resistr
does not exceed 1 m.

Therefore
1 m
'o=u
Rf =

=+

.2
+ ''
R. >
J !9J
lm

l k

Leuschoose R/ tbe Ok.then

Rr

is a virtual gound' thus = Q

t-t
- 1V*Y, :,-,):m
i::
'
Rl
k

Rr

0kandn,

: ru

Ex:2.8

ssuming an ideal op amp, the current flowing

into the negative input terminal of the op amp is
zero. Therefore, iz : i + i2 : 1 m

Vo: V-i2R2:0*
: _10v

i,::
' R,

1mX 1k

'0=v lk
io : i- iz : - 10mA- 1 m : -11 mA
y9*IOv:
Voltageain:
-l0V/V
lv - rv
*gmA

or 2 dB

_-.-l_ _
-10mA - *r0/
l, - m

Current gain
or 20 dB

&*--t(-lma):t00,,W

'.

: (ft)(ff),,- (-ft)" - (ff)*

We want to design the circuit such that

Vo -- 2V{+ V2* 4V3

Thus we need to have

(ft)(ff)

:,

ft)ft)

: l ,n
,:

r 20 dB

From the above three equations, we have io Find

six unknown resistors, therefore, we can arbitrarily choose three of these resistors. Let us

Noe tha power gain in dB is Io "c Ol&l.

Then

ower gain

Pi

1VX1m

choose:
rye

have

R,: T

e hare (reler

: l:2.5k

|':

'Rr 10 '_ 2=Rl _ 5k

(ft)(ff) '_ 2'="
lk

(ft)(*,) -l*0Xl0_-l=R"_
R2 0

Using the supe position principle, t ]nd he con-

tribution of , t the output voltage

g,

we

St V2 =

6V

o find he contribution of V, o Vo we set

V| _- v' - 0. hen: vo _- 4v2

To find the contribution ol V3 to V, we set

V : V:

v.
'U

x2.9

fexercise 2'9):

to the so]ution

, then

19 v,
-elk

-ev,

Combining the contibutions ol V1,V2 and Vj t

Vswehave: Vo

- 6Vt+4Vz 9Vt

'x: 2.11

9k

3k
The V* (the voltage at the positive input ofhe op

ampis:

V,- fiUt 1

10x

0.6v1:6v,

To find the contributin of V2 to the ]utput vtage V we set

Then v*

yl

= 0.

: -2-v, z-

0.4 vz

-a

ence

,, :

(, *

ffi)r-

v,

| ,- R'

Rr

: 1 V
i:10A.

0.6Vr

Thus

u": (tnffi)r. :

Vo _V

__

l=R' -

_-

z=
(1

R:

then it is desired that

Thus.

lV
', _ R, 'R.l -- lA=R,r R,
Rl+R2: lMand
R: Rz+Rl : R2 _ 0'5M

-,1=0V'
lU

xz2.l2
1

X 0'4v2

-- 4v2

a)
R2

Combining the contributions of v1 and 2

T V we have V, : 6V l + 4V'

Ex: 2.10

9k

Vo

_ A(V,- )=+v

v^
iz: i_-o,

v3

v)

3k
Using the super psition princip1e. to flnd the con_ V l - 0 Then
tributionof V, V.weset V

I +R,i R,
g+ ---_v:

^
tO _
v,'

1+R,/R,
'./ --t
'
t

I + R2lRr
A

vo
A

(1 *)v
: V-^Vo:
--R: \R, Rt)
R,

,,: ('.ft)r,

vl

'

: (' .

ft)(',

-2)=

(r + Rr/ R')V
=)G

1 + R2lRr

+ R"/R,
t*--f
1

Exercise 2-4

{blForRl : 1k andR2 : 9k theideal

dre
IO-

or he clsed-oop gain

ff :

1O3 then

G:

G:

9.901 and

-0.99o

G -_l0
IO0

.-

+ 2. that is

is t

The actual closed-loop gain is

10

t*f;

FbryI : ,

Vo

9.99ande

: GXV, :

x:.2.14
(a) load voltage

1k

-1

Fory/ : 1, Vo: GX V, : 9.9o1 and

|'o : A(V*- Y )+Vt-V : s : 2
A 100

- 9.9 mV
f : la then G :

, 10rn
- i,0 -voiL - 10X10
P v 1X 1O -

xlV - lmV

(b) lad voltage

= 1V

Ex:2.15

*o.1

9.99,

therefore,

t'--v :vo:

:0.999mV-tmV

10"
=
f : 15 then G : 9.999 and
: -o.01o
FV: 1, vo :GX:9.999thus,

l'--v

:
'2
10,

:Vo:

-0. mV

o.oeeee

mv

(a)

R,

2k, Rz= R= 2 k

Since RalR3 = R2/R1we have:

Ao:

#,:

fr:

(b)Rid= 2Rr=2 X

$:

lozv

2k=4k

Since we are assuming the op amp is ideal

Ex:2.13

Ro=0

:oA'V:Vl:1V,
i,:.'=__g-ImA
' 1k 1k
i: i:1m,
"

<-

(c)

A".:

*:

kt'E'-ftft)

()
: l lt,l-&R'')
R|R4)
',Rrl\
' /

9k

&-2

:R:

Rt

&*r
R3

The worst case common-mde gain "- happens

when|".| has its maximum value.

fthe resistori hae

haeo,o,(

Vo

: V+i29k : l +1X9 :

:
i,:
' !*:
1k J
1k

io

: ir+ i, :

++

l,m,

1114

,ol

or2OdB

l-

l(3not( | +

1OV

|o

tolerance, we

0.0l)

& R4nom(l + 0.o )

0.I)= Rr= R:,o,(l - 0.l)

where R3no- and R4oo- are nomina vaues for R3

and R4 respectively. We have :
R3no- = 2 k and Rarom 200 k, thus,
=

_ 2O X l.O1
X I.ol - Rj - 2xa

20 X 0.99

98.02=

Ro

\=ror.a
,{r

xerci:e ]_5

Simlarly.

\,ve

,(op Amp2)

can sho\ry ha

98.2<R'=102.02
R
ence.,RI
- 102.02< _

R'-

-98.02

_4=Ro R,=+=l&
R1 Rr
lR,

__

Stl=q

Rrl

2 -

Rl

.,

otc that the worst case

&:
R.

happens when

_
"Rr },

C\IRR

theretbre, thecrresponding value

for the worst case

.* is

o1'

we require

A,-Rt
"R, - loand
R'1 : 2R1 : 20k+Rr _ 10k() and
R, _ A,,R, : 1 X 10 k : 10o k
There1bre, Rr : R., : lk and
Rz' : R : 1 k
x:2.17
Given V,..

-5

: lsint mv
2R1 : 1k, R2 _
R: : R+: 10k

5.005 sint)

_5O

<

0'0l-st

1ko

The voltage a the output ol op amp 2

?\''l

2Rt

(5 + 5.005sint)V
-_

',l:"-r-+ R,_ ,,r;"' + |0

R]

!un,
2"'

- ls
2

5.OO5 sin.1

(2.5 + 2.502_5 sint)V

(op mp A.) : V*(op

: (2.-5 + 2.5025sint) V
: R^/+ R.\
"n tl ,,'d

Amp

-,)

.5

- !1r^*

10.l sint V

Ex: 2.18

Vift)

1r+

,(+)-

lv
1

l:r^-!lro:50.005 sint

k\ 0-5 M()/
: 1(1 + 10) X .1sinot

J,',V,*ld'

The waeforms for one period of the input and the

ouput signals are shown belw:

1)1t

sin

l0 k(1 * 0'5 M) x O.O|sin

We choose R: = Rr and R. = R2 Then fbr the

circuit to behave as a diference amplifie with
a gain of 10 and an input resiStance of 20 k

0.0l sint

'.'R: : R+: tk

xz 2.16

-O.OO5

rc2'02

_"1nrl]_
C\IRR _ 26
-l..l - z losl92:92
" 0.04 =
C\'RR _ 20lg(255.5) -68dB

,(op,\mp 3)

he diflerential gain Aa f the amplifier

is._1,,

Utt

V^.: tl,'+R'

4
1 + 98.02

q.zur&

: (5

Rrl

R.
+--:

l,,,: V,,-R.]t
' 2Rt

n the wrst case

l&l

12

5 + 0.0_5sint

-The t volt$e at the utput of p amp .

,,,

Therefore,

lR-t

1)cl

_ Vz:

'Ol

,ir.

rr,,O

:5+0.005sintV
(op mp1) _ V,,

.005sint V

Exercise 2-6

x:.2.20

lms

\n,*,

(+)o-J

VoG)

"
I ms

1
l

(-R

C:

10 dt

-1

')'l0Xlms

s the input capacitance of this

CR : 10 2 s (thetime

constant of the differentiator), thus,

R:

lmsX0.5ms
r

differentiator.Wewant

CR

.01

10'
0.1

:lM

From equation (2.57),le know that the transfer

functin of the differentiatof iS of the form

].1y

Vo(jw)
V,(.i',)

_ iCR

Thus, for w : 10 rad / s the differentiator transfer function has magnitude

v" (+)

- lOx
l&l
v,l

: -90'
For w _ O3

". -:-:

resistance of this inverting integrator is

_:.:::re.

-. .-:

R : 1k

.]esired integration time cnstant

' ..

,.e have:

CR :

'koS:.1
: - r:lti

.: l

10-3

uF

on (2.5) he transfer function f this

o_2

_ 0.lviv

andphase

rad / s the differentiator transfer

unctin has magnitude

lY"l = lolx lo
lv,l

: lov/v

andphase

-9"

f we add a resistor in series with the capacitr c

imit the high frequency gain of the ditferentiatr
to 100, the circuit would be:

iS:
I

jCR

10 ad /

the integratof transfer

: as magnitude

=
: "

l0 X 1

, :

: lradls

- -... r-iagnitude

1X1

'

100

V/V

and phase

theintegratortransferfunc-

t high fequencies the capacitor C acts like a

short circuit. Therefore, the high-frequency gain
f this circuit

--ll0

is:

RL

o limit

the magnitude

of

this high-frequency gain to 100, we should have:

_.: J.]f,ion (2.53)

the frequency at which the
:.-:. : gain magnitude is unity is

- I

(+)

lO0Orad/s

R -lM4-r=R,:
_ l00
l|
00

lOk

Exercis 2-7

xz2.21

Slope= Ao=104V/V

9Vl(mv)

x2.23

V: V
V'o: '-'
Vto: V,-Vot-V-

ctua1 p amp

whenV*=V-=0then
V,o : O- 5 mV : -5 mV' This inPutoffset

v1

v2

voltage causes an offset in the voltage tansfer

charJcteristic. Rather than passing through

yos
origin, it is now shifted to the left by

the

x2.22

From equation (2.41) we have:

,M :

SR

2Vn-u"

l5.9l5 kz

5.9

kHz

with
Using equation (2.42), for an input sinusoid
fruency f : 5 f

"'themaximumpossible
at the utput
amplitude that can be accommodated

vo: Vt
Vra: Vr-Vt
V,s: V*-Vo'-V_

fbr the ffn order t have zero differential input

need
we
0)
set-free op amp (i.e.' V* - V- =

Vl

: V'-v

:
-Vos : -5mV -5mV

is:
Thus. the transfer characteristic V versus 6

without incurring SR distortion is:

V_ Vo^^'(*)-

lOX{:

zleal

\
V,7(rnV)

Exercise 2-8

].]J
' _ ::_lirn(2,44) we have:
- '. R. - 1"R.
- .,n-\X1M:.1 V
_

x:.2.26

---!.1tion (2.46) be aue f resistor

Frm equation (2.28) we have:

R.1

: -: series with psitive input t minimize

-'.

-+_+_.]aHz

-.] _ tset vltage) is:

D _ R'R. - okXM
' Rl +R2 10k+1M

_J

=,:k
- ].]k - 1k
- - .. alue of R3 the new vaue of the output
.=:c r using equatin (2.41))is:

-,' .R] : 10nX 10k-0.0l v

w,

, -

Anu'u=+

Af = f n

we know

logAo:
f6-|5z
20

16 and f

,:

: L'

un

3 Mz,therefre

By definition the pen-oop gain (in dB) at

r(indB)-3 : 106-3 :

3dB

is:

To flnd the pen-lp gain at frequency/we can

use equation (2.31) (especiatly when/>>/6 which
is the case in this exercise) and write:

t1
,'

.-

ur,on i2..541 we have:

Open-loop gain

],'-g,=12:2mv+2mv/
(K

Therefre:

ms

llV-2mV... lmS-6D=l _

al- z oe(L\
"\.f I

6D

open-loop gain a

z roffi :

:100 H =

8O

dB

Open-loop gaitr at .l kHz =

zroffi:60dB

open-lop gain a

z roffi :

l2kHz=
48 dB

open-loop gain a 6O kHZ

2o

los'],M'
-60
kHz

.]4

dB

x:2.27

:
.

- '. 'eedback resistor RF to have at least

'.

..l outpt signal swing aaiable, we have

*:- - iue that the

output votage dle t V5 has

.:-

.: .

:UJe l at most 2 V' From equation (2.43)'

j' hat the output dc votage due to v,qis

'
*-

tr

---------

.!.1

R/

- l00=R. -

' - 3 frequency
': -r.:rl':

I0M

The wavefrms fr one period o1 the input and the

utput signa1s are shown below:

lv

CRo

:,_ . RC : ms and
: = o=C:
.1 F
I

lk()/

of the resulting STC

().

Vi(+)

l FX lOM

: 1rad/s

F.xercise 2-9

\yr(*)
slope=sR
We hae

-20

^i nls

: --l1
CRJ,,

10 dr
tr

:J 20:---!x10x
1

CR

1ms

CR: X1ms:.5
Since dc gain of the op amp is much larger than
the de gain of the designed nn_inverting
amplitier, we can use equation(2.35).
Therefre:

' and l l &

,R2R
tf

r,,. _

__ l ur

-Rr

2z

ence ,

2z
100

x:.2.29

For the input votage step of magnitude V the ut_

put waveform will still be given by the exponential wavetbrm of equation(2.40)

f w,V SR

JL
ThaisV=S-4=y=

2n[,
.1

l.6

0.

lV/S

lX

l.6

1.28 s

Ex: 2.30

x:2.28

-9X

*,:

20

f':

''

V,

thus, the largest possible input vlt-

age step is 0.16 V.

From ppendix F we knw that the 10 to 90

rise time f the output wavefrm of the fbrm of
equation (2.4) is

Thus, r,'

t, - 2.2L
t

0.35 s

f an input step f amplitude 1 .6 V ( 1 0 times as

large cmpared to the previous case) is applied,
th the output is slew-rate limited and is linearly
rising with a slope equal to the slew-rate' as
shwn in the follwing figure.

From equatin (2.4l ) we have:

15.915

kz - 15.9kz

2V o
^^"
Using equation (2.42), for an input sinusid with
frequency

f :

5f

',themaximumpssibe

ampitude that can be accommodated at the output

wihou incurring SR disorion is:

( ' \- X1 - 2v peak)
t,
vomal\1)
Vo:_ I/
'"' s -..r--.-.

Exercise 3-1

lu

b. Time taken to crss

.^''.]
tu)

e^

1'l2t). x62

1n-5

sl.1

1,

. . , -.^ r,l
j)
-i-\(

,:,t/cm

r i. -

-1'1_s

12t12

. , h2. 1n 5 .

1.5

1r/cm3

cncentration

11

= ]]
=-

-:

l0\1

/cm3

D,,

35

"*'/,

35

Dn

35

110a121m;2/s

1081m;2/s

.^s
lum

qD'

_ lm _
J"

lO'
56

_:l8um:

/ml:

1
lxl04

'.
:

6.75

m : lO-acm
X

101 m/s

LP

uV

1350 X 25.9

X 1

= 35 cm2ls

Do :

|,E

cm/s

15/(m)3

:1.6x1Or9x35X18X15
: _56 10'6 A/(m;2
_ 56 A/(m)2
For1, : 1m: JnxA

_,

1o

o'.dn(x)

o'--V

, ',".

_ :

J- :

Using equation 3.21

- :': - :-::it\ e si-Sn indicates that electrons

, lirection oppSite t E
:-_

= trnn "-driff

Ex:3.6

1'5/cm3

-. _'*_ :

---------------l-)
10-

Er" -i4

/cm2

1Oa

no

=A

"t
-^r,r
r{1

1.08

Driff current

J":

- a,:

= :

d.

dn j lOs-0-:
-dr1

16

:.

, lrl
_ .._'Y.l^ : l.5XlOa/cm]

--

.a,,1

From Figure E3.5

.1Orl)r

i r i"l
j 1 {' ': :

Il - : :'--_

1v
2x 10

Ex3.5

11/cm3

-l
lll/C

'

qno

: Aqnpn
:0.25X1O8X1.8X14
:27A
Nte 0.25 m2 _ O.25 X ]0 8 cm2

_ .rj /cm

- :

/?i at

.^.,

i.l

= 1.6x 1o-9x1O6x135X

.::')

r:--.:-

c. n n-si drifcurrent density Jn in

Jn

,l
CM

-_

__ 21". -3ps
6.75 / t}l

lengh

i:\l

2 m

uV1
12.4

cm2

Ex:3.7
Equation 3.26

480 X 2_5.9

ls

X 10

|-

\eclse

increase.
s one can see frm above equatin' t
carrier-concentratin (pn) by a factol'f

?(#),.

w2

'"

_1-,

minority

=+(H#)""
_ Ir(:): (#c--

N,

Ex:3.10

: n"|(ffi-k)

Equatin 3.14

)w'

Np

n a p+ n dide 1 >>

D,,an. D"

'

since

Ex:3.8

l,) by

(=

then'n"'"''

similar values, if N >> Np,

We can neglect
since Na >>

fi

as Cmared

to

fi

Np

ltes .t,1

Ot

" _

t,:

,#--

li-

quaion 3.28. ,
since N1 >>

quation 3'29.

QJ:

- lq.
/va
-

on'?(#".:fr^)

1o

|.45 X 1O-I1

'r,

=w#: ,,(r&J

1.6

x lo

^r#+fo)

W since

re

(1.5

1or)2

';''
'ol..",lI

.rru":1.45X10
: .2 m

e >> o

lx: 3.12

Q''

:- --3'' \l'" )'l+

lol'/
i '" ^' ,

: A"lflNDv
Ex:3.9
nexample3'5'

No :

n,'
--.j-

1Ol8icm3 and

0'166 m

jO8la + 2l
:- -J91+i
-L\lo'*
lorn/
i *"r '"

1l6/cm3
(1

w:

16/cm3

: N:

|'66 X 1-5 cm

Ob5}

Ex:3.13

juction dide
n the n_region of this pn

..

r(ru'u'-\)

l'

AqN oW

Equatin 3.30,

nn

#-,

.[
'o
";;

,\'/)

7fr

Ex:3.11

-{qN,

quation 3.21

,D^
AQni-L,

.'' s=

here apProximatelY

can be neglected as comPare

the,"r*

facto of 2'

2' one must lower

.5 ,< lO")2 __ 2'25 ,

ln

6.8

1O-5

cm

Using equation 3.29

l

a/cm]

o,: oo(##J*

.608 m

Exercise 3-3

= !,i_j X

1-6

1O_19t#$

,,e,erse Current :

l'X

tr

1.6

s : on":(+r".:ft;)

-t, x

11.5

10t";'

quation 3.51

10x1O_4x

-_] 1O'15

L2^

- (5 x 510-4)2
:25ns
Equation 3.57

18

It)

"( 5X 1 4X1O16+
:

Ex:3.16

pC

9_63

X 6.08 X l_5 cm

: (-r),

1018

",

n example 3.6'

_L{

o :

ilrrli 3.zE,

T7

('--#)(#')
:

3"1pF
m;n 3.47
Cto

;; Vo

'n
_r.f

t,,'

10'12
2

OS14

: -2 PF
f,b

f,-15

_- cQ
(L'-,
_
,J'- dv' '

$'. x r1evl - 111

: :-ls'dv'
!'u'u'- l'1
L
: -.
' -'
"u'u,
: '" "au,u,
'_
l
=')
t -,

1018/cm3

1016/cm3

1'o:

25 ns

2s x lo-'q_)o.t
\zs.q x to-r/

...c.:
" r

Assuming No >> N

:'4

l{.:-

96.5

pF

x to-r

rercise 4-1

(c)

Ex: 4.1

conRefer to Fig 4.3(a). 1br V, > ' the diode

Thus
ducts and presents a zero ltage drop'
: V For V, ( O, the diode is cut-off' zero
V

cuffent

flo\/S through

R and

V6 :

0 ' The

1:0 t

in Fig E4'1
results is the transfer characteristic

x:.4'2

see Figure 4.3a and 4'3b

diode
rring ,t positive half of the sinusoid' the

"
in
is fortiarcl biased, so it conducts resulting
input sigofthe
half
:
negatie
the
Duing
0
, o
The diode does
na1 1' the dioJe is reese blased'
flwing in the
current
n
in
resulting
nt cnduct

: o and UD

circuit. S .'o

7)o

-5
(d)

in Figure E4'2
Thrs esls in the ravefotm shown

Ex:.1.3

.to-

i,,

_ 10v
1k

dc component

1: -

_Ll
l

3.18

of

: 0+51
L5

_ l0 mA

ro =

:2mA

1^

-o

-5

1
- l

(e)

3
xz 4.4

Vo:3

(a)

1V

2.5

5-o:2*A

2.5

v:0v
1k
(b)

'f'

t: 5-1
1

4mA

+3V

7:lV

+2
2.5

ko

+lv
Ex:4.5

v:5V

v^r: i1l

10-

:
so+R : !
lmA
.'.R:3.133k

Exercise 4-2

;.

*.r

:3 '.1oc(f)
V, :

-:"eraure

_ 10k

-->
+

VCC_

25 mV

vD

- rrx2sx10'"'"*(#)
Vr_V,:2.3XVrlogl'\

Vz: V.2.3
'

\t,)

First:iteration

]/o 25

= j.J X 10

v.og(b\

V,

16

x zs x tO_rlogq4)
'\/

o.7 + 2.3

Second iteration

-_,m

- 1] _
!t

2.5

x l0_:

lnr 'l
\6-9

X lO ')
x ro '''l

,:5*0'679:0'432mA
10k

v2

= r.\

-: . ],l ,/ OX lO 1\
69 X il'/

o.i

+ 2.3

0.679 V

x to

2.s.3

0.68

r,o*[o''132)

'\ 1 l

we get almost the same votage

.'.

The iteraion yields

o.43

m,

V, :

0.68

b. Use constant voltage drop mode

l^
"

jJ
1_0.7

I0 k

cnstant votage drop

.4_]

drop at 1 m

Ex:4.11
.i

'

lv
_-lu
Imo
^: ::1 erse leakage current

'

--

't]

doubles fr

jncrease, at 4"C

.:4A
-]XlM:4.0v

,':1u
4'
x1

0.2.5V

;ui J li'l

-:

.3:lt1on
,- ]
V drop at

,,

, .*.,-- - 0.7V

m current.

1m: /-se
: rro'' V, _

o'1/V

-::. rn J.5 and note that

-\'.

Dides have 0'7

.'.

.,k
::

1r

1m

=.:

1i -

6.91

25 mV

X 1

16

O.679

xercise 4_3

Fo an utput voltage of 2.4' the voltage drop

across each dide

:
- j
3

(d)

o. u

Now /, the current through each diod is

: se

^-

'

6.9t

'"e
X l0 'o

.*(:s

' t''

3)

54.6 m

10-2-4

2.5

545lO-t

+'r#

:1.72m1^

:139

-5V

xz 4.|2

(e)

(a)

3V

5V

v:3*0.7

2
2.5

'#

:7.72mA

:2.3

1V

+
V

:0.7

(0

(b)

5V

1:oAt*

2.5

v-1+0.7
:1.7V

+3V

+2
I

v_5

+1V
Ex:4.13

V,

"

(c)

/p : 0'1 mA

1o:lmA
1o

10mA

:0A

fa:
f=

25X10 3 :250
O.1

1'3

2570-3
lX1''

25X l0_]
1 X |O_'

f,---".,")

"

25
4

x:4.14
For small signal model, using equation 4.1 5

-5V

D
: -' r'uo

"
^^

- b.^u^
V,

(|)

Exercise 4-4

l:,:1:nia mde1

b.

: i l]/vr

For

vlvT
:-: ir, : iore
jt

\2)

c.

: :'__:inS (1) and (2) results and using

-i

'l\-

1V(mV) ir(m) ir(m)

small
signal

.
.
:

-10
-5
+5
+'l

vt\

drop across each

o.zsv

re

\'. iage

r: #^ - --j___-] :4lx l
,

iot

I_

.
t)
' :-'.:mi:l:lm

dide_

vlv''

ia:
=

V, :

expo.

model

-0.4

-0.33

-0.2

_.18

+0.2

+0.22

+o.4

+0.49

nA

,o'7525.l

"

lf iD_ 5-i':5-1:4m

crss each diode the oltage dop is

v"

vr"(?)

:25xlo
:

0.1443

,Xnr 4X l-j )
\4.'7 x lo tol

Voltage drop across 4 dides

:4xo.7443:2.97'7

sochangeinVo

2.9'77

23 m

Ex:4.16
For a zener diode

V'o1- rr,
10:V,n+0.1 X50

V9
I

: 9.5
Forlr:5n,4
V.,,

+1-5V

vo _

9.5 + 0.05 X

50

9.75

x:4.17

5.6

0to

2OmV

-.:::blem *

i,' -

'-' . ::.j1

si_qna

t m

- il
_;_ .. _

,"

"

The minimum zener cuffent should be

5Zk:5X1

--.-- Jjde ,',.4

-

]5
-<

m,\

25mV

"

5 ()

5m.

Since the load cuent can be as large as l5 m,

we should select R s that with = 15 mA, a
zener curent of 5 m is available. Thus the cur_
rent should be 2 mA Leading to

: 15
2

2.4k

mA

- ro,

resistance f the ur diodes

20

15

5.
m

4-70 dL

Maximum po'er dissipated in the diode occurs

when 1.= Q i5

P...:

]X

]X_,.6: 112mV

Exercise 4-5

Ex:4.19

Ex:4.18

15V

t no lad Vz

5.1

FR LNE REGULATON
a.

The diode starts conduction at

Vo:

" =

0.7

: V5sinot, here V, : 12[2

Att:
ur: Vrsin : vD: o.'7
12J1sin : 0.7
: sin _( 0'l 1 -- ,.o"
u,

Line Relati on

o
i

For Load Regualation:

200+1

33.s

\tzfil

Cnduction Starts at and stops at 18

.'. Total conduction angle

180

'

175.2"
(_)

b.oo.u"e:

:
vro
rz

Vo

'

-,'r,

rffiV

- -/;A

* | rvrsin-V,)d

;
- y..os
=!_[
2'

Vo lt _

'

: lIy.cos - /rcos( - 1 - Vo(

2' '
But cos - 1, cos(' - ) - _1 and
-2 -
2V, VD
"o.a8 2
: vt

-vo
1
For v, : l2"D

andvD

0rt - 0.7
: j-:-l:
? :'z

uo^un

o!7

5.05 V

2)1

Exercise 4-6

'

-_,. :eal diode cuent occers at the peak

diode

Peakcuen

_
_ r'_,-v, :12,J-2_0.7
"R1

-5_:

l2'.-: o.7

163

Nn zer output occurs for ange : 2(

- 2)
The fraction of the cycle fr which l, > 0 is

,,=-tr,s:0rt

-,-\'

2( ._ 2)
2

,oo

2[ - 2sn (j+
____
x
2;s

['-' 4"]{

t00

97.4

yo is

verage utput oltage

vv)-.t\_,
z-_',o_-_2x12,[2
f

otput ,. -\

eak diode current ?p is

io: Vs-V, : nJ1-"

R
100
: 163 m
PV: VS-vD+vS
;

r.: :r,r$n in the diagram

the output is zero

i,-;]

r1

) to

:2

t2J1 - o.i +

:33.2

("- + )

VS

Vo

r = ].n t(Y!\

output

2vo

\Y,si

-- - lsin '(b\
\Ysl
,;:ge

'1

-[

,alue ofthe output signal is given by

( _ ll

l.
*r,
''L

- Vrcos@

(75sin@_v,)dl

'r
-

V ol| :u,

:,.k .-L"r, occers when

r:*

Clrrent

'-.:s12V(rms)

l';: "Dxz: nrt

rin_l/%)

\ 7,/

||J|vrsn

2'I-

:-[2V

Vrcosl

2''l7

cos(-)--
-2:
=Vo',r:

1t/

"s -2Vrt

7'1 11 t1

2Vil

_ 2V
o1 _',

2V o _

But cos

' \''sin(l2)-Vo : !s-Va

j,:-

Vo.u, __

- t_ -y,

-vs

'.

'

nrt

x:4.21

-l1-: ; iS the angle at which the input signa

r:]t _: ',
; '::n

mA

-.7

0.

lv

rercise 4_7

Peak Vage

(hl Pcak diode cun'en

_Vs-2vp _tZ.J2-t.a
R
t
- 156 m
lv : ys V : l2.fz 0.7 :

(ir.n' \^ _ (

:
16.3

lll

t-

V,,

R: C

V,,

J.

(b)

Substituting fbr r v/e gt:

aD.

l\r

,s

a
i

V,,

D2

;!:/..rhus:
ionu:'|!!nl

\''

During cnduction, the diode current is given by:

The ripple voltage is the amount f discharge that

occurs when the dides are not cnducting. The
utput olage is given by:
-

llRC

vPe

v,,- v,. :

Tt2

ve

R'

discharge is nly

half the period.

v, _ v,,(
'
Rc-1

or CR >>

is consl.

,,

- _

,'

'

cos} f 1,
- c!,V.
d |'
: -Csint.'lVo*,
: -Csin(-t) V,, *
'

sin(

T /2

-r)
lD,ru,

: -r. Thus:
: Cr lV u

1
lv'
ir..r. - C'|j'lv,'+'
,y yi,

. T/2\
+_t

RC)

2fRC

SUB
(a)

To find the aerage cuTent, nte hat the charge

supplied during conduction is equivalent to the
charge lost during discharge.
Qs.,pp'-,., = Q.os

: cv,'

l.

assuming

Sub (b) t get:

vu

i"o,,/

it- ir*i',
.
^d ,.
n''
D...*:a
7j

fbr a small condrction angle

RC

:.V,,|-|

-,
Tt2

Ttz

|
,

f , = 0 iS at the peak' the maximum diode current

r.
ccurs at he onset of cnduction or at 1

l2 +

rv

P;l-1 o
' ' 2V

_ l,lr
'l

0:

11'

Since the output is approximately hed at Vo

v,,

ot =

Dl

Y{,

where / is the conduction angle.

Note the cnduction ange is the same expressin
as for the half wave rectifier and is given in
EQ(4.30)

Ful wave peak Rectifier:

'
.

--!-2JR

'D.r--]lR''a

x:4.22

Jo,

SUB

(a)

- /r+

2f

sub (a)

for/

2V,RC

'- * 2nuu' , .'

:i^
,,
- .D.ma o
4 V ,' 2v,Rtr
Vvl '+'
_-J,
v,'v,,

Exercise 4-8

--,
-'^./]

pV''1

-li.,

The conducin anq1e _\r can be obtained using

equation .1.-10

rad

,v r

- r''i,fr] aED

2x1

- ! '''.
\,' il

ltz..D. 2 .< 0.8

0._]6

2O."7"

The average and peak diode currents can be calculated using equations (4.34) and (4.35)

: l,( +n/Jo,l r"r" t,'

'\
2v')
andVu : 12[2-2x0.8, V. :
ioo." : 1.45 A

|4'9.

i^._

l00 ()

,\ : l|1 + 2 #)
- 2.74 A

/n"o

V of he dides

- ys

'::::

16.2

rating of 20 V.

',

- - 2V o61e-'tRc
: : .i the discharge interval
--..
2Voo V,)

x:.4.24

: l2J' - O.8 :

To keep the safety margin, seect a dide capab1e

ofa peak current f3.5 t 4 and haing a PV

o, cabe expressed as

ltage,

:.'

i+

-.]ge ccurs almst oer half f the time

,--]
*;

.'onstant RC >>

2RC

A1

t,.

Llo

,*t

-^-

2\' V, _

(V

zv oo1(

1K

T ,. 1 \
- -^-l
2 RC)

.r

_|Vu-2VD't;a

12.f,2 and

'1.8

V,

The diode has 0.7 V drop at 1 m current.

] _ : X .8) X

_ .:.2-1.61 _
_ 60 - 0
_''.

,.

260xl0\C

,"o
lzol F

= : l-2x0.8:

11xgg is included the output vltage

--']rent

is

without taking ripple vtage into

- _.'-:in -

12

1' - 2

100

x0'8 -

t\.'l\/v

,-lt
yr1n]
- ,,

l.5

1o )
mA-----g-J

0.7

Fr, : 10mV, xo : a : lmV

t is ideal op amp' s l* : i- :

^ _- 25

1.5.4v

=:.:-2X.8 L:'o.nu
2
].

0 mV
:.io:i"-iffi-I

;onsidering he ripple voltage the dc

r :|1399

_::.:

k'D

1m

l'\e "r'tlv

D:

*')* .

x t 'tn[lo
"
lm/
V_-1mV
: 0._58 : .01
: 0.59 \'
Forz', - 11a
-\

O.58 V

Exercise 4-9

: ' 1)6 lp:-

Forr-5V

:1m

Diode D1 conducts and

:0"
Vl:o.'lv+1kX1m
:1.7V
For , : - 1 V, the diode is cutoff
.'.uo:0V
idea1 amplifier
V : -12 V because it is

7)

-_

- 5 t- i(]

'1

l5)

-(-cr-flu
-'_ ,))
Forlr>5V
Diode D2 conducts and

I
_.
: 5+)(-s'l

x 4.25

-(cs*'')v
\'' )
)

x 4.21

peak output
Reersing the diode resuts in the
oltage being clamped at 0 V:

1l,} -diodeiscutoff
,,
1l,

load
O - dide conducts and opamp sinks

cuffent.

ilo:

erethedccmponent of

x:,4.26

l k

D1

5V

D2
+

5V

Both cliodes are cut-off

for
and

-5 ,<
.,,,

l,

+5

o: V : -5\'l

rercise 5_2

-'- 7)c

w
l

+ 3.5 V.

Uo1)c+l-4.-5v.
(e)For

o _

-O.02

75 and

(nAvD -

r": -!_ :
l2l

:
667

.5v

ov|2('

= 75 (1.04)

+ |i Iu,r|)

Vr,
l

82-5

_].

4.5

18m

O.

,^

V, - 0.8 v. : 1.8 lo : !z*'C.,rro -

: 0{

V,,,)

oRo
V,n)'

72 A

...R-1.8-0.8:13.9k
72

78

AtVo : OV,
o : 75 A(1.1O) :

0.72

saturatinmode (u5p

] .

l, _ )l,:"lv

.''

and |Vrr|

Ex:5.10

667 k

Ex:5.8

o _
'

),,c,,'YrrbrO.3
])
_' '
J.|/!

1u60
2 1000

V,_ 0._5V=+Vcs: V"ul V,:0'5+l

- 1.5 v

Vs:
_Rs
n

1.5

l.s

v"J

V=R,

(-2.s)

-v
b

.S.t

3.33 k
ll
" DD

"

Vou

o :

72

2.5

.3

Ex:5.9
+

0.4

= 7k

0.8 V, V

0.-5

(saturation)

V _ Vov _ .3 V
1.8

Ex: 5-l
t/
v t)

o.3

t the tride/saturation boundary

.'. l{:

.3

Vcs

From Exc. 5.9,

ou

v-

o.-l

12 A
I

Ro: l2.4x2:24.8k
V cs : 5 V, ssume triode

region:

o :

1.8V

- l,(s

f,

lvDS

+)

- 8.8yDs + .4 : 0
V os : .05 a V ou =+ triode
1^ - 5 0'0_s _ O.2m
"
24.8
=

/r, :

0'5 V'

nCn',

.4 m /

Vs

region

Ex:5.12
s indicred in Exampe 4.5,
tr/]

"

V, fbr

saurati n region.

the transistor to be in

V,

xercise 5-3

rM

i.-1',:5-1:4V

]]11l|l'

']li]ill

." ra

'-

|11]1

D max

Ex:5.15

vDD *v Dmin
D

= ,!l ::-\ :

.ainj,,= -8v
]1lll = lt-
:
m:-=i-_'__:

1.6 + 1.8

l-.:

_i{

rffi

'xlxV

r.8

then

3.4

1.6

3.4

0.32

1.8

o"

)t'"f

{v

",

)'

V,

M,

_ 5-3.4

R,

t :

2.5 V: f we assume thd the NMOS is

turned on, then u, would be less than 2.5 V and
this impies that PMOS is off (z65p > O)

!;'r,:

l)i

,ffiirll"

O which
implies the transistors are turned off and Ip,
=

tm s"i$
/,lffi,,,

0: Since he circuit is perfectly

symmetrica Vo= oand therefore Vc.s
=

np = o.

12 k

_:

= 5k

or: )x\z.s_ Vr_

1r,:0.5(1.t- rr)'
Also: 7, : Rr
," :

1rr:

1o

1)'

o"

O.5(1.5_ 1oD)2

{,"

-2.sv.---l
}l

il1

25

iil =

=:'-."

; .} m

,,[,

iw

r,,;

,lliu,'l

= -,'l^ - V: -1.0 v : = " i \'. for Vo, : -0.6 V

=

ir

:*,1

'''

= {"l-

ko_5.56mA/V2

0.

1 m

1.8 + IDR

l002o"

32

o" + 2.25

O =+

1r,

: 0.104 m
oo: 0,Vo: 10 X0.104 : 1.O4V
V t : -2.5 V: Again if we assume thd
Op is
turned on, then > -2'5 V and V651 < O which

implies the NMOS

[o= o

Q7

is turned

ofi

Exercise 5--4

",

Ex:5.17

: !xl
\"!(Vro - ly,l)' 2

(u{ + 2.5

vro

l1t

, _2

(- 0D + .))
m ) V o : -10 X .104
=+ p -- 0.104
:-1.4v

Vs : -l0or+2or:

-.rO__l

Ex:5.16
Voo

V, :

7p, :
ln :

7J95

Vo,

V'

0'4

1.8 V.
.6

V.

k'=0.4mA/V2

w:10
'

: 1'8 v
RD _ 17.5 k
V, : 0'4 V'
l'o

k":
:0

RD

om

L65: V,:o.4.,,,:

Ups

1'8

V'

(B) Saturation/Triode Boundary

Uc: I)cs-Un:Vt:o.4'

Ucs _ |uoo_ \"uor_

Ucs

ucs

o:
:

27n, + 3.4

9o'7

V',

0.2

_-

v.,

k'v^":8O0/V
nL

Au:- 8'R: -10, make

Rp : 12'5 k
U65 : 0.6 ., : 0'08 m'
Vr, : o'8 V'
(b)keep RD : 17.5 k
-8'R: -1 8,n : 571 A/V
:.Vov:0.143 V'

:
ups :

0.54, :0-04 m'

1'l V'

Ex:5.18

*Vor:5V

: Vn:

1'8

v',

triode'

1.4.

Vor.r= v

= 'Yv^,,
L

cs

0.213.

'4

0'1585

rr5: (k',Vn) :
Vo|c,

'+

(C)For cslc

Vou:

v,l'nrl _

O'8 u", + 0'16)]

-:su."-

0.613

for

(A) Cutoff/Satrration Boundary

35&r-

17.5

(a) Vo

4mA/V2

[1.8

179

ffir:

18 mV'

Exercise 5-5

M1,,

_]

ilr,

lm'/v2

v.

It =

*., :

.'.

t*':

R----->..

r.o,

ll

8^

Ex:5.20
Voo

oo:|'r'
',

m'E'fr.{-,__

R', :

500 k

Jl.&Mfi:5:knvovRD

'

*, :}_l|

U_

*:

11[

r,
,#i:,

flh:

0-19

-119

oRo

v.

A/V

fi = rt*s k
1l^= L'*-*V,
ffi' =
,,';|".

lfrl <

h5.!'

a- 26i<vt
-

o:27

m.

as

12.5 V6u

*'oo- V,

ff4ris

13

Rc

|!t"u;)n"

'- i*- rt-r,' :

]6Rin

i#,

Uo

-.__-.
acs
J-

i,f..
r-

4.3

12.5 vov

Voo: 5.
V6': 2'
Vr:lV,
:0
n : 2o A/V2
R: 10

:z
L

(a)Vcs:2V+Vor:1.
: zoo
lo :
)lr'Yrv'o,

Vs:Voo-oRo:
(b)

c-

: u'uou:

(c)

(d) U8,

Ua, :
aos :

(e)

'!':ug"

+3v
40o A/

r-Ro: -4

0.2 sintV.

-Q.8 sinr
Vs

70a,+ 2.2 < 95< 3.8

Using (5.43)

o:
+

)lr,1v"r-V,)'
kn(V cS

_ V t)s,

io : 2 A

\"!,

+ (8 )sin

+ (8 )sin2or

v.

Exercise 5-6

+ (4
= [2 + 80 sin'

F,xz 5.24

4 cosr)]A

1, shitlsby 4 A

?,, 4
2D: , -: *l :
'
Ex: 5.21

O.0557l

: Lr,,{Vro - 1V,1 )'

"
: !x6X-L9X(l.6-l)
.l
U.
:

v nv
,W'^'': !xo
,
2
| g, : r*'": --l- ^
x 4 X (l.5 - 1)Vy = 0'5 V
/o : 30 : 0'3 mA'
. - 2x0"1 : l.2mA/V.

2|6 A

:
:' 2o - 2x2|6
"" 1.6-1

2Io

0.72 rnA/V

ri

= 0.04

Vo:9:50k
']

v^L :

:ffi

- 8. =

/o = 0.5 m

8. :
r,,
x

m/v

1'55

Vo

-C

-- 11
0.5

5.22

: o.t
o:-1v
/tr

'--^

'

]2"{ ''r'1

2lo u
"_ 7''

vA

: 100 V/V
Ex:5.26

: :

2Vo

Vo

|1

v t) 5 X

.8

0.2

-8,,(R, il to)
(5.'7 Ro _ R, li ',

(5.10)

50/V2
8, : 7 mAlV, k" =
20.1 - 0.2 V
r,

'

V nu

,'
'"r

V'oxL: VA
, : 0.8 m + ,,

fA,

2o

0.216

Ex:5.25
8

I
:25Vim
_1:
- .4
25x0.8: 92.6 k

Va

r,, : -!;1D

.5

r''

720

A,,o

|,'W',2

^YL
o = 1r"uov_:
- )u
x 0.2
2X.1

2o
k"vrou

lO

10

Ex:5.23
8,,,

: 'C,,"V,

s
Same bias cnditions'

L and
same Vy and a1so same

andMoS.
VnCu.,W

^Yt
- w,

: l"uCo"W,

g"'

for both

A-''

PMOS

*l2: o.4:Wo

cS

R.

-8",Ro6fr,

!.r,:

,,

R,

-^

_ ''
loo * R1

-g,,(Rli R.)

same as (5.75)

z.s

.xi 5.27

D
r
8mgs

RD

20K

-8,(Rr!|

rril

R)

Exercise 5-7

91

:-(-

7-J

:]mS

ru

= -f.r Ro!! r) :-g.Ro

=ffrir-R=20k
= G,, : -gn'|| r'll
fih'

.,4

Gr,:uo:=Ls,Ro
Uri

l]

R","

8.:10m/V
2o 2n
^ i"=:
8^:
,--!- +1r:
V v
0.2v.

#::k

a:

R," -_

\:

fl'

R:}

: (j)'o

- -4

R.) -

0.5

m / v)(2 k)

+10

Ex:5.30
CD amplifier

_20 /

= lq) 2vv :

Rsig + R'n

: l : lOO 1 8' :1 m/V

o'
m
: 2^ 2 + D : l.25 m
'' u;: "
io : 0.,i" 8^R
Ro",

V.

-*''r."-q,:1v'

'' l* g,R,

:9l
as,:a,t" l g'R''

mV.

rm +

;
o= 0'9

"srg

1V

l'.

--+

z
Ex: 5.31
CD (surce follower)

*]S
_
'frffr

5m!
+ g-R' :
] _ g.Rs 2 mv
n-s k

t - -

g.(Ro ll

l*g.Rs
* ffir$*. : 1V.

R.)

_20
4

_t

Rnu:2O0: L-r.:5m/V
6m

'.

-5

: o''uov :

(0.4 mA/21

(f).r' vl+f : s
: o.zs
lo :
)l,'"rvf,u
8'.R
| * g.R,.

G,,:
"
for| K<R.<1K
.83<Gv<0.98

xercise 5_8

Vr_Vrr_-_2_(_5)_6k
0.5
l-)
+Rs:6.2k

Ex:5.32

,
"s

f we choose R, = R, = 6'2k then 1' will

slightly change:

":'X1X(vcs-1;2.A1so
Vcs : -Vs : 5 - RslD
2o : (-

6.2)2

+ 38.442D - 51.62D + 16 :
1 : O'49 m,0'86 m

A.,,o: oulo,,--:
ro
I
f t

l1\o

0.86 results in V. > O or V,) V,rwhich is nt

acceptable' therefore 1, = 0'49 m

#k"

1,, =

: -5 +6.2x .49=-1.96v
Vn:5-6.2x0.49=*1-96V

R. should be selected in the range of

-6m

.l^/

()

/, -

------L

() -()
-

2o

_ , 'V,,ul
2v-j

\',YrV

or

'4

l, W-.2

''2
vov

)k"|vb=}

Vou:1V+Vcs:1+1:2V
\--Vn)Rr:;_-6k
+ Ro : 6.2 k{t standard value'

V'

.5 mA

:\{v""_

RDD-|)2

(V., _ Vo:

F=1.5Vthen:

= O.l25m

O.5 - .l25 -- 0-75 -_

0.5

"

6.2 D)2

Ron)

+ :0.49 m

0.49

1'96 V

Ex:5.36
Using Eq.4.53:

75

Ex:5.34

D - Voo_Vo-5-2 _ 6k
D
0.5
D

+Rp:6'2k
_ ' l
_
}
\o"vbu+o.s
'"
'+Vou: \
+Vcr:Vor+Vr:1+1:2V
9tzr: -2

Vo

{ V : 5 - 6.2x

l.512

For this R"

":'X1X(ycs-1)2

Vor: 2.

- ,,

-_

we have to recalculate d,:

4ou'

- V )'

x l(2

nA

: Lx l(Ycs-l)

r^ _- 1
'D
2

0.5

Ex:5.33

o:

M t

_ 0.5x2:1=

2'v(,
tbr Vo : 20 V.
V,,
A1- __ O.qq - _-r_
Vlv

10 M to have low current.

Ex:5.35

( Yo)

Y Vb,

(w/L\,
- ,ur|#ij,loro _ '5X:
I

nr

lntr

0.1

0.1 m

o. _ \* (i),vu

2 : 0.25='Vo:

'

O.5

.8

Vcs:vo+vt:1-5V
+t./-:
' (;

5l 1.5:

.1.5V

Exercise 5-9

(-3.s)
.1

It

;t

I'

--

'n

8.5

P'-= ^l''
l2-l^_ lm
: v. : 150 k()
'o !
D

"ov - 0.5 v

t/

For

;,1"-

_
\''YrrL" V,,v
-

1.O

v.

r,

--)

Rin _ R" : 4.7

Auo: -R,Ro - -15
Rnu, : Rp : 15 k
For r, : 150 k, R. :
R'" : 4.7 M
A'o -- -8-(Rnll rr) :

15

-13.6

Roo, :

Rol| ,o : 13.6 k
R,n A,,^ Rt
..
c,' R'n + R.,, ""RL Rn,,, Uns : 7'o : Vor* 1,

10v
D

r5K

= 2.5 + Gv(o.4
6 is a2.8

a2.5 d,
Ex:5.39

"

sinusid superimposed upon

voltage.

8^g"

- lOv
g-----4

:2.5V

-R- :

+15

- 1m/V

9mrogs

ro

\/o

---o

4.0 v.

ii

RJ

I
:

('l) ()

,1

-t

_ ",-:!!L
' RD-rolRs
R.*ro*Rs

"RD

(3)uo:
\\'e \\'an

-rn-Rr(l

.o

l g.r0\

8.r R o
Rn _ r _ R'(1 i 8',ro)

Exercise 5-1 0

nl
-t.l
U'

_'

l,

using (3)

Ex: 5.41

"

|Rr:

_
8ro)

-8-roRo
+
(Ro+r)+Rs(l
2(Ro 16)
1 I g,nro

^
'

R, :
g,:1mS

basedon

15

21s_5

3 Ro

8'ngs

Rin

- g.roR

* ro

, r :

15

K,

Ex:5.40

8^: 1mi V
r _ 150 k
R'n : Rc
8u,o

z,o

, :

^u

| - 8.'"
8",\rr ll

R.l

e'o] )

1 rr
^

:6nl | ,o
.-

a)

ro

f.J

_ 1m/V
For R.,, : 50
t' _ 1 : lk
8n,

15 k

A.,,o: *1nR_
Au - g,n(Rpll n.l :
^ :
U,

R,n

;J^' -

+15
+
'l

.l

47M

4.7

4,.

.0

0.993

4,,

0.938

0.932

R.ut

.993 k

kf,)

'7.5

(b)

G,,

''x5.42
See the next Page

For other R"r*

R.ig

Gv

1k

3.',75

10

.68
0.07

150 k

Rin

6nl

tn,, : R :

',:

0.768

Exercise 5-1

F 6

' 5_

07) n page 324 of the text:

s',o*'nfz;vu*ffil
IW, = 0.8 + O.4[ J + 3
- J'll
W,

r=

[j

Exercise 5-12

Ex: 5.43

V.,.: *1YV.

.-y,:3v

: -2V

To OPERAE N SAURTON REGON:

VDs- min - V-.-V,::lV

J

io:

)"Yr{V"r-V*)2

:lxzxJ2:9m
2

Exercise

=
-

1r.
lsa :

B'T

,;, :

Is

"""f1,l
usrn Q_ll

L1J

vtt

: tr.

= a5! rnV

10

tu

10

[,

10-18 A

1l : to-'u, J9l
10
]
.01

25

29.9336

748 mV

Ex:6.6
V6r^: -|5
150
-""

15

< .3

= f,"- ,
-0'01446 m

*]iii.ffis1 m-\

illL,rltffi m_q,

4rr

][r

l.JJ6
:'_4]5o

099

4r.- -$t6:,*

4
-

li ftl_J6

u3,

- f, 'l 'r

d,r

ff

690 mV

16': lmA

,l]].

ln d:

ForactiverangeVr>V"

1.446
--u)

25

R.(max)

l_l5

vcc-0'690
C

-5-.69
: 4.31 k

ff

Ex 6.7

: 10'15
rea.: l00XArea,
1r. : 1 X 1s : 1_13
1s

Ex:6.8

VB'V
VsC'vT
'
lc:1se
-SCe
fori.:g
vB'vT
VBc'|l
.
: sc
'
lS

m-"

ll
* .il
lilfi

1_'6

: ,sh
' &l
La"-l
[14]

- m-]l
{,s {

V-n

:
:

- zsln !!_l
L1l

_}

= ,] mV

6-l

10'

r,.[r

c
+

]]

1mA

,
SC

V/ V

l, - uta'ut

: r(u',

Vc\i

|--xerclSe o-.

:.V c

V,c: ,.' ['f]

,, -

For colector Area

1O

l_i] l001

Vc:25|n
Ex:6.9

vo' vt
ic:seo''-sce"

x:. 6.12

x Emitterrea
l15mV

v^c/vl

u'
sovr'u' ''
rrru"

i."
-

!l

,,,,."o:

<

,a|*o

- Vgr VT '
-sc
^ lc

B|,VT

''

+ B rre
,'B'
vBC\/vT
- \Vg
_

/sL
re "
- ^
P
:1;,
, /s.
ts( -tr"", --.Sal/v
'_Sc/S
^ e'"
y y^_si/ y-

'-Brr/'

e"

:
n,""

200/25

10o

7#"

100

10

1;1

0.2219 :22'2

Ex:6.10
, Vg/VT
-:g
':

2m --

Vs:

51

50

2srn

,o_

Fig6'12

:
: 10O, V"u : o'8 V at .
V urr' V : Vr|n | gr/ 6'l
: 25 0.693 : 0'1733
.'.Vsz: 0.817 V
p. __ Vcc: Vc _ l.5

.('

EC

.5 k

:50

^ Vrr-V"'
_-(ts
- l.5 0.817 x
2

:338

/ v

nv

,n''l

[4 " H,

Ex: 6.13

+10v

650 mV

+1

r:

!xz

1.96 m

"

:S:

39.2

Ex: 6.11

,: r"uu''": l.5A
!.V : V. ln[1'5 10-1]
: 25 x 25;734
: 643 mV

-10v
Fig 6.13

: 50' Vg5: 0.1

V: Va-0'7v

Exercise 6-3

-0.7

Ex:6.15

-7'+ l0

m!

ffi
imr

.91 m

_-91 _5

ftfisv
: l

'

-l0v

V66. decreases approx 2

mV/ "C rise

for 3oC rise

5

^vB:
:

k[)
v
+1.7

olmm

vc

_2x30

-60 mV

-60mV

^v 1, is constant
Since
f. is constant
.'.

z.: 6

Ex:6.16

_ f
&M
r_7

ic:

A+C,
_

ar,d

.'.

-rfl

l_ffs _
0.99

il*6fi

u'-ff _

rlll

* c*c
ll^ffi

165

: - 1.7-5 v

ro

reu""'V

a
ro

vA

ic : rru''u' *'rr''r:u'''u'
vA

1""v/v l + 9sgl
"

voJ

QED

ic:

re'B"'v

,.:
- !
:. iC :
QED

*!!
ro

inFig(a)

rv/v
piu +

k
ro

as in

Fig

Exercise 6-4

x:6'11

,o_

c _

VA (V)

()

16(m)

0.1

l.o

ro

100

10

1)OO1

0J01

ro

l6

ro

lM

1O5

l
t4

0 k

l00 k

vrr-vc
Rc

1-5

10

0.5 mA

Vs _ Vs+

:
:

0;7 + 10

R
0.01

.8V

zl.,

(b) edge of saturation

,- -- l0 -0..l _ 9.7
'(

lOK

'3

O.97 m

r': g/ _ 0-97i 50 : '194m

: .894 v
V ug : 0.7 + 0.O194 X l0
(c) saturated V 6u : 0-2
/. : (lO - o'2) /0 : 0.98 m
B -- C/ F : 0.98/ 10 : .098 m
Vg : 0.1+ .098 X 10 - 1.68 v

x:6.18

_lo

Vru:

rl

V'u_'l1 1

,x: 6.20

10v

Fig 6.8

By similar triangles BD AC

l-Ic
ro LV rt
D AD rl'. lm - l00 l l
100 + 11
;r

C A
:1Xll110

vc

:1.99m

:1.1 mA

Ex:6.19

F Vr6

s:

Fig 6.20
0

Transistor is OFF

6 : 0
Vc : Vcc- cR..

:.

: +l-0

: +l0v

Rc:lk,:50
(a) active Vc : 5 V

Exercise 6--5

x:6.
+10v

* ]\'

/c

$l

vc

*-|'c
'a

vE

*0
li]]':

l.

IM

1l

Vt: Vt-0.1
:4-0.7:3.3V
R":
_ 3'3v :6.6k

= 0.1 m

[:_{L\

.5

$ lid]

>r{ru 90-ctive)

_-_

:rr69:0.3V
t-0.3 :

,(,,-

:'r-

r{

0.2

1.94

Vr: V'+2
:4 + 2: +6V
p^ : Vcc- Vc
'I
* 10_6:8k
0.-5

,hanged)

: t0x0.1 : lm
frl_ r!-: :
9"8 k)
,

l[l

x:6.A
+10v

rifr

4.7

0.2

3.3

*[Nv

ii*:

\'

$.o oa

po.""d: 5

:,

Then , -- 5 g
r= 6 "

Eg 6.22

m ;,;5 :

* ,i-:
n ffi.i *

lL:
1i'.

iJ
*
{

:
{*

0.3

_]

1.]25 m

jj-0.7

1 * 0.2
: 5x4.7+6x3.3

:0.226mA

V":6,3.3
:4.48

Vur: V, * 0.1
: 5.18 V

Exercise 6-6

E;xz 6.21

6.25

+1v

+10v
+5V

Rc

2k
+0.7

10

0.4

C
>-

+0.3

0.3

Rc

50<<150

-1v

n actie range

I - 5_ 0'7 :
10 K

vr:0
%:

+0.7V

V,-

:4.65 m
, -- 0'99 '
^ 1-.4+0.7
:
0.99

lowest for largest

,: ": 150 X 0'043 A

: v^--o.3
15 X 0.043
: 1.5 k
For : 5
%: 1 - 50 X 0.043 : 6'78V
For : 150

10-0.7

4.65

:2.2k
[Vlmax):0+0.7-0.4:

.O43m

+.3

v]

V.

0.3

Ex 6.28

x:.6.26

+15

+1

Rc

5k

-10
n:

r,

: 9.3k
R,:
V,:V,-4
: -4
p- - 10-4:6k
''
1

:50

vrr:1l:5
: 50ll 1
!'" : 10/3 k
v"u-vt"
, =
( + 1)]
R+
LRBB/

4.3

^
"J+-'-10
.l 51
1

1.18

Exercise 6-7

_ tr.
r

51

.'hange

5C)

Ex:6.31

1.l5 m

1.28

+5V

1.15

1.28

9.8o

OFF

6.29
+15
2.78

]
=:
=

,:0_

.-uent drawn
]1_1 + 1.252 + 2.'5

l .':5 mA

r''r'::Consumed

:
:

X
x

15

mA

mA

4.135

Ans:

1116

.39

V'

mA

: -394

+5V

:-5
_. Y

__{

0v
< \/
''yu_(-lR
: (-)3'e4 V

E.xz 6.32

+1sv

J,

@+

_1 5 -0.7

1k

ON

'az

fuil

c,:/r,Satn

+1

:-r I

: ( + 1)1,
- /
v : 7.0] m x sat'

l0 k

,,{ g

OFF

i-0

k)

rr:0
illl

*5V

iiilln,."

@v":7.03 x

_l

ll]]ru.'e,c

-,_:-0.7V
illi]t =-" ' -o'7
1r

v, _ v+o.7
:5.5V
, - 10-5.5
,,

ilrlll1t1*

:
)

liil:

]]il!,n. il[-lj:[]i:

,lili

{1

'

( + l)1B
3.94 m

-62mW
0l

"

10

a_-l

1^^1

2.7

ll":_
* l:

''17 2.7 kJ
..

:* iir': = -

-6 V

: 6.36
, 1 : 13.4 m
.7
11

2.7s +

( + 1)0.47
--9J-

l0

: -

4.8

4.35 m

1,

435
0.45

9.6 <<3o

4.8 mA

v---0.2
-

:4.8V
1,

C
B

o'2

:4.8V

0.45

} .
\'/ Ptrced -

\/ ^v cc '1

0.45 m

@1cru,l

7.03 V
5 .'. Saturation

4.8 mA

Exercise 6-8

Ex:6.38

- V c' :
'o:!-r,
.025
T
)Vc:10-8:2.V
l0_vC _ -2:8k
R^_
'
l
1m
V,-, Swing : 2.0 - 0.3 : 1.7 V

A,'

_V cc

A',:LVc_" V''
+ ]V,.|

320

: #":

;lC

Given: g-

1.

'"

mV

5.3

aV

'1c:
"r1.

l0 k
0

Ex:6.35
m

.5

25 m

o : , - lm :4mi
nl
v 25mV

10

20 m/V

:5-2sinr(r)
: B + 6"G)

_10 + 2 sin r ()

Ex:6.39

Ex: 6.36
C -- 0.5 m (constant)

:5

0.5 m
o::
m
vT 25 mV
: 20 mA/
. ' .5
5O
:10A

2.5

:200

: 20 m/V
_ 0.-5
200

2.5 m

50

,n:-:

200
20

l0k

Note: g,,

Ex:6.37
: 10

.'

__

c: lmA

1mA

25 mv

40

- l00 8- 40

r_
: _--!- 'e
+l

25 tL

mA/V
2.5k

C
VT

u-n

r"

!.

g1en ,c : i _ ('r")i,

: r"8.1( uu
\ -ro )
: 8
'"no

:rn1

l00

lF

v"o

ib!)

: -400V/V
Vc: Vcc- cRc
-15-1x10:5V
Nc(O:VC+CQ)
: (Vcc - gRg) + Au6nG)
_ (15 - 10) - 400 X 0.05 sinr

,2''v'

1m

vb"

:-4 X

:.-::

R"

Au:b:-g^Rc
ub,

d
hus '- : r"'''u'
vr
V
',
: ,

+5 V

v/V

1.7

Ex: 6.34

But

-.]2

Exercise 6-9

t: *:39'6m/V

*1][l

$ -*"
{lils

t'-

-.

l]

i'

,t

;1.4_

l{l

"

x:

'-;

X
Lbl

l"

ys
tllMm

fo:

l'

ro|l R, | R
Rcl R,

is

Avo

i\-

sk

-JF---o

: -76'2/

3.85

4.
3.9o

: -.vol

: lroll

Rc)

Rr)

"'l|-1+

*8.0ol n. n.)
l

x:6.42

For1.:1,,a

lrr'

lmr

^ :_ c -lm : 40 m/
: aO;
"
rn: : l0: 2.5k
g- 40

rrA

][

:iq9

. il:2.18v

sl l"t9: -0.99
i1fl:.,

Rc| R,)

R,
Au:
-8^RoV*
'
vt
RI+RL
_ _8^ , . RnR,
" 4;;
: _, v lroll R)n,,

ffi

r-:

-0.8v

Ec RL

''n

x6.4t(2)

Ro

To

ilffi.

* i] \_
M

]m1-

Q.

39.6 (3.s5)

;a(-)

thus effect f r

rMllr

tl

vo

: r.ll Rg ', *
- Rr_&'-)s'o|
:

t
,

:1

l-5

l4

*:

1O1

,o
-0.1

: :
C

fr
Avo

ro

]-a9

k()

2.5 k

-^(roii RC)
-:

-#r''..,

xercise 6_1

6.42 (cont.)

Rt

tU

Rs + R

2.5

5+2.5

.oo :
t,|{- U5 | -!3
U|

7o

|6|

A"

32.5

Fr 16 = O.5 m and

"m :

0.5
.2_5

:L

Rr

97.6

: -32.5l

- *fu

Rc :

+R -1x5 - 0l -.35k:35
O

'49

2o mA/v

, - 1:5.k
20
._:1:20k
'
.5
Rl.': ,: 5k
A\o : -20(200 k Il 10 k)
: - 19.5 V/
:
Rrll ro
Ro
: 10kll 2k
:9.5k
19.5 X 5
:
|\'
5 + 9.5
: -65.6 V/V
_.12.8 V/
G,, : ''o __ l , os. :
'r"2

!'_ 5 = - l=.ig
u5 5+5 2
l?,rl :

:z.X 1Om

lOmV

:0.33v

5 k + ( + 1)o.35

(rol R. I Rt) lo0 l0

Gv: -'
l0 + 4.4
- R^
V/V
19.8
x6.44

. : , b
v T

" - o _
ln

-_ 4Oms

0.025

l00

__

4o

2-5k

'o :25d1
'e
" : +1
Rtt: r" :25
Avo : 8-Ooll Rc) - 8,,Rc
:40X5:20ViV

A:Avor*:

c, :
:

10

Av:

#t-^

v/v
)5

500 + 25

100

V/V

0.5

Ex: 6.45

Rs:

50

R: ":

v.
:

25mV

tO

+ :25/50: 0.5 mA
Avo: *LRc : 205:10v/v
Gv:

Ex: 6.43

:40.a k

1x',:
2

40

v/v

+Av :80: 8"rR;

... R; :80/20 :4k
x 6.46

i,:

Rst"
N

R,n.: : fnl(+l)RE
b

v, _ &.-." l_!_']f&
r
vn
R"R"
-1+--i+
r r./ ( + )

:1+&*RqED
re
r

- l00:1+1+-,r=,
5-lll
- 1o
s

P nsert 30
it'
'

.
''

: !)-:
r

U;_

and

o: 2'V

nR7

(g-V l i)R'
r

R : - '" +(] l)R

l6

Exercise 6-1

, : ,3'3
_f11

laj_ ro: f

]1l1]l||]itllli,"

.995 m

151

7,
0.91 V/V

:
1'7

0.984,

0.995 _

1-

,oo

Ex:6.48

il:: : -ll V

l
0.3

$*.
1r{

iffilt *

*r{

]M+4
*

rs]

fr,tI

:_rRr' /glven ... maximize R.

;
Vr: gRg+2+o.3+R
VF-0'7
1
'L
R;R7G+
^
^u

: ]57k
: a
=

=}RE+ R/(+ 1)

].l]1 m

:4.3k
:

Forindependence from
, setR,
9 RE
4.3 k

V.(min) : V* 0.3 V
VCQ : V.(min) + 2V

;;
,1

t}

g17

l11{i,*:

00

:
:

:1m

(o for C6)

-0.3 v
+10 V

R.:Vcc-Vco - IO- :8'48k

lC
9

x:6.49

+10v

ffii

.4.

#41

lffi|

l-

l-

:_6T

\'
:

Rc

2.4
R

]. m

10

0v
ili}

1.,i

'_i

98-1

Vc: V+o.4+2
: +2.4
R.:Vcc-Vc
'll
F

I
'_-ll:-o
1

10-2.4

:7.6 :
1

7.6

xercise 6_t 2

Swing: _1.4 _2 = _3.4

6.49 (cont.)

'" - V'-' Va -- ll(2.4

O.7)

|7|.7 k

18 +

RC-Vcc :

lower

upper still 8V'

.005

mA so

V, :

-0.5 V

-.5-0'4-2: -2.9
v: l00v
_ 1O0 k
.-" : l00
lm
o -, _ lm:40m/V
^m
vr 25m
l0 _ 2.5k
r" 40m
8,n

0.7

7.5( + ])

'.

V:c

r_

?\ ()

- -----:!-:
( + l)

Ex:6.52

Example 6.5

i*.
)

R,}

o-f- Q,

,",o

-v

-V _

_10 R,:lgk
7.5

R, ::o:

u: r/(+1):/|00
_

20

lower + 18

6.50

R,-:

9 g: 0.0196 m s V, -1.96V'0.4-2:-4.4
-

' : 9.92 p
' _ 101 x '
: 1.002 mA
V: 10 7.5(1.02)
:2.5

-{

5: upper sti 8

Using 5% resistors:
R, : 7.5 k R,, : 18 k
o.7 + aRa+

: R l : 10ll 2..5 : 2.44k

',
Auo !
-320l
in'Rc o 40X8:
_
Ro ftc - 8k
Rllv

0.01 m

Vn:0-'R':
-1V
V:Va 0.7v:'1'7v
7.5 - +2.57
v^. v--( +l
_ ls..] - 19.3 k
-'^ Vrc_0.7+V
1*,,0
1

Ao

-s,"(ro

1. : (1 m): 1 m
1a : 0'0l m
V6 : 10-8k(1 m) : +2v
Yu:lOOkx(-0.01 m):
V: -1-0'7 _ -1'7v
: 100 : pper limi = \' ,, - V , - 8V
lower value + V, Vc - O.-1 \i (where
l.4v)
v'c I

|l

R.

11

R):-4x3'5

: r1l Rc : 100 8:
Av : - g,n('ro li Rc)
R

|I

Ex: 6.51
Refer t Fig E6.5

2.5

lt,

40 x'7.4

296

^R,",R,
'-RrlR^nuur;"
-

2.44 /|ol2.44' 7.4 + 5

.5

5'
-

39.1

V/V

;.:RsIR'7R,*
14,1

c,l?,,1
39.1

15

l.smv

586 mV

-r19V/V
7.4k

Exercise 6-13

with:

J.*: s+20
s
_] = "=V"',
:

5mv w/o:

,n$t "**
-

"

0) ]
-5+(2.5l
mV llJ*: i * ', :
lvo! : vlx Av : 512'4 : 62m
5

Ex:6.54

mAN Vo: 100

r,: 100k : 1
ro:2'5k :0.99
r":25
1,:1m
g,": 40

'

r- _

2.5

, : lOV
1OOk
s,iMl,ill R,_8k &:R.=5k

.p

e,, ]|

o;
=

20

0.22k

;<

:
-r*fl,,_
'*'

* f-'

R.;

- --40(g)
40-

-8Kli 5K

-'fr,- ] .
t. * .fto

25 + 223

R,.)

f*

iir,

,,

+ RE)

223 {L

: -32
= -12.4N
-9.9

2K..

- ^

-:--i

*'.
i,

-
mir

R',:=25

Avo

+g-(Rcll ,)

:40x1o_3X(8kl

&-.,*-ff'.*"^'
, {, : -e.Gcll R,')
: - 123 V/V

r11fri']

6.25mV

N
12.4

: -296l
Ro,, : Rrll ,o : 7.4k{L
, = +g'(R.l R. l r)

:4ox3:12O/
fi:":25
/"ig Rrig * r, 5

: 0.005 v/v
(R.|j
/:
vv-- _
:

R,1
R"ig -| r"

0.6

V/v

R.,. :

1R.|| R,;
GV

54

100k)

+ 25

15 mV

xercise 6_ 4

Ex:6.55

:.

tut

R.

Ri

: : ,'+
lt,

:0.5

+ (11)(201| 1)

96.7

:
Gv :vo:vttvo
vs ys
:- R," *
R, |l R,,

R,*

:
5m
c

100(25

5m

ro: Va c

.'. b

m)
10
5m

={ 5O

:2Ok

1/

Gvo

'o andVo - (]

: Vo
r "(

l\iblro||

+ )(ro| R.)

RL't

V/V

0.8 V/V

40|| 96.7

28.3 k

vl

( + 1)(rr|| R.)
(Rs| RB) l ( + l)(ro | (ro|ll R

vo ++o"

/
'h

Rs + RN

0.796

( + l)(ro1| R.)

20

(1OK|l 40)(_5E+5 +2K)

ll

Rnu, : o 11 (r" + tRr ll Rr]) / ( + 1)

: 20 || t0.05 + 0.79] k
-84
f, -Voxrol|r"1 -O.l Xo.95-l\/
.00_5
e
2'0
l.0
For R.(k) .5
G,. (V/V) 0.68 0.735 0.165
r

Exercise 7-1

he minimum value of 1, ccurs

'

il i.1] _

:ul}

=:

:0.1.

is

:J2l9oIXl=2

o.-0.8

I'.':

ill
l,.

lirll

lltllllr:r,r'

,l,.*

= - . i.j } _
L

/l]llL-

that

- -;L
D

l :]ue of Ip occurs when

tO,

ta is

8-r":

_ 1;,
= .,-'
=
J "'--3.l m

tlffitllltlilllfl-lll'

ll ,xrr..i: rense of cuent in an npn

illllllliilll]i11li1],r,:

M*

For/r: 1p

_iie

20x0.5
1m

4
v x

k()

10

20

Ex: 7.A.3 Fr an NMOS fabricated in the O.5 m

CMOS technoogy specified in Tabte 7..1 vith

andVor:

0.5 m, V *- 5 m,
We have

:)o

"C.^YrVu
" :
1, : 85.5

0.3

4, a,

2 x 85.5 :0.57
R^:2lo
on
Vou- .3v

,.-y;''' D
q]u]i u =

\\oS

Fabricated in the O.5

, we want to find the

.and the

intrinsic gain btained

lain currents: (L

0.5 m)

Cr,:

"111I

]Mr-,l

fF,Crd: Cou"W:

0.4

O.57

(8.3 + 2)

1,

F{^()
:

10

using eq. (7.15):

= 1,:JzxlsXl0Xloo
,-mA
M_

-- 1/
Fn;ew
.o
, =---.

Jlo

-svlrffiJl

Ao : 50N

-i- , n<
'J :
-'
10 k
'i'

) k{) _- 62

x5

8,,-m:O.28m/V

ha\ie:

'- v

8.3

For this problem, use eq. (7.11):

Fr

}e

8.8 Gz

'-:

]..\

l17k

Ex: 7.1

.1') X1 -o'2mA

lll4]

m/V

')
- i X5X0.53.8 l0.4X5

/. :

] 4j

X1M:200

66.7

.:'

_')
'r,:iwLCn,+Cov

8-V
f: 2r(Cr"+Cra)

= i \._ -^C-()h

=*.+

?9E05

Ao: g.fo:

].- mV

;:r' a:

85.5_-

Since

g.

varies

ith

',|

anda, wih

J o

:2tF

xercise 7_2

x: 7.3

A=+8,, _ .z,nl.)'
1

vr,.

.89 m/V

)
**,''

A^
" s(-l9)'
\] 0/

l58 /v

i1

Fr/ _ l m:

"

| 'l' _ u. *elv

.28mn/v(

\.1/

,':_10
r,- 0'l _
n'_

50r.l0'l'- rvlv
\l/

V 25 mV 4m/V
_ l00 -25k
R,'_
"' ro-r
8,,' 4 m/V
5ov
r, -vo1 0. l In - 5ooko
-500k()
r. _ 1 0.1-5V
m
Au: g'' r" _ (4 rn/V) (500 k) : 2000 v/
, : 8,,,, (r, ll r,,2) : (4 m/V)

x-7.2

(500

Since all transistors have the same

.36

we hae
Inp
1o:

m'

: z:

/1

.'z A

/z
1.24

,'''1

/','

^ -

.5

l00 A

ffi]
'l'l..

V/m

(l00 )

(0._]6

t *a

m) _ 8 k

, ^ -|vi,,|, _ 6 Vzm 0..]6

lz
0.! m
Vltage Gain is
: g., tu,ll tu,)

Au

Au :'

(.24 m\l)
12.2l

k)

_-

100

halved:

V/v

0'55 m

2L,

- lvol L,
Ivol - 5vlm19_'

ml

VonL,

50

ano

lv^1

D"

||

x:7.4 l-L is

7.2m

(1s k

m}

l| 21.6 k)

Since

ly,'l

v;,,

w
L

21l..175V)':

(-]v),lO0)

:126ko

2 (100

9 /V'(0._]

l, - \*,,c,,'1(f)u""r(' ffi)

w
2l.6 k

]]

20.i

)
r/

v)'l
" l

\'

..1 V\
Llas ,

Exercise 7-3

xz7.7 8"
1;*=

b;:

*:
2

1"1

o-_J

= o'8

.25 m
0.25 /2

:2mAN

,'' :uo:
D

:!_l

- -1'

D,
,\in
-

v :20k

Fig.7.l3.

(a) From

R.

0.25 m
RL

8-

\8^ro)

^l,RL
"]
2 mA/V

(2 m/v)(20 k)

:5+3-+40

R.:lM:
R._ : _5+ |M :
'"
40

gre identical and the gate vltages

!U

i,,,,

0.7

.5

0.2 V

)1*; "-angois lVrrj

= 1;.

11fu,,*

]s'm

0.2 V

0'3 + 0.2

0.5 V

.7 V

1.5

0.2

: 9.: -- 8n3 : 8m :

fl,,E :

r"

1.3

8m

= ilj V\ :10k
1(!ll&el",:

r.. : (2

m/V)(10k)2

'M1. .
(,l|g'o,,,, ,.

r r)

: (2

m/V)(

k)2

k: t
R,_:50+20
"'
40

, ,r,

10

_ -\u,

m/V)(lO k)]'?

0:

(b) From

Fig.1.13,

Ex: 7.8

8- :

Ro: ro +Rs+(g.r,)Rs
Rs: 0:
Ro : 20k+ 0+ (4)() : 20k
Rs : lk:
Ro : 20k+ 1 k+ (4X1 k) : 61 k
Rs : 1 k:
R : 20 k + 10 k + (40X10 k) : 430 k
Rs : 20 k:
Ro : 20 k + 2 k + (40)(20 k) : 840 k
is : 1 k:
Ro : 20 k + 10 k + (40)(10 k) : 4.12 M

.'1

o"

3 k()

20 k:

- 50ol 0 :0.5
'40

o4:

R :

R,_

|Yrr], so

:
- '_sp3
mtn

40

R:

Iyl + lvrrl
- .2 : 1.5 V

:rs i,:,l as

100 k:

:
e,_:500+]!9_!9
'"

-G. +

,i_

= fu1.

: l'sc: _

,*'.*

,M',l.

- V orr:

R. :

25.5 k

n
V

ou

frrl:fo2:tn

8^z

l) u

o.2 /2

8*

-mA

xercse74

:20k
:Vo:2
D 0.1 m
:
so' (g.rn) : 1 m/V(20 k) 26
(a) For R,- : 20 k'
R1*ro, - 20k+20k: l.9k
^
'"r:Ttr},
l+20

: -8'(rol1

:"'Av
-1 m/V(2oKI

R"')
1.9

K) : -1'74N

l*" ."" the approximation of eq' (7'35)'

R'

2ok!2'

n'"'-8-r."r-g-,,
2o 'l m^/

: -grRo

so, the gain rmains the same

f R,- is connected to the utput'

A,,

Avl:

1 m/V(2Ok|l

:21k-

Avl : -1 mAiV(2kl 21 k) : -10.2l

Av _ - m/vtt(2)(20 k)| l| 400 k}
-

vi

+1'8

xz 7.9 The circuit of Fig.

t9.6 v/v

7.1

Vcz

z=

- _ and or:
Since V v, : Vov''2
(a)

0.2 V we have

,),

V2ovz
) *,'""(

22

o'

L*.r",()'u'",,

'=(vr),: ?,(o'),:

{"(),

4 can be

modeed as

?"(or),

or

(),:

'(o,)'

(b) The minimum voltage alowed across cuffent

1,

voltage would be

G-"' :

Rn- (l

woud be 1Vo|
0.2 V if made with
a. single transistor. f a 0. 1 , signal swing is to be
allowed at the drain of Q1,the highest dc bias
source

-l
J

I'

1+

+ g.Rs)r.,

G,Ro

#*"-

oo

g-Rs

The pen-circuit (no load) Voltage gain is

and

: Au - -2oo A,, - 1O-2

o-

r& :

200 v/V

Auu

2k): -1.82v/v

- - 19.04 V/V
A -19.04 : 10.5v/
.l
^ - Au,.
- 1.82
(b) Now, for R. : 40 k'
R,- l : 400k .
^'''' - qnzroz
-'tf,z
20 - 1 m/V
-8m2

and

R;;i7,,

Ex 7.10

Av : -8mi(gmrr"rr"r)ll Rrl
Av : -1 m/v{[(20)(20k)]ll 20k}

Where

Rr

_- _rc',")

cntinuing, from eq. (7.31),

A,,,

R1

!|

_'-' (l tg,,Rs)r"R'
+ Rg
1 + g-Rs [+ g,Rs)r"

Eiher method is correct.

8'- t1l g,Rs)r,l

* g,,Rs-

2k

=
then,

(t

g.Rs)r.

|Vo/

.5_5

0.1 vPP

(c) V scz :
V,,",

|vor + |vtp|

can be set at 1.55

1.8

0.2

0.2 + 0.5

0.7 = 0.85

_'.
0.7 v

Exercise 7--5

. is impemented with a

llll"::-

;iilar o Fig. 7.10, the

l;l.l:':

1it.[:9d acrss it fr prper

:v) :

. = :'
: jflc :

""',]]'

Then,

.4V

. he alowabe range

of

]i(l! is from 0.4 V to 1.55 V

:r1lt

u.,, occurs when Q1 and Qrare selected and bias

sothat ro1 and ro1 ae>> r
Ron

(8.ro2)rn2

2ro,

: 1(25 k) : 2.5 M
Rnp: (8firgz)ro: lrz
Roo : 50(20k) : 1M
Rn"

Finally,
ffiitfrillr4

',

iri1l{ll|i-",

1tl_'il]",,

: -(8 m/v)(2.5
,r"* : *5714N

-'
'g. 19.

r=r)

Ao^u"

and

r-:)

|--'

ie.--;'tJ and biased so that

_:gn
l*1
i]l|||g

,':lllllt -!ir

Ex: 7.1i

8.

and have insignificant

:ilD

"- ll]c:.

ll

1.O

:
#: **
100

ro:

M)

40 m/V

:25k{)

8. 40 m/V
-' _-VA _ .-lOV __ lk

-C lm

lrililllrir",., r"r

Refering toFig.1.2o,

Ro- rofl

R.
Ro

lo

+ g^(R,ll

[l

&

o6 ,A1o.s
'--- l|ll 2.5
"--'' k
v '''- k

/)]

176.7

withut

r)l

(that is, R, =

Ro: ro:

1,

10k

x:7.14 Fig.7.2'l(a)

fol :
^,

tl]lm

,l,
(llt

,"" -:

k ]I 12.5 k)

l_5

mV

:50

8 m/v

:
:

: 4V :
0-2

1lllnl

] _l

8 m,V
6.25

'l

:ir k |l 6.25 k)

'{Q

li

20k

]iiu",,

-,l lilit l '

l00 )

8n : mA/V

.1-

-+gm2

4 mAN

=25k

Assuming an ideal cuffent source,

il
lllMililll,il

)(

O.1

0.2 mA

--

m
^ * lrl
8.2--4-ffi-4mAN

n1]'

/-a-

"l2(200 A / V')(25

^
|'Un:
8^: 'm

r-:.)

'r

] l,:.:

: ' : v! - 5 -- 50k
l
0.lm

: fi"C.lW7ryo

8il -

i
,lll{ll"m,i

0'762)

Ro

R" :

: (E,zro)Qorll ,.r)

(4 m/v)(50 k)(50 k 25
ll

A,,6 : -G.R : -(1 mA/V)(3.33

: -3.33 x 103 v/v

k)
M)

3.33

Exercise 7-6

10m_}4z:50m
w
5m - 1m

Fie. 7.21 (b)

S the dimensions of the matched transistrs Q1

and Q2 should be changed to:

W:50mandL=5m

Ex: 7.16 Fo the circuit Figure 6.7 we have:

(w / L\.
. \W/L)\

Vc

*''1ff,

*n'@T,

w / L).
and ' _ '(_w
lL\o
Since all channel lengths are equal

L._1m

L:Lz

and

: l A, z: 60 , 1: : 20 A'
: : 2 and 1s : 80 A,

1tl,

we have:

From part (a),

: 1 m/V
8.:g.z:4m/V
o: roz _ to: ro :
25k
nl -- 2: r':
G,,,:8.:
From Fig.

R'g

k l| 25 k

-668 x

103

vltage we eed

mA/v)(50 k)

o :

v/v
100

and we want to reduce

the change in utput current, 1,r, correspnding

to a

change in ouput oltage, V o,

of

o'

Thais /.''

0.01

LVo

- oz _- 0.OI1r=J
' ro

100

1 : 1M
,o.:
'
1

L
To keep

JJ20 V/m

_ 20<L

l)

-_ 5 m

V, f the matched transistrs he same

as ha o xample

7.l5.

/,

Wz.

he ansi5r

shuld remain he Same. herelre

\"('l),v'",,
=>

t20 __15*w,:15xL,

20

(O.2)2

w.:
wl

n order to allow the voltage at the drain of Q5 to

go up to within 0'2 V of positie supply we need

vo' 5

80

,n^:Vn"L*lM
'"z
r',

Voz=o.2

: ir.
'"c,,'()"v'o,,
s() ,(o.2)2

rw) _

: , :20:
/*,,. lo

,:

Ex: 7.15 n the current source of Example 7'15

we have

l&.

n order to allow the oltage at the drain of Q2to

g down to within .2 V of the negative supply

R, - 167 M
A.9 - _ 1'nR', _-' 4m/V(|67M)

w1

, _-,Wr-W'-L-_+
'owo_ wo 4 l

: G,'zro)or\l ,'r)

R" : (g.o.,)R" so,

R,, : ( 1 m/V)(50 k)(4
1.s

, w\
: 'Rl'W|
-

5k

4 m/V

7.19.

w- w, : r::
: Rl'l'fl;|
' 1*n,, 10

g,,,3

'rn,,(),

=V'ou,

ir.s(fl.,0'2)2

=>

2X8)
(y). _ x (0.2)2 :50=Ws:50Ls

ws:

wtw4

80

50 m

4+Wo _ 50m
4

2.5 m

Exercise 7-7

]..f u,:_ !1',

,]'!

ll

ur

15 m, Ws

3Jd w5

Ex: 7.19

5 m

50 m

\
ll * --QJ)
l /
-_l|\
n /

t.2 mA

r,

]ll]lfr[

1'' = , :

',

=98

k -

10

il
',,

$0"=
l,--

== (
50 )
-:_,|) +2-0,7)
_'ll:
"'*"5

0.497 mA

- 'y= o Vcc V'

- I
1*uu
tl: - 4... 8.65 k
[m !.197
,ffiflr

ga.:gion (7.74) we have:

1-. - Vr.\
r\ )
fr,

It0ll

50

See next page:

Exercise 7-8

1n

Ico*o,. +

1o..

91co:r

1*.o

//+1

Ico*

-+-N+

Thus:

: z _ "'
gnoring the effect of finite output fesistances, we
have

1, :

: z

1co*',,

1.o*r,,.t1:1*tt.(*)

/"*on

,:
'

sQp'r+ B|+

1.,

(! *
t^^
'gn-\

:-^'vREF N+l

...* '
* ...-"

!....

From (*) we have:

1co*on

*1

.*or,+

, 1)

,
::1-ryll
/o,-.n

For an eor nt exceeding |oo le nend:

'

/+l

1orlr(| _

0.

/*nn >0-g/--,+

1*UjJ

l)

llll

=0.9

=l+N+l=l+t+1<l.ll
0.9
+
''=O.11+N+1<O.11

+1=11=N<10
The maximum number of outputs for an eor nt
exceeding to be lessthan l0o then we need N<l0.
n this case the maximum number of utputs for
and errr f less than 1 07o is N = 9.

Exercise 7-9

ri::rg Fig. 7.32,

]i

l,, =

!:. : o :

*,C

1p

10O

7'::-:o's
1
'Rl''
t -

'()r'""

.r..

Lt

+ 2(0.23
- \'

) :

096 V
g,,,r"

, - ]l0.1 mA)
w
,I
0.23 V
,.,,. = ;. ll __ (5Vlm)(O._]6
'
-'
O. l m
','':

r
l'o -_ l
I

1* r-.,

lo0:2a

l0OX l0Ok=5Mandor
:
"22 the simple mior R, : f : 10 k
o

x: 7.22 For the two cufrent sources designed in

Example
7.6, we have

,,*,

:{.

lr

R"

ru:rn: resistance, R, we need

,tli'f

For the Wilsn current mirror we have

r-:l oltage is
]][',,,,,,

- _\
,lL'_ -;l
'

whereas for the simpe mirrr fom equatin

(7.69) we have :

m)

i. / /)

a.87 mA/ v)(1s k)2

s,n

"

__

!:
Vr

:
'
25 mV

0.4

ancl

: b : l90 v: 10
, lOA ' M, rn: 8' :25

For the current source in Fig. 7,37awe have

Ro:roz:fo:1M

lffii,n

uu :trln mirror fiom the equation

For the current source in Fig.7 .37b fom equation

(7.98) we have:

&-

* 7-(Rl ,)1r.
n Exampe 7.6, R - R:

tl

1.5

therefore,
lll]].F]

il,rr,,,,,

10

o.o2o

&=[l l

(ll.5 kl| 25 kl]lo v

9Ro:54M
O.4

Exercise 8-1

Ex:8.1
Reerring t Fig.8.3,
f Rp is dubled to 5

Vn,

Vz

K'
I

Voo _ 1

Ro:5k

Ro

R,

- l'_5 - O'4 2m,, l : .s v

Vr"-u": vt+Vo:0.5 +.5:

+ 1'0v

Since the currents or, and 1p2 are still 0.2 mA

each,

Vcs

0.82

56,VcMin

- -

1.5

Vss

0.4V

vCS + vcs

+ 0.82

-0.28 V

So, the common-mode range is

to 1.V
-.28

Ex:8.2

(a) The value of uid that causes Q1 to conduct the

v ou
-+
.316 : 0.45 V
^zx
thn, Vr, : V - 1X RD

entire current

is

- 0.4x2.5: 0.5 V
Voz: V _ l- l'5v

1.5

: - ^l1 ov :

-o'45

to0.5-1.5:-1V

0.5

+ 1V

Vov: t/W-WL :

Ex: 8.5
With 1

_ (10V/m)

(!2\' :
)

1r' : z :

2(100

--+

i,l: 2vJj

^: ! - 0'8mA: .4m
22
," : !rn"()(V,,)2 Sothat

:36k
c"'()v",'

1Co'(V

/1v\ /4l\

O.l

w
,

2o

A l211o.z12

(40

)2

.5

\J,: \)^_;^r",|";r
2(100
(1

Ex:8.4

(0.36 m)

(w\:rW) \ ),
\ /,

V ouz

Vv

20 :5Ok
ro: vA
D - 0.4 m
A: g,"(R.| 16\
A: (4 mA/V)(5 Kl 50 K) : 18.2vlv

Since

Refer to answer table fr Exercise 8.3 where values vere btained in the fol1owing way:

O.2

^/-'(y)
o __ o - 0.4mA(2) :4mA'/
m
0.2v
Vv/2

.1

Ex:8.3

\vov

|/
- ^-:
'ov: 6- : fo'z,,nz2)lO0)

ro, : roz = tol : fo -

(c) Thus the differential output range is:

Vor: from 1.5

vrs

0'5 V

V:Vo:+1.5V
V2 : 1-5 - 0'4 X 2'5 :
or-

hen'

.8

: 200 , for all transistors,

l^ - ! - 200 -_ l0
)2
: 2(0.18 m) : 0.36 m

(b) For Q2 to conduct the entire currnt:

i,l

1:

A/v2)(0.2)

o _m
S'

A)

o
|Vov|/2

,o

)(2) - l mA/V.
0.2v

(100

8^(ro,ll ,r,)

18V/V

1(

m/v)(36

|l 36 K)

xercise 8-2

l :

]$,

J(lli111]]

l_.-lf

CMRR(dB) _ 20 lo_s'o

= 86dB

;1

::r

llllllll1ll llllil]nr,,

]]]]

W/

'

:i.

=lr.

,"o}u

:'.

for all NMOS

\)o
1

1, "C"'(0.2 mA

_ t/,
i

100

Jw

-l' .\ '/'(0.2).

,lrill

=m
4

mA/V

Jtrnr
,,"

I mA/v)(36 k)'?

l' _ =

i1i v)(36k)'z

r-,

Rr,

using eq. (8.64), and the fact that

CMRR

(2

. Rss)

r,\
\-)
:

Ex: 8.9

2lg

2_5

0.0l

10(

20,000)

):

2 mA!.)(25

86 dB

+5V

=d+P:lm/V

l|!l11,l||||,,

2),

Fs*19'"

CMRR(d)

--------------------

:: ,j# : .4m

Ei:(w\

]'1

l]r,lffi{*

g.:

11 )
_
---------_----_
:'l -\ 'i v'(0.2 V)' - -..'

lt

o"l'

i,:rW)

'l

"

36 k

-.

un)

-:6

(#)

From Exercise 8.7.

]llfrll]i ,ll

og,.

Ex:8.8

ransistors is

r.1]

20

H_

,5
tr

0-7

:4.3

ac _ +0.7

illtfriU

tll1ffi".

'l;

,,,

cz: -0'7
(-5+4.3x1)

ucr: -5V

ill/rfr],, {,"

aJ- \l jl

+.5v

I.296 M)

1ko

1k

*5V
: ':'each transistor is
G

il iil

:
-,

l_+

fl-:ntia]

:tt

..

:-

,:

.{. \

+.: ma

(: l)

x:8.l0

mA
gain for matched

'}oI

:8-R

frl rer:.
:l

'f,

)(5

K)

20 V

/V
1:0.4m4

-2J

\r

20. O00

rcirct-t

c:cz::I2:!:
: 0.2 m

0.4 mA

Li

tVcc

From eq. (8.66),

VC" -u"- Vc + a.4

= Vcc CRc+0.4
= 2.5 - 0.2 m(5
From eq. (8.67)

Vq

0.4v _ + 1.9v

Voz

Vc"-in: 'V+VcS+vB
: * 2.5v + 0.3 v + .7 V : -1.5 V
Vc"
^1n
nput range is - 1.5 v to + 1.9 v
Ex: 8.11
Substituting

lfl l iz :

o.99

Qs

1 in Eqn. (8.70) yields

-V

:
1+

r(z

UB

- Us2: v.

251n(1 / 99)

1:2A

31)/V'

Since>1,

l,(s-

-- ez- / _ 20-:

I)

22
P- : 6m!
P-C : 6m
- _ |Icl omt
vT

= 25 n(99): 115 mV

Rc:Rcz-Rc:

Ex: S.12
(a) The DC current in each transister is 0.5 m.
Thus V6s for each will be

V,u:0-7

= (15

0.5

cRc)
10)

0.1

.1

X RcSin( 2

0.25k

Since R", >> r",

|A

X 10Sin(2'1000r)

Rrll'o 1OOKli lK:2.0v/v

re 0.25
R,o : 2rn ro : : .'=' :
" B^ 4mAN
:
R',1
2(25 K) : 5 K

= 0.5 + 20 X 0.005Sin(2 x 1o00)

= 0.5 + 0.1Sin(2 X 1000r), mA
i62 : 0'5 - 0.1Sin(2 x 1000r), m

: 4mA/

ro:lVol

n -Vo - 10V =50k

,r_/ 200 A
r-'| = r-'2 : r- _ V - 25m :
F .

#:#:ro

(Vcc

1o0
25 mv

+0.25ln(T)

+:5-0.683:+ 4.317
(b)c.:
(c) j61 : 0._5 t g'oru,

l0

10v :lk
- l00

= .683 V

cl

Il:zoo"

lrt:

(d)

Vz

100t)

25k

f the total load resistance is assumed to be

mismatched by 17o,

- 1Sin(2zr X 1000r), v
62 : 't0 + 1Sin(2' 100r), v
(e) cz _ Cl : 2' S|n(2 0r), v
Cz - Uc
) Voage gain :

|A
- Rc - (.l)(lOK) - .Ol
|"ll _
r'
2(5
CMRR(dB) : 20 log,,, |!"| - z log,,,|200|

_ 2v

Note: f only the 1oad transistors are mismatched,

il - tsz
eak=2V/V

.1VPeak

:86d8
andsince- l,

lA,,l

10.011

xercise 8_4

llllll/rfl - :
'

- llllllllll[

[{liih:

t;
l

l,m

-' 1 i,il _

|1 10 K)y,.. Ex:8l5
;r - --(10O
FromEqn'
2 K) + r5 K

,,, : ,,/xT),.

ji

O.50ly,,,,

qlffim = ''' _,=='*

_]
0.499
'il*|Illll]],"l1|lli{fl{ll|lli

h"

ou'!=
tr
= - -)p -

i]llll]
li({llilllr]l

1llu

2.5 mV

u ()

:0.5X0.1 :50n
(l)(5 )

ro

,*

- l -__]_qq
l':ffil-r"-=0'5
,,,

__Rc
_

- }d "',
ll||]

(^t'1

rfv i,*

l .Vi,. :
* -"j: ,1___j!_L-.]!9
l 'fliii ,{. - : :5 K
_

(8'127)

Ex: 8.16

w lL|" ,, - 0.2m x lOO:

(W

l L\X .

0.l m

200

20 m

:20

Since al1 transistors have the same drain current

( l 2) and the name product w l L x . then all
transconductances g,,, are identical.

lv

orl

: @:o2
m/V

/20

thus,
]1fllfi ,,:

',ln

1/,,

due to R,, l Ro

1+"

, :
n : vnu

(0.8m/2l

o.2v -

+m

From Eqn. (8.138)

G^:8.:4mA/

fl.,

Ro -- 162ll

roo

20 :5ok()

,^":vonn,
y-4" :
,^" __
oo
I

(0.8 n/2)

(0.8 m/2

20 -

thus,

Ro:50|| s: zst

From Eqn. (8.141)

A' _ G-n^:
'-
-m
rr,rg

ll!,

:: l lVt is obtained

- Te

rta] input ffset is:

:
:

FromEqn. (8.148a)

y
v

|
A'.'"'-2,q-,R., 2x4x25 :O.o05v/

CMRR:

- v,i'I

4 m X 25 k

/2

n :
|A,.|

Ex:8.17
Frm Eqn' (8.156):

2
o"'- vt
E

G-:

g"'

} '. m
25mV '" v

(.8 m/2

From Eqn. (8.1 59):

Ro

:20,00()

--.!-qq-

dB

-+ 86

.05

162ll roo

,g:e :_-

: l'., l'" _l
r.'rr-2

Lsing fun- (8.179r

l'*
1

,_

1v :125k
- .8
m

Al _ G.XR]:

16X

125

20

Frm Eqn. (s.162)

R':

--2x

2 rn
V(

:20k

2x

'B-:

/2)'''

25

mx

160

(0.8 m/2)

l00V
l25k
1 - .8 m -

Va

'"**
Cunn:

20l

1-llrsl

16,0

104 dB

l0

20

.5 m

5 X 20

o.129

' :

0.105

2^

v*

A 0.129
50 0.129
Qr
100 0.l05 v
Qn
(d) r-: l0 / 0'05 : 200 k

: m : /2 _ 1m/2 : z0m
25m
v

vA
/2
: ro -

'' ,. zo

'

Q'Vo-:

or

50

Q'

Ex:8.18

+ Ro

Similarly

k)

20 lg',,(160, 00)

G^

'J]

Vov _

'25
\/
'01257

20

-2xl25K

A,' : ? -

200

thus. (Vl L),

(b) For 0,,

10:1X9O2oV^-u2

- f o

16 X

,1,

(W/L)l*16

=t-

For Qo,

,n*

^
''

(w / L3

=)V- /-.l29V

From Eqn. (8.1 67):

^
''

L);

(t1"/

l _ \,C,,'(),u"":

For a simple current mirrr the utput resistance

(thus R,,) is rn

-+R--:

0.775 m.V
o.7"75

mA/

1'90 m/V

6o:10/0.05:20k
6o:10/0.1 :100k
6,:10/0.1 :100k

(e) Eqn. (8.176):

Al : -8' Qorl\

'oo)
0.775 l2o0l| 20)

:10M

77'5
- _--v
i

Eqn. (8.177):

Ros

: oo":

10

From Eqn. (8.174)

n,

,",||

&:

Az: -8noul|
: -95 V/V

%]
:

5 M

20 X 500: 105V/v
i.e. 10 dB

A, x

A,:

Refer to Fig (8.41)

(a) Using Eqn. (8.178)

l.--(W/L)o,,2\
" (w/L)4
(W/L)s'5g

thus, (W/ L) 6

100

1".5

95

7363

v/v

Ex:8.20
Referring o Fig' 8.42,
So, %sl: :

V,,,,

* "

a1 1,

values are the same.

Using the equation developed in the text,

Ex: 8.19

+10:

'or)

Overall voltage gain.is:

[,
(10l 10) M

Ao: 8. X

Rs:

Rs-

@,
2

5'2'7

zv1ll al

l
('-,)

xercise 8-6

ill

lh@]:

,ffi1:

a'
1;
- _ ,.

iltu

t.:-

Vourr: V.r,t - V.

- i;

,,

.',,

ll

thus,

l
I

r0

0-38

0.15 + 0.7 : 0.85 V

y.r,
V"r,, * 8
: 0.85 + 0.15 2.5

,.,,

m/V

Finally,

{i{lllfr

* ffi

: - 1.5V
:
Vo
|vrrr| : .: v
eVcs,,:0.3+0.7:1V
Vc: -1.5+1: -0.5V

_,) :

Vo": V-

,'.\:

- %n.: +2.5 + (-0.3 : +1.4V

0.8)

,Jr'*:

;, ffi [:JO/0.8

Ex:.8.22

R'=20.2kdl
,,:8-513V/V

flxrre 8.5)
_

'

l1-'

Ro:152

{- L)

."p. :Q.-lV
-= _:.X9"
.. 40
Ji
L

'

:4943l

.8
-

'(

*.a, _- ]x90
.3 v
',, ,r',
l

{l -

Ex 8.23

:
r+1:101
s

.l Q'. are identical

to g,,

of

,Mllmmr

" t ltl-

--_ts

]tt{li1

ilil]
u"]1

]rr$
C-:-

{ ]

J0
0.8

*^--

I .r,

.r l__ ')
\{tw/L\t\ '

.f@_r))

Jl
\/ |2.5
[rlllfr a, , i1
-i x 90 u
]':tT

r._]

t ft, is:

ru.: 1-i0mV

.:

,1llll1

Ji,.

Jf)
1].8

15.7 :0.0492

15.7 + 303.5

R
Rr + R,3

3 + 234.8

0.01.26

i_

n0 / 0-8)

+
",

il*
i,s

Js *ide as B,,, then

} :
i[,

ir,r--Rs
i".t Rs + R,4:,:l
l

,,

'u T' )r:

10 k and R,- : 1 Lg1

20'2
A,' 85 I.1 X
20.2 + l0
(l + .I52)

With R,

:s:t00
ls

ibs _
Rt+R2
i,z R\ + R2+ Ri2
'i2:z:10o

40

40 + 5.5

0.8879

Thus he oeral cuen gain is:

-s!
|

: l0l

0.8879

x0.0492

lOOXo.Ot26X

100

55993 /
and he overall vlage gain is

vo _

'a

R6 .i"s
ir

R,,

: , 1i, 55593 :
20.2

8256

v/v

lOO..

xercise 9_1

Ex:9.1

A""' : =- ,Ro= x
Rc + R.is

A":
f

g-1R1

l0 .. ^..
10+0.1

Cr'
ll Rp)
10

2rwrco"* Cou

: ? x oX

1+y9

I
:o.o16Hz
- 2x1X(10+0.1
M)
l
|
__.]l8z
, :
IPz
2Cr/g'- 2l/2m
,:l:
J P'\
(t0 +
:8z

318

21 x

1)

vo

Ca

;6vo

4
xz9.4

Ccl: C: C62: | F
8. : 4 +c : 40mX25
k

: + :

1 m

lO0

6m

p: ;Cr'|R+ R"r
1

21[l00K11 2.5K+5K]
fpt = 21'4z
fpz

f,,:

fF

4,1

1+2+1
.6

Vr1,

: 5

'r""()"(vil'-vn),

l80

Co": "r.8-:zox1 12X40X10

: 0.8 pF
Ci" - 2 Cpn: 2 x 2 : 40 fF
Co: Ca, + Cie: 0.84 PF

Cno

0.w
2ofp :nrF

(**

n1

2.2Lz

FC)

40 x 10-:
2(0'84 + 0.012) X 10'12

7.47 GHz

x:9.6

2'1(8K+5K)

lh"l
|''re

Ex:9.3

l'
f

e.'

l- |l
l X l0- 9

.].45

"'
: 3.45 X 70_3F / m2 -- 3.45 fF/ m
C6u _ WL6C." : 10X '05 X 3'45

:172 tF

&
--fJ-+l:
50
'f

+f:5OOMz

f,.:72.2H2

^
*o'

J - ;\C

fp

fF

o : , - lm :4mA
or
v
vr 25mv

,:1
,rr:@

6.1

Ex:9.5

=L"l
1

fF

0.6

: lxzX2O(5-2)2:
2

_25
,'e -V, -25mV
lm
F
f

24.''t2

10

eak current occurs t V 1

i Peak

([-l-

C ao

x:.9.2

2.5

2CrrlRr'+ Ro)

Cga: Csy: l'72fF

2C61(R6 * R,ig)

r-:

3.45 + 1.72

V/V

9.9

f1-fn:

2n16n1q1
4 X

10_] -- |2..7 oF
c'+:
too
_
:
:
10.7 pF
2:
12.'7
12J - C
C
',,r,
Ex: 9.7 Diffusin cmponent of C
_ 10.' _2:8.7 pF
Sine C4. is proportional t 19, then:

at /.'

of l mA

Exercise 9-2

rl : l 87 pF
: i,87 pF

,tiil,,

Cio: 7 +

|il. lu,

, =

Ili.,

8.

:'rcn

(1 +

:68pF

+ C)

=u:

+ 1.5 +

1_3

13)

: l.42z

68p . l.65

Ex: 9.11 Using equations 9.61 and 9.63, we can

wrie the general form ofthe transfer function ofa

direct-cupled amplifi er as:
,4

''Dc
1+1- s{

(s)

,.

where

is he

DC gain

L J 41B

of the amplifier and,f.6 is the upper 3dB

m/V

frequency of the amplifier.

l_,r, :

l7.14

l0 Hz

Therefore

),"

-1'7

: (i

M)

3.7

,,,

- ''t

4.7 \)

>

|l'

MFz

l,

+ (RB + Rsig)

:_:,J.1_3XR;

:r ": I {

: ,

,","

{l{lfillri]}:' *

1{
|lll||ll|l

1.05 +

"q,

(100 ll 5)

('-*'-*)

R.| R.
k

]]]]l

R.,"

- i"

R.)

rwe have

+-

Kp1 and rr

lf ":0.99

{1

1.65

,(F)']

2-

[,

0.9 1, then

'(d)']

:,

-()') :,

p1, then

,-()'][, -('#::i')']
+.9rz,1,

1o5

,-()' : 11*()' :.1+:2.78

[,

j;'

il

AM

(1 +0.9'z)(1

-. -

2'

.(#):[, -(#)'] :

n:

L,

1l],ll

l0

('-,(#))('.(#))
f

*"

rr

A,M

|R5)

_:F -8.\4Crxrl

F'

*,,

1000 and

For this ampl ifier we have:

|Hti"'1|'

:._-l->1MHz
;-_,

lO5 z

x:9.l2

By definitin at

+ 17.14)

]l{1

R..

(s)

:
:

4.26pF

F/1s1

,,,.t_,-_.,

r.

n this case we have

'-()'
: 9.88

-()') :

:,

2+

: 1'O1*()' :

01

xercise 9_3

Ex: 9.13

Now we want o lind the vale of R.

Frm Exercise (9.l2) we have:

-/c' L' (,/

alp2: p1

K: l=lr.,
|
|

'|'94)'
\r'/

z=(:9i')'
\r,./

." : ^z-1 ,,:

c:

'

l_:
'rr'

) we

_-]-

|, ',
{'r,'

_r,:

k'r,:

r'

For the case K - 2, the exact value of ,, can

be und ftm the folowing equation:

-'

'(ff)']' (ffi)'l

L'

ssuming

- x

"

(trx2,(
'
'\ t*x''l
2]

wehave

r :

884.2 nsec

884.2

8 8

_ (R'+ Ri'l

R,:

R',]l R,,*

8O.8

g,.R|'R')Ct

k,s,,

: a s,

- 1pF

Thus
803.4 nsec

(s0.8 k + R; + 323.2R') +

\24'2R,

'

80'1'4 nscc

+ R;

8.R

].]:t k

2-23 k{L

', :
''

R, we hae
R'n
,n,'.R; ,
R;,, + R'i"'o,,",

,'
''' -

420

For this value of

420
x
1(l()

4> 2.23

- 7.2l

Ex: 9.15

2=)

4+1K2+t)2'K2: =

k()

-(K' | )+.,K']l l,)2-4]

v:

-H:
I

FrK: 2a':0.84rr
l

0.84"'

' _tr
g-IrJ,

Vu:

_.89l

F _ 4, using equatin

(*). the exact value

g _

Pl

/'a
ll -' :

Ex: 9.14

l'

l8 Xl28.3

F'
l
illtr'

V'

Ri,,({))

1.38_56

]'_:9

\1z

V,,()

VJVre

()

\Hz

(mV)

128.3 z. theretre. the

gain-handwidh prducl i.:
10.8

R,n V ,^ and
*lk'.'s'""

ssuming['.:1Vwehae

.Q7r

,
v/V an|.f,, -

We hae

rl

',

O.95 ",

n this case, the apprximate value of ,,is

FI'

lQ_\! ,, _

A|

(v/V)

r,is:
,,

Using Miller's theorem we hac

,
i,'

n this case, the apprximate alue of ,, is:

lpF

Therfbre, the gain-bandwidth pduct is:

7.2 X 18 Hz: 1.296 Mz - 1.3 Mz

-z-

1o*[r,l)x'1l
Kr \ K'/

lpF
, - 122.6 k{ -_
'
324.2

g-lrJ,**
O.71

=>

Rr,1Cg

=,>

-t

For: +, _

"

X l80 Hz -

2:

's,1

Cg,l

{'r,'

803.4 nsec

ll - | , F-

I
a" - 2"f

80.8 nsec

"o

are at

180 Kz. We hae:

T{'\_ _
(4

.64n,(exactvalue)

(noethatinthiscasethezers
ha,e

'(:?]'l
\r2,/

(9t)']l
\,lr'i JL

inf,

result

' ,(#)'l' (#)'l -,,.o

10

909

476

4.76

4.16

99

90

-9

-9

000

9.99

9.9

-9.9

-9.9

.999

-9.99

-9.99

l000

xercise 9_4

::

solution of Exampe
-=::-mined by the exact
;

- -].:5 X l : -12.5l
Tiril:_

jdth product (f,) is:

-" CHz

:l

: :.lrl approximation of

i,, = ].}1
l';

Gzandf.:

R;_lXI0:2.5k
'4
|A'l : 8^.R' -- 2.5 x2.5
: 6.25 A/A
we have:

im
"'li tlltl

fl

x{r1r

r'e have

;
.l*

.ls'.lmin

- r;F_

2'[[2o

f :

+5

f(l

6.25l

f' :fo,

.R.,e + (CL+ Cs,)RLl

*._{5)].10K
,d,"

n]5 , ]]-r= 1.4Gz

r'*ed b}

r^-^^:
'nn

= . Q

lll:|!gil:

1__

in example

bv 4 reduces

x 250

1.56Gz

Ve,
1

l3OV:130k
lm

r :lvo:50V
,npnr'-7l
-lrA -sol
R. : ,onpn ll ,opnp : 130 k |l s
R;:36k
1
lmA - 4.'
.^m

m VT 25mV '- v
B
20C)
r_
" 8' 4 - _sk
v

(a) From equation (9.97) we hae:

rn

-rr(e.Ril
5 (4ox
36+0.2+5 36 k) -

and Vuuby 2

.^-mA
v

-'

ll''|,]]ltl,.

.1

6.25

+ 5) f 2.5

25ol]z

Ex: 9.19

Au:
^ ;l

K + (25

+ 6.25)]10

+ f'zf":

250 Mz

f,=|'1' f :

j]:i:::'are

imr

ll

_':en

a:

2{|Cr, + Cgd( + 8^RL)]R"+ (CL+ Cg1)R;}

f

._e >.uion of Example

; : ' nected at the output

-rr

Using equation 9.93 and assuming,

_ l75

y
V

-v- _ nsy

A..

(b) Using

Miller's theorem we have:

C,n: Cn+c(1 +c.RL)

: 16 pF + 0.3 pF(1 + 4 X 36) :
C'" : 448 pF
,1:l

'''

- znc,nR'",,

2Cinlr,

||

1R.', + r,)l

f":+:82.6kz
(36 + 0.2)
x
2l

448 pF 5

ll

448 pF

4.3

(c) Using the method of open-circuit time constants, from equatin (9.1 00) we have:

CoR'"rr+ C[(1 + g.Ri)R"1. + RL] + CLR;

R. :

,, |l (R.,. + r,) ,onp, || rorn, _ 36 k

We hae

R.,*

4.3

Etixe e-5

Thus:

16X 4.3 + O.3t(1 + 4 X 36)4'3

+5

36

36]

R'"

2'72 nsec

f,,:

C", : 20 ff'C.a : 5 fF c
R*1": 10k'R:20k'

: l *;;R, :
.;
6m m'o

-75.lkz

20.8

5
- ]5
X ]

(9'104)
(d) Using equatins (9.12), (9'13)' and

R,
5.r: _"' h.' + R,n- l0 - 20'8

we have:

To

40

I v
f z: 2C"- 2.3 pF
I 8,

--

ic*it + g,,R.)1R.1*
+f : 75.l kz

2|C

"

(same as in Eq.

{^-

l IC"' Cu(l 8.R)lR.l* +(C C)R

2
LC,(.CL + C) + C.C*1R"igR
: 25.2 1z
f o
(e)f'::|AM|f -- 115 x 75'l kz

l, :

Hz
Mz

3.1Mz

:'.

l,l

2(C+ Cr,1)R'

|A"

/tpd

__ '_----------:a

2R}'f7
12.5

ix10kX2Gz
+C':94.5 fF
F;x

9.2l

For a CS amplifier fed with R'ie

and

2(C 1+

CscoDE

Av:

-Sn,(Rrll

5O

216 +

ExamPle 9.12:
g'o : 1.25 m/V ,

r, _

'

16)

-lx4o: -2ovlv

ro * (8'nz'roz)rol
roand

(g.ro)' ro

8^ : 8^
ro(2 + 81ro)

g*2:

:42ro

: -g.(42rsll tr) " -8''

: -40 v/v

y.'nsc,,n __ _ 4o

ucs

,1

: Cr,'
+

-20

R"lg

O'25

* Cra[(l

(cL+ cd)RL

ro

thatdo not

Cr,

g-'Rr)R'1,

+ R1

Rl : ,oll ', : 2
9 ll : C,,' Rsig + c,a[(r * )o.'J
: 4o
since Cra : 0.25 Cr. and g'rs

where:

k ' and from

R.) : -g'1Rtll rs)

R, -- rz *
sincerr, : f :

-g",1Rrlt|

CS - mffier

L-c,
*,*4:t*+(*,l
T C, [,

mpifier:

where

'

R :

I
: -)(g.rol

include Rri*; also Cra

8n/(2'Cr) ':C'!^C'o
Ca
%/Lrcr+ Cr)1

xz9'22

b)f,,: Neglect compnents of

C r,1)

Therefore,

T'

280

a) Lo\-requency gain

A'' g.ro40; Rr:

o
fr
J, : ;C;,l

f, -

:6'75 k

+ Av

t:

42'7 z

Ex:9.2J

R6

-5 XfF

we know that:
J

2O'8

9.1 2)

- mplif ier'. Au
Since: Rt: ro-+

to place
remains the same as that of the example'
we need
f',' at 2 Gz

2Gtlz:1r:lAvl'fn

11

(8^r)' R",*

CS

Ex: 9.20 Referring to the slution of Examp1e

9.l1 we hae .f , : |A"I ' /r, since |r|

10

/ : ;:

Thus.

= 1 5'1

13'1

-_ 16.2v \

: 179'5 k
R3.1 : 50O Kll 2s0 K
1 : Cr,'Rr. * (Cr,1 * C)' Rg
: 20 f x6.75 K + (5 f + 15 f) X 179'5
a : 0.135 ns + 3'59 ns : 3'72 ns

(cL+ c)R'L

Since$r <<f. andfp1 << f, ths f" - fo

Rsi 1l R,"

Rra : R 1l Ro
Ro : ro1 R.i

2l .2Gt1z

fp =

1_

btaini:

Rr, :

fF'

15

Etise

_5

(9'104)
(d) Using equations (9.102)' (9'103)' and

ff.C.a : 5 fF C : 15 fF'
10 k, Rt : 20 k '
- R,
l - 5
n'" :
{'o
l25,n
g- ;.=
: 20.8 k
Rt
__ 5.=: l6'2V
cUl' -R.; R,. l0 + 2'8

we have:

Thus:

" : 16X
+5 x 36

4.3 + .3t(1 + 4 X 36)4'_]

36]

2'12 nsec

t':
JH

2-

-75.1kz

f:

8,_
2C
"

fz

40

2 0.3 pF

:
R.,. :

20

C_*,

btaini:

:
Rr,r :
Ro :
Rr,

_-2|.2GHz

R.i ll R,"
R. ll Ro

roa R.

1C"+ c(1

fil:75'1
fpz:'

[c,

2
f n7

+ 8,tR;)]R.jg + (C1+ C*)R

kz

+ C(l + 8.R;)]R,ig + (C. + C)R;

|C"('CL + c) + C.C*lR"igR
25'2

Hz

since$ l .< f , *d

"lf- =|A|fa:

l :

t <<

|'5

foz, ts fa - f1, = 7 5'7'7z

75'1 kz

13'1

Mz

13.1Mz

t plae
remains th same as that of the example'
f, at 2 GHz we need

2Gz : 1r:

:
+Cr:
F.'x

l,l
2(C+ C*t\R'

|A|.f n
lA^,1

' i"' ', -L

2R''" f ,

:1

_5 XfF

12.5

;vo{|xG'
94.5

and

:
a :

:0

2(C 1+

.1
/g :

3'72 ns

_- 42'1z

gain

2., / \2C

Cri

",1)

Example 9.12:
1.25

'

cra

Re

and from

mA/V 'r,,:20k{'

r)

-- lxao- _20V/

: fol :

: 216i

roand

(g.ro)' 16

gn2:

8^

: 8'

ro(2 + n{o)

:42r

: -g-(42r9ll .r)
: -40 v/v
ycnscr,', : _4o : z
rcs
-2o
/, : Neglect

components of

C :

ro

that do not

g,'

R1)R'1* + R11

+ C,,)R'L

R; :

,o1|

a : Cr,'
since C.7

-8''

0'25 C*

Cs"' Rrg * Cgal(l +

+ (C
whee:

c,a

||

2'
Z(8.rol
cScoDE mplifier:
Au : -g*(Rrll R.) : -g''(R6ll rs)
where R, : toz ro * (S,nzrz)rol

'

Cr

Ctsd)l

L=Crrr-!t:lfg
T - c"' "- f,
:

CS - Ampifier

g'/|2(C1l

x 9-22 Rl.

280

f X 6.75 K + (5 f + 15 f) X 179'5

include R.i_*: also

Therefore,

g- _

- Amplif \er'. Au: -g.iR,

Since: Rt: ro-+

'
Au

:6'75 k

C)' Rg

(Cr,1 +

Ex:9.23 a) Lo\ry-requency
Au'. g',ro40: Rt: r

b)

C r,1)

f : ;LRJ

'

179'5

0.135 ns + 3'59 ns

Thus.

2so

+ A

fF

9.21 For a CS amp1ifier fed with R"',

Kll

ll : Cn,'Rr. *

sincerr,

o,t

we know that:
J

50

CS

Ex: 9.20 Referring to the slution of Example

9.l1 we have /. : |A"| ' /, . since |r|

=C,
- "L -

R.q.i

2O's

(g^r)' R"i,

(same as in Eq. 9.12)

Kll

\'

',

R.l + C,,l(l *

o'25

Cr

and g'nrs

)o.'J
: 4o

Exercise 9-6

,,1i11.,,

*,::'

C., X 21 X

Rsie

t,,,Jll

To ca1culatefi

\,e use the method of open-circuit

time constants. From Figure 9.30 we have:

: r'||(r'* R.ie)=
R',ig : 4'4 k
R,t : R'.ig : 4.4 k

5 Kl|(0.2 + 36)

R',.ig
tems that do

uty::l' he

]]xlx1

i.R.)]

il2r

'

Ro

8-ro

roll R,",

:,,,

[,",[_.t+ll
L \'r, - o; t11

: 130 K|l 35 :35

Rr1 : R',r*(l *g*rRo)*Ro,
Rr1 : 1.6 k
n : Co 'Rot * Cr1 .Rr * (C",t

R1

- --'...(' -))

Ro + (C L + Ccsi + Cr)

' :

16px 4.4+

x 3s + (5

, :

0.3

+ C.z)

(Rr l Ro)

pX

K+

10.6

p +0 +0.3 p)(50

Kll

(0 + 16 p)

26 M)

339 ns

|
t.: 2'"
-469Kz
2 X J39 ns f, =|l'"1'f n : 242469z

-i*(r,._)

Mz

113.5

Compared t the CE amplifier in Exercise 9.19,

|"| hasincreasedfrm 175

242

\'_.iion of

/ V ,fi

V/V

to

z to
Mz to

has increased from 75.1

469 z andf, has increased from

113.5 Mz

3.1

o increase/, to 1 Mz we need:
::r_iner considered in

. i

16

:-.l

!r[l

r] "

*,t
'il
s*

u-l _ 0] k

5.2k

:52v/v

1_

:{]

tQ
+

i:k:
..

26q
1l

!59 ns. thus

4.4 K + .3 p X 10.6 K + 16 p

(cL+

x:9.25

p).(s0 Kll 26 M)

0.3
1.4

R'

35

159 n.

pf

Rl| ,. --

:10K

20

K|

FromEq.9.121 wehave:

-iK

]|]

=J.l
r

+ C,

px

,,-:T1-\

-'

""

R.)

.25 X l0 :
8^R't
4,, '
''' l-l g'R', - l + l.2-5 X l

O.93

l ., |.25m
8'
J_
(20f+5
r"("J%)
:8Gz
1.8' - l.l.25m-locHz
r_= 2r
Cr, 2 20 r
: R,ig : 10 K
R,in*R'
n
^'"--

R*7

1ll-f.

l.48 k

lO ll

l-125l

y
v

Exercise 9-7

R,.

:20 K

R._.

0.74

flnd

To

Rll R.

:
8' :
r,

*)

20 K l 80

fF :

Rgax

Cr :

10

R8' X

Cr,

1.48

k x 20 fF -30ps

0.74

k X l5 fF -11

k X

. -

ps

H associated with Cr, Cr,, and C. are:

9t

x t0

30
9l

55o''

l0O

91

| r..:
n 2"

x 9.26

r,,
'M

2 x 9lp

R'.lc

( + 1)(r,I R.)
R'"is + ( + 1)[r" + (r" || R1)]

and

+
: R.ig *

, Assume

r, :

^8r:
L"

C,:

/. :

2C

r_

''
-"+

6n

2(C' +

C)

+1
2C.r.

-2pF
400 z

14PF

:
ThusF.:=l'
" lL
-r.

we have:

459

: R',igll ['" + ( + l)R']

R'si R.ig * .. : 1 k + 0.1 k
" :.1 k
R'1 : R.||r,,= 1.1 kll0 k _ 0'99 k

11

q"R)

-- 55z

"

(]/ /

L)

,
.8m - +m
Vr g. : tou
V
0.2
(b) Aa : S.(R, ll r,) where
Vo
20
' : ( / 2) - 0.4 mA - 50k
=Aa-4m(5l| 5 ): l8.2
0.2

(c) For a CS amplilier, when R"'* is low:

{-t (Eq.9.106)
J
)n(Cr+Cr,)R''
R't:

R1|

,":5 Kl

1OO

fF + CDB

hus.

oo

,-

- 2rcu;,

andC,

we hae:

weknw

,:1
rH

where

100

=G -.965yv
.1
J
' rtcJ"

1.1 + .99
1
.99
2.5

''l+--t-.1
2.5

R,-51

we have

o - - lm -40m/V
m
V 25mV
in this ase Rs J - , we have:
that
noting

r:'

l.75GHz

:-V -|00x25mV-2.5k
l m
/
-

c,:

+ R"
R',
s!ts
"

x:9.27 (a)Vo

!!x:zqo
'

we have:

= 337o''

+ (10 + 1).99]

R'rl*'R'
'l---'
re
r

50 ps

9l ps
lH - |rd | rr, ..] .CL
The percentage contribution of time constants to

1.09

"

kll z.s

1.1

we have:

c -- Rcx Ct _

50

:
:

o.il (,,

, :
JH

21

ll0f l

50

K:
110

tf) X4.5

4.5

fF

:2q5Mz

Using the open-circuit time-constants method

for R" : 0 k
(d)

.f

"

_ !_q9.85)
z H

wl'
ro

from Eq. 9. 84:

e' cr"'R, I
+

cL.

csl[R.( I

] g,R'.)

+ R'11

R'L

thus,r:50fX10K+"'
1o

ftl K(1

4 m X 4.5 K) + 4.5 K] +

(10f+1f)X4.5K

1, :

Q'J ns' *

1.96 ns

0.5 ns : 2.96 ns
fn: /(2x 2.96ns) _

53''7l1z

"'

Exercise 9-8

Using Eq (9.1531to (9.157) we have:

:9.28

'

2'
2

' (0.4 p)2.5

: 9.29 For

Rll R, _ 20Kl| 6K:15k

Rr7 _ R.ig(l + G.R'L) + R'. : 235 k

R':

Css ' Rs,

MHz

15.9

Rc.

-- ;8.'f
I

:R'ie *

m
25 mV

''2

20

:lO.5k
R, : 2 = l kRn, - -
'J
2
^'
B _ CgrRg,+ Cga'Rr* CrR'

m/V

:20

10v :200k
'2 - 0.5 m
i'o

19

1O9

#-:

15

Mz-1.l Gz

::i;;

Since in this case fe| : "2 -- r" and

,:r:wehave
Rin : ,,l n -- 2r' :2PV' - 10 k
C

Ri,= ( * 7)(r"' *

200)

we hae:

,, r-1J :r

- '- - R', : -g'(R''||

-+X(2k|l
:: :s

2k)

_ro

using the method of open-circuit

- ]:-:-S 'e can employ Eq (9.8a)

'
'': + C3,l[R.ig(1 + g.R') + R'']

:+5 f[20 K(l +20)+

"

v.,* -

r")

10 K]

l"

lll

:.:;
_j-_:

.2z

lT' g

-.*R,.1

R, _

2_

3r,

-! :60k
_.-R _ p_ :*2x2o

-:
'l

.,lr
1]

we hae:

pt:

,"(7

+ c*){n,,,ll 2r -)

ftt

+ 2 pF)(1o K |1 1O

'1

K)

-6.4z

2_

^A
3V

2'2pFx10K

-8Mz

Therefore, the transfer function f his CC-CB

amplifier is:
AM

(s)

lsll

l
. ,,, : |) or

' '()

,^

/o'

: 2\ 10 + 10 i /c - 5y
v.,n 11.,=,9,=)]*.

^l
Jr!
tz:
;_-;
^
2C"R,

1.22Gz

]eseneation of

)*,,R.

we have:

-dh product is:

:..] \'

Rr,.

!-e-

K
---lH----:6l

r"2)

1( R',=
+
2\R,n

Mz

Ex:9.31

:-'1pFX(20Kl|
-'- \1z - .8 Mz

it

.:inant ple is set by the output lad

1

f(10.5 K + 5 f X 235 K + 5 f

1.46nS+/E

GBP

v/v

20

1xz!4X2k
_

Rs

.5

vr

R'ie * Rs

1*g.Rr"#o, 1+2#

a laded bipolar differential

;1ifier:

* Rs

R.;n

('*

#*,)('-;)
(s)l2

'-)"'

A'"
2

';':r

Exercise 9-9

Ex: 9.33 To obtain Req:

Thus:

A,"

(, , zof

\'

tznf
'f)
'l')(, t

R2

'

,-^;)l'- ,^t;1

-5Mz

thus,

for} _

10

Mz:

2rXl10''

'

_+

:'-------=
l'

L 1

Un,2 _

:
8n(,

From Eqn. (9.177)

1.,

G'z :

2z-C2

1| 2525

lmA

25 mV

* Cs

0.6 m

2x2

'

_-.

/V
F

2.2 k

* S.rR.s)

oo

znJ,
4m

2x

400 m

thus.

:14pF

Cnq:2PF+ 14PF+2PF(l +40x3)

0.6

m/V

[. = 0'6 mA/V
- 2oz
2-X 4.8 pF

s
v

* Cns :

Frm qn. (9.1'73)

Gurz

20 K || 400

-R: :3 k

Cn5

..3 m/V
^
Cr__-4.8pF

.7

o-::r\

m/V

0.3

Req

Rs

Examp|e 8.4

ll 2imy
lm

: C"z* Cns + c5(1

C*z:Cns:2PF

fL,

G,nl'z

-4OOk()

Cnq

xl. 9.32 From Eq (9. l78)

G' :

T obtain Ceq

.,' : 9.rm
'c

20k

_2525
Thus.

Using the approximate formula, we have:

il.,,

ll r"'

r.s-(' l_
Is

fn - 4.6Hz

l-+-

162

0.25

Slving this equation fr/ we have:

-L
/l

Rrll

l00
,^'-uo
_m
1.,

("&\(',&\-,
I ri,J\ f,)
[t

Req

At"

:258 pF

Finally,

.1p

,'. Rrs rq

_ 48 z

2x2.2Kx258p
280

Kz

Exercise 10-l

,l.,',illl

1]]l"_

:1v/vandr:197

.1

', -3 - l - l -
_:4
Ar 0

'

Ex: 10.4 For xampe

I

_
tlr[
lli]ll_-:1

;_

-l:-:: lf feed-back is:

Ll

= _ 1l x 0.09 : 10 which is 2OdB

= - \:lo -- AtVt: lOx I : IOV

l:lj

1;

:0.09x10:.9V

]l

]i

r-

20%:

80

- 1 V and Vn, New Sri rati - 100/

Ex: 10.6 Replacing

V/V

0.01

1.--61 -+2.M ofzt1

4O

dB

the amplifier by its small

signal mode

9.7561

= 0.99 + 0.0099

animprovementof 20 lg(0/1)

b'

V'r + Vnf

:
- !r . 11.09

.
,r..,

AtA, *,'
A'
:
A|A2 V"1 + A
(l Xl00)Xys
lxvn
- r (l00X )X l l J (X
l)
l

Thus, V",

il-

i!i]:T1:ses

+):(1 +(6X1O3)X10_31 :7
.'.fnr: fn\+ ): 1x7 :7k.z

(1

V,:v

1i

"'il

Ao-60o0.:10_]

Ex:10.5

3:-=--1:10.11

8.1

vo

10

4ll.,,.] 1_ V/Vand/:lo3

_l
_ I
AJ IOr

-;: -a_

l4

r11111

i:

'-1',

Open-loop gain: without R2 and R, ang the gate

-rr : :etd-baCk iS:

tl = --.,'x9X104

',

,,''*'

grounded:

10 which

rIilll

]il , = 1 ''\.

: 10 V
*
= 9x1 ax10: .0O9v
_ :0.001 V
10' X .

lll,,,,i

'*A:

4l=.
''-

_-.*.
1lll1]iliJ:''

ll

a__rj

I+

L.

he larsest close-lop gain

ril':i-:] -{

: 1000V/v

1!0:10v/v

l|llttll]l*

)'

:l:ljfiers are cascaded:

!'

lLl: llli

lli,

.1

il':l

l !'

* --__

- ' l :

1000

V/V

;:

0.3 maximum

Feed-back factor:

and

2+\f

ClsedJop

A. :
'

Vo :

.,.]n, xn6:1o

_ l:

V6: -g'Vr"Ro
Vr,: -Vt+A:

ga1

:
Af

B^Ro

.Vo) :

#t

Vo

V,

*B-Vc, x {(Rr

Rr) ll Rr}

(R2J Rr)Rp
q v
= or'r'\
R, + Rr * RD
butR2 + R >>

Ro

R2 +

+ RD

+Vo-( .V,,,-i-J#)
: -g^Vr'R
-Vr": Vr-vt - Ys

-*tuo
Rr+R2

-R2

+ Rt

xercise 10-2

:i

V,

+Vo-c.n,ty,#}

&

v,

{l

#*}

v,
V, - o'Rr-# - R= -o

8.RVs

Closed-lop gain:

Thus

tr,:vo:
' V,
if

,4'

'
"':

8'Ro
I * g-RpR1l(Rr

+ R2)

+(8.Rp)'Rr /(Rl +R2)

g.Ro
_R+R2
g-RoRJ(R, * R)
&

>>1

:l*&R

Ex: 10.7 Frm Example 10.2 we know

4,t _- -8':R3 where g,rR,

that:

is he pen-

',rRo

thus:

, =

A >>

'-9

S^zRo

1+&
RM

o: Ai,nz'vs-vf} : A.z{Vs- Rr}

+ o( l RrArg,,,2) : AS,nz'Vs
A8'z
o
' _ ys
- | RrA,g'2 which is the Same
'''
A
as,:
j 1+
f >> 1 * RrA,g', >}

n'^

1 and

A8'z

i,g',

-+t,-J, -R

l*&
RM

oop gain

if loop-gain

A, :

6 _ A1gn2V, andV, : Vs- Vp

>>

R,

t2

Ex: 10.9 The equivalent small-signal circuit fbr

Fig 10.11 b)

##R") (,.ff)

vo

lr *
\

-AV

RMl

Ex: 10.8 The equivatent small-signal model for

Fig 10.10 b) is:

Vo:

_V,--+v'
' :

s: , | ,

vo

i
v'-_

:,t

, v,- vo _ -vo_vo
'f - R,
A &
,,( 1 , 1)
-'oR,
&,
1'

(1) + (2):

open-loop gn:

: -vnl
&

V,=V'

n _ '1nzVg,, and 7r. :

9 n : g',(A'V

')

-+ A

AtVt

: 'i,:

iR,,

vo

-1.,1
-RF

if

>>

,.1*, ,#r*".1

Is (l*1*&

o,r*'

vo

and

t
R-u,)

R,, >> Rr

=tr1*+-tandAr--Ro
A ARi,t -

xercise 1_3

Rl,
1

Rnr:

:103
-

to3lxlo-31:7

{6

,-0

201

10

191

R,): : 1':: : =:
9.57
! +

19.1

l8.8

Ex: 10.L2 The feed-back network is composed f

the votage-driver resistors R1 and R2
a) The loading effect of he feed-back netwrk at

rn

rx20

- Rs :

(R",,, l

+ Ror,

_ {) _ 1x7 :7kLz
]

R,y

theinputis:

* 0.7

R, ll R,

b) The loading effect of the feed-back network at

the output

: 5, r"3 : 5

is: R, * R,

A circuit

The

is:

Rt R2
I

"'qil'-"x

N'o

9K

For the CG amplifier:

To

l)(r", * r"r)

':

_0) +

(1l

R, ll

9) :

21

R
o
P -Vo
- - RJ&

A,:

_-1//V

i*,

''A'= Substiuing:

'
^,

t,

obtain :

Ro

. ' 20 l:rll
r+lJ

8-[R|| 1n' + nr)1

V/V

= 85.7

1+
'

8.R

,,Rr(l i

g,R,)

.Rr + R2

if Rr + R2 >> R, we obtain the same result as in

Exercise 10.6
From he circui:

vl,

Ri - |/g.=R'n _ -j-(lr )
1

6n

R
I

_
il,

1
-

85'7

r=.:,

I + 85.7 x 0.1 *{

219.57

201 k

g.96v

R l (R, + Rr) +

Rnu,

(Rp ll R1 + R2)

1+

Exercise 10-4

Ex:10.15

Ex: 10.13 Referring to examPle 10.5

l ,-2OO
5XlOr

'-1=:R.:
"r
'''-R
Af

A ,nz

Rrn

1 -f

Atg^rRt

20ox2x 1
:
1+200x2x10'-3x200
3

4.94

mA/V

Ri, + RF + (Arg.rRt)R,,1

:1O0 K +

2oO +

(2

x2X

10-3 X 2O)' lO K

:8.1 M

Feed-back network:

Since r2 >> Rr, i.e 20 >> 20

Rou,

,oz(1

'l Atg*rRp)

K (1

+ 20X 2

O_3

2)

:1.62 M

lf g',r: lmA-+ Ar: 4'818 m/V

Ar _ 4.878 4.94 : - |.25e
AJ

4.94

Ex:

R-' ' R
l0.l4 _
,;ir,. no

A"
''J

-'ov

__

lOm/V
' ''

and

w:ith

vo
v

/ = l0 m/V

-1Om600

,s

(b)

A, =\
'-

J - lO: *#--+R.:
_ -6v/v

r - -|
^
o_ *'
(a)if >> l Ar - ,_o,
i
v

8OO

A-circuit:

o
Vr,

:
:

- s.v

ll Ro) - ano

,,(r,

Ir(Rs ll Rr)

_ -(Rs
=1,: -!
/.s

.A
:''F
1+

RF)8,(ro l

RF)

Rr)g.(r, ll Rr)
t * (i, ll Ro)g.(r, 1l RF)/R,
-(Rs

This figure is for 10-15(b)

*
s

|1

11

Exercise 10-5

rrmffilll li11r
|lftlth;lllrru

lL1tL

l;

nt

-::

_::

'm''' ''" =-

-:sed

in Example lO.7

1+

Ri: Rs ll n.:
Ro: ,o |l r. :

]]ll11]ii

iliii

]]m,'

: -1/RF _ -|/10 K: -O.1 m/V

: -3.3X-.1 :3.O3
_ _3.03 - _7._52 k
Ar ' t,4
--

]]]];,,",

',{}-

'_nll

-'-"_. j
/
-

liil{it

, i

,R F

--, ll

p
,.F.

=;
;_

ilil1111

Ri.

"'

__

13.o3
1 |l rO:9O9
20 |l 1O

6.67k

__--_-]q-

l-5m(2|| lok1 -

2g1

t'

: 2 :225.6l
" - -Jl+ 4.03
j__ 6.?l
R,,, - _
- I.66 k
''' l+
4.O3
R,,

R,,,,,
{itlll{i

20

K
K l', _|
l-5.l=

I'66k

: 1
Rs_-ror:1KRl:K
Rz:9kg.:5mA/V
ro: 20k

Ex:0.16
]lll1] ,;l]

RF

-;

1-

1il1

Reer to Example 10.8:

i
:illl]]|'

Ri

:]_,-:: _led in Exampe 10.7

rilll'

;RR
oo
j ._,ll n-l
'

1lil{i

R.)

if we call

,L
llll
'r

ilil

rl

R.

rillll

&

ll

10
A: _.=jL:
'R, ll R, - -l0O. 1-l
: -1.1t X 103 /
: -.1 /, unchanged
: 111
_.ll.lor : _9.9l
,J /
+ 1I1

*,":
ff:9OO
R : 900 K, unchanged
Ru,, : (1 + 11).9K :

111

Ex:10.17 f

xlf!

,',

!-:

:JR.:
t.

f,
'

A11

= 1,=
Rl+R2

: -,

if >>

-+

idea1

'

R;:Rsi| ,, ll R, :|| || R:R

Ro

A,:-|:1lA

20 k

,]

Rl : =+:

1O

of o is fed-back.

:+

j- R. R.)

unchanged

|l 10 K)

roz+ (R, il o) * g,ror(R,ll o) -- ,o,

Replacing R, for 0 in Eq 10.69

Exercise 1_6

- R,r^.
''o':
1 ..

A_

o
-xr

S,Ri:_8-R

o1

-l-l'8.'Rr
l. g,'RI

-,

Frffi 10.77:
sF'
- F8'rrr'RI
R",i_ '3''.'nr'R1

To obtain Rin:

R'
l+

o.:
"l
Ri"

Rr

x : t0.20 A( 'i)

8,,RI

Thus

T--J
R,,

Rr:

At ,,r,f

RS

_l

-+R'n

-Rr

Since

\l '.lll()-

=O

ll : 1:", -

When

Ex: 10.18 Small-signal equivalent circuit:

-V
8,,2'RD2
r, , n, F R l l/8,,
v'

.'.

'6 x lO'

mplifierstableif ll < 1 at

1^
g. >> '- g R,n -_ l / g,,

1_--,-;

/\'
l --_------

: -3 tan-(z l04)
1(,*,,'/l0j) :
, : 18 + tan

('r,,/104)

+ ll

., _

,oo,

o_ffi 4ml0K

For clsed lop gain

lK
(
).r:l6.6fl
\t ll |/4ml

r _ / (l ^F):
'rf

1 0'4
Cmpaed t 17.39 btained in Example

t(l")l

* (..F)')"'

_ 1+105X.01 :
: .f ,(. +r9):
'f ,1

ra'j

8()'

0.008

lO1

Ex: 10.21 Pole is shitted by factr

o,'

:''

1001

t00X

l, :

+ ''

10'1l::

_ l

10'(lOl)

xz 10.22 Frm Eq. 10'92 oles wi1l cincide

when

(r,

rr)2

Using

10O,

pl

4(1 + ,,) r1"2

10a,

106

radls

:
- 4(1 + 10 ) X 1l0 0
l+too _ (1.1)'?Xl0i4
: 0'245
Corresponding Q : 0'5
: 010'7 and
Formaximally flatresponse Q
r---------,
l
J(l r l00)X l = - O.5
_4 __
ll
l- + l0

(1O1+ 16)2

."
Fi-10.19
..i ,"... V,:

-_--

r,

9,,,

ro

LR.
t_R,
^

R.. y,

8. rn
,v
_'.\ _
-_
''Y rrtR._R'
=' ='R..

_..:2
no - 5m\2K/l
11
20 K . l ' l
as compared

3.03 btained in xercise

Cresponding gain is

,
"

10'

l5

A
_
' . l

l0

-t lO0 X

.5

-_l.q6\

Exercise 10-7

ruMmm

i:,: ples are found using

]]illlg

&:!-

lilli#-__n:0
* jl
,rMi

1i]-

"i'l',__:
]]ffi

d *s$

i]:l:',,

-:-1)__

rl-

s1

- :.'

1O0)

2019lAl

10

1o.

dB

201og(1/lBl)

llill

0dB

:t]:lon ae:

j5J3'',

-'-5''l'
u:'"s-.rhle when

ut'rtr:".

1Hz

complex ples

Rate of cosure

20 d/dec

x:.10.27 Must place new dominant ple

{]=

4_
'

- 1+jf/fp

at

106
Jo
' - fp
-
:'f:100Hz

jJ _

' N

- - *
' f

In

11-r x 0.01
_
--::l
t"

]1fr

rtflillil

71

1ffi11]1"l{r

1|i''' --9'
!,l'|-9:90.

60
40

A:A^-20 d

20

-40

:1
.

and

:P

-- -!
= $,'' Phase
tillllil'f =.5'
1lll1

,t

=,9-r

: tD
il rS =

r.707

r'-20

80

lt00

.-'= f -10az

Original response

Ao

100

10

"
Jo

low fre-

102 103 104 10s

106

_
f"'l'

margin

Ex: 10.28 The pte must be mved

/,
. -

/",

to

where

---------A +4.

Frequenc f 2nd ole

-1X16

1o4

e- (1 dB

20 db)

13 Fz

The capacitance at the controling nde must be

increased by same factor as/is lorvered.
.'. Cn"*

Co1a

10o0

Exercise

Ex 11.3

Ex 11.1
For Q,

1.1-1

,, -

a.P

_- 15 0.2
lkft

ycnru,

P,

: 14.8 mA
_ -V_ (-Vcc) _ _0.7 _(-15)
o
"
I4.8
14.8

(v"l J1)'

RL

4.*:V.,.-%t*,

:15-0.2

:
:

--

the emitter current of

Thus.

rr'

29.6

Pt .. ,^^
l

:
:

0.32

;X
2

l0

16

_
l "
(a) r.:1&

Ot is 14.8

.6 + 0.25

0.64

(4.5)2

1
- 24

mA

V, the load current is

1O

10

10

m and
4.8

mA'

lnr)
\/

: -9.36 V
Thus, U = At o : o V, i : 0andi61 : 14.8m
Thus. lr., : 0.6 + O.O25 ln$
10 + 0.64

(b) P+:

2.53 \

P-: VrrxL9
R

nxlxll:
4

P,
--3x

(c) rl:
'P.

-- 59

(d)

0.67

Peak inPut currents =

Thus, 9g1 :
:

i:10

-4.5
51 4

mA andip;:24'8 m

0.6 + .025 ln (24.8)

0.68

22.1 mA

(e)

Using Eq. (12.22)

D
Dmax
--D:DPfr^x

10'68V

To calculate the incremental voltage gain we use

,o :

t,,

Thus.

:6,:
n'x4

Rt

Rrl r"'
:-1u i:4.8

:
,,'' :
4.8

m and

ao

;,

n'R,
.91

(a) The quiescent power dissipated in each tran-

- -iiG'

Similarly. | ,, __ O

vtrc

x 11.5

5.2dL

lj'1

^_l
an'

1y:

+1R

:+0'67
t n:+10V,

z.tsw

rco: _2_xrco

.^.2

Output signal swing is from 14.8 Y to - 14'8

Maximum emitter current 2 2 14'8

At

O.32W

Ex 11.4

*ii*"-

x||.2

:2''

Efficiency

:14.8V
"-.: -V,. * %o*
: -1 + ,

10

:2V',,x1:2 x 10 x 100 x 10

0.97

/ J')2

__

V. r,,

.995V/v

t + .o tz

+''

_- l'7

: .998viv
:1dL

At,:+10V, ig:24.8mand
__ .9ss v / v
Thus. "o : =-l_
!1 I l- 0.l
r"1

ax v.',,
sistr
Total power dissipated in the two transistrs

:2a v(

--2x2X1rX15

:60mW

(b) In is increased to 10 m
10 mA
AtV": 0, i"

: i,:

Fromequation 11.31

v-

ou -:----P t
0n:
) ai

25 :

10+10

R
R. + Ruu

100
100

1.25

1.25

Exercise

'

'l1]1ll1;;l,

.l =

,._

{t111

--

.rff]m]|lL]I|ul||11]T
4

ln

,,,,,

rlllllir

,,

:!!]]i{

" !:
'tl

[1

--

!!]t i:

00m

caculate

ris

is because biasing dides have

area

ot

the output devices.

'i{

*Vcc

:5

lulllllll']l(lllll]ll]ll1rt]

l]t*t.

Vm:2',[' 'o ' l

l{ " ''';

,il

-2

ir:o'^-lr.-:3-2:mA

: :0V

;ff

11]

1 I

,\

,,%a

'

:--|

,frr;

-t.

llili

-0.2475

n|0.2475_

-'*ii

ll]

lffil,l

ltfllt.
-, ,il,,*

llllllll
lililflil

', ft

"l

. j:r

l|||llrllih|h

illlfii

6.25

-vcc
2 m) using equation

m,

'.-I1

Nf

*,,

, i'a _

Mln, .mr

''

'27c

: -: \:. R.:
'
1]
]iirr :

r l

n0

Xl:

Vo"":

(1)

,.,,(il)+/.ln()

2\
'-'

""'[-fr] :"''()

-:,l0103X1_5

1lllilu]j

V"^ +

Equating equations 1 and2

. t
-'r:rpated in each transis-

: V'ln;lr'r' L t? '.)1
I

il

But %,

.ii-0.4

,ill{,,,,,

,':

.s -:- :
*
rlllllll|*l

l(n

:r-\

u!

lllfulllllttu

{t'

.j,:]rA.andfor4:g

100
: 59,

and

]'-,,,,,
(l0-
,"'1

,o..

ti ,

u.,,

iNGN-0.1):9106
f is in m, then

i"(i' 100):9
#-100i"-9:Q
9 i,ry : 10.1 m
io: i" - l. : 0.1 m
Fr 6

r}'. l R

" -"l.1, lr:,ir"-

: -lV

and

-O.1

-10m
a first apprximation assume ip

- 0 since

= 00 m,
: 3 m

0' current through diodes

Exercise

:Vs,-,r,',[l
But

yrln

,,,

(aa)

+l

ere i. : 0.1 A
Equating uations 3 and 4

[ "
'o-''';

,-v,r,(;n)

, , ,o ,)'

iP(iP

[j " 'o ''1

i"(i" - 0.1) : 81 X
l--

(lo
1

For 7r, :

: 100.8 m
i": i" - i. : 0'8 m
+ ip

Ex 11.7

"C'm

g, is in m / mV

: 4m

Refei to Pig. 12.14'

(a) T obtain a terminal voltage of 1'2' and since

that V", :Vnz: 0'6
1 is very large' it follows,

- lm
- |.2 __|-2: O.5m
Rr + R2 2.4
Thus, - : c* n : 1'5 m

Thus/6',

0.55

c : 7X
For

0.025

0.46

+ 0.13 :

yBB:1.0v n:
ct

: \x

1:

.025 i .025

e
6': le
:2.12m1'
:2!l2 + 0.52:3.24m
+

1 mV

O'13 m

l2.4 :
:

o.tz.n

0.018 m

0.43 m

Ex 11.9
Using equation 11.43
-I
,o

,rtu"

(w / L\-

qW/L1,

(w / L\-

rwfl"

(w / L)l

T:

0.59

e_0'1/0'o25

(w/L), _

g'V

0.37 m

o.

Vr, : -200mV:

V:1.25 -:#:O'52m
V

\):

e_'5/0'025

| :0.2

Vr, :

(b)FrVrr:f5mV:

0.625

0.48 mA

2.4

V1g: 0.5

_ 1.15
'-=

0 025

le

vBE :

.4mA/mV

Ex 11.8

For

54.60 m

55.18

-50 mV

V66-1.1V In

1. = O.4X 25

0.58 m

: .48 + 0.37 : .85 mA

For Vr, : -100mV:

i".]1j"-81 :0

Lc -- 8''X 2 mV/'c X

2.4

0.575

':

i"(j"-1):81

Thus,

e0'/0'025

54.6o +O.58

Expressing currents in m

, - 10mA:
6m
25 mv

e'05/0'25

1.15
va _
- _

rr)2

where

1.4

n:

Vg: 1'15V

o.l )

0.54 m

-.
vs: Tt.3 0.65 V
r' : 1 e ^vBFv l
: 1.39
: 1.39 + 0.54 : 7.93 mA
For Vr, : +20mV:

cl

1'3
2.4

Vgg:0.1

z-n|:xlO_'l'

Vp:1'4

/\

,.,"(ffi)

1-3

V: |3

V,, : V',ln(;\)+ V.ln (;h)

- V|nffi)+

Q,|

'lu"

o, :

- V,)'
Lo' ()',r",
O.25(),(.2)'

'40
= () --

Exercise

.,

__

1--4

Gain Error

\v,112

X
L

(0.2)2

-0.35

om -

-3.5

D.2r

t 8.n)

{8'

10x(14.14+

14.14)

x1l.t2
See solutill on next page

]li

mr
r1

.iil1lriir

,,,'iV,)
* ::-.5)
,

'

yo2u

: 3.5o
2XlXO-r
t}o

0.14

:14.14mAN
Rnu,

- l'')2

-' -2o
;:
V o,,

mn

l-

10-3

Exercise

1-5

- V o) : - V scpQ+ (V 62_ Vi2)

[yGsP2 oR] - V scr, : - VscpQ+ (Vor-

(Vcpz

Ex 11.12

Need to prove when Voz : 41R. then VGSlz :

ssume Q off (V"'": V,r) so ll,,z = and

V,n

using (l):

4o

2V scpQ +

o) : -

2(Vscps-

:
|v'ol)

V scpz : 2V scQ : 2V r"rn - lV,,,l

Plug this va]ue for

|v,o)'

- y,o)
+
tpl
|v t|

Find V,, for the gate voltage, Vor,

V cpz :

('V

s.ro) + (V o,

u/' *

,o,rn*

(Vscpz
2|v

scpQ+ (V92

scpQ + 2v SGP,

|V,||

"_

|v,)2

and show V sz

iz
(v SGPa
V,, : +V n, +

(V

4a: )o; (o,), (v ScP"2 -

\v' : -

"s"a)

+ (V z

2)

V'z)

:
ul- r/')

1v

t|

2)

o, + 9!-Q

c*'

,",",

: (Vcstua- V,,) : (Vscpa- lVu,l)

,n- va+ V,, _ /,;sr, Q'E'D'

Vove

Same proof or p transiSor.

nto the value for V 62

: ',V,v

where

(l)

Vi^l

Exercise

Ex 11.13
Tl 200

T:

- 25:
5

and,

l5-'1o'7:
':
,5

71X50

lc + cs + s

3.5:1.4

sa

1-6

Vq:7a-7

t Po

'^-175:3.5"C/W

But,

0.86mA

+15V

+0.6+s

1.5"C,zw

- Tc: rcP'

Tl

Tc: Tt * JC\PD
:200 - 1.4 x50
_ 13"c

Ex 11.14
a} From symmetry we See that a1l transistrs

will

cMuct ual currents and have equal V3r's Thus.

15V

Neglecting /63,

=il -"/t :0.86m

But at this current

Vs

"'(?)X

O.o25nr0.s6

\3.3

:0.6v

Thus, VE1

+ 10.6

lO_J)

x 1 'ol
V

and

ther iterations are ruired and

.88
1c,1

mA No fur0.88 mA.

To find 162 we use an identical procedure

-15V

W.

O-7V and 11

2.86 m

t'c, - :86 m
lhrg rrrent, V66 is given

Wr
ll]h,f$

0.63

V and 1'

by

2.87

mA

Err iefatins are required and

=

;:: icz:

+9.3

/, _

15)

'5

: .ozsrr|1JC'l \l.l x r 'tl =.:v

{o

1o*0.7:
9.3

Yg

1' lect 1r, then

ffii

o.7

vn:

ff lrr10,7 v Then

0.7

O.25 lnr4'86

\:.:

2 _

4.86 mA

X l0

"

lo

3\

*J

+9.357

4.87 mA
g2- 4.87 mA

Finally,

: c:

3.3

x ,o_

Where

: *1g'

frr iterations let V sBt -

- (-

0.643 V
Vs2
1O -.643

cz

ic-2.87 mA

V"- -

"":V''-Vr':0'62V
2
Thus, /63

6a:1.95 mA

"vr/v

xercise

The symmetry f the circuit enables us t find the

alues for ur _ -10v as follows:

' : 4.87 mA 62: .88 m

cz: c+: 1.95 m
Fr _ * 10 V, z,, _V-Vsz

10.6

.62: +9.98v

.5

o.'2

VB2

9.86

9.36

3.3

.5

X 10

+9.86

14e0'5i 0'25

mA

0.02

For symmetry we find the value for the case

-100m
163 - 100 m

10 '"i

\_].3

:V-V
:10.-58 o'72_

Thus, 1.o

{q-.)

ln(]!9

O.25

10V

,
a

V,,'

Vg64: ' -

7: +10v'

(c)For

l_7

Thus, ,,

7 : - 10 V, ,, :Vr-Vl
_-9.35'7 .62 : -9.98 V

For

,l: -1V

as.

:4.87 m C2:0.38 m
6:o.02mA 6a:10m
U.,:-9.86V.
61

l0
201

Ex 11.15
For Q1

C\ _ lSP

'''/V,
"s/V

'

,+|

l-^/V^

-:.be

ic - r, n'o

Thus, Effective scale current

Isp

1ri.=
+

v,*
B

ls=
ssuming t!atVgil has nt changed much from

<_

i(.

10.6

0.38

0.025

gr
0.58

.5

0.38

Inr9 -]C)
r'1 /
\
-1.-l x lo

: 10'88V
1,,5_ l5 l0'58 -

Vr

Thus, 6',

.88

:0.6.51 V

9.357

Vll:s

r. :
:2mA

When

1.34
15

'.'(f)

'X

Rr,, then

:25xO,h(?+)

4.87 m (as in (b))

Assuming that 1g

- , ,
B

:2Ox 50: 1000

|1
etLB'l1'|2
l0O X lO ' -_ 5 X
1)
:
169
o.0251n (2 x O

See Figure

ow for 02 we have:

Cr

(b) ffecie curren gain =

Ex 11.16

- 0.30 mA

V62: 10 - 0.643
r:4.81 mA
ga:0

V2: 0.643

lP+l]

{,

0.88 m

0.88

[^ i.

-#-

g _ 1-:
1c'1

,t

"("

Y then
v., - 10.6v
15

Jli*tl*

ic

0.6

/,,5_

le

ffi+rc

m.

.651

d..:

1r'".

!lc

Exercise

l_'{]

'R",

.651

.- _ 4.34
[: eak output cuffent
i,= : R., X 100 mA

n.43a

1O

4.34

1OO

10

14

* .35

, - (v"l"D)'
L
&
:
Thus z,
Jx28:

8.2

Vltagegain:2K

whereK: I : 1+R2 :
R3

t-llren out of mode

-ls

: \ r
R3

o"

R2

-..\o/"-_
:. ' 1_R) _

.1 R,)

P'B:

_3R

nput resistance

Peak load

_2R,,
R, ",

Rl

Thus.',-3V/V

R3

10

1.5

uo: 3 X 2: 6V

eak-to-eak

]-

Ex 1.20

e0.434/25x10_\

11.17

-,ti

1-8

or 16.4 peak-to-peak

;.:Is,5/v
: l

cuent : J :

8o

(3o/-j5)2

56.25

3.75

x1'1'.2|

R-l

We wish to vaue

:- R
4R,

_6mV/"C

:::
-3-3:
dT

* -lR:1R3
: - R. /R)

Q.E.D

but From Eq. (12.58)

tvcc :

aT

*6

rhus

[1 1R:)aVrro

R4l ar

(t *

ft)" -,

-R,R4 -.

,&

E;x11.22
ReFer to Figure 11.44

l,
|ffit,l,ilffi|

!]ii, :il.

tfrMM.Jt
rm
ri,!:B -

Vro: 2Vo,: 6.64

*-].
ri
-

Ltrffifl{'::

,
T.

,.. e

R:

r{
-

l :

Vcc :
m

20

v,;,

-3)2

6.64 __???

1O_]

Using equation

].9 W

'e: ha

o be less
@ff{Lln supply vo1tage f 2V is

ll|hrr

)*"C''}{1v"r1

lXI0 l:12(lycsl
'l
2
0.1 : (lycs -y,)2
+V"' : 3.32

>> 'P:

-*-x111l1

: p:

or dissipation

1-\-rply curve intersects the

irre rr a plint for which the output

$i:t

vcc:(r*ft)r,,,*1t *ft)u,",*
6.64: (1+2)x0.7+(1
-+

R,

o, :9'5

-fr)r

4v,,

0.7_ 40.7

xercise 1 2_1

Ex:12.1
V

From the above we can write

V - |yrrr| - |v u,| '

lc(.o"|

|V ou

<+1.65-0.3-0.5-0.3
<+0.55V
V,c'(^rn)=

Vr, * V ou + v,"

|v

nu,

'1

t|

> -.35 v
Vu(r,n) Voo*\Vour\

<+1.65-0.5

Vor,

- 8'o8'R'V"u,+d

/o",

: V.,,(g ,n68ntRt.
*-r)-

Since r,n ||

1.15V

and have

xl2.2
:
ly : 3v' 1 0'5 m'
Vov : 0.2,vo6: 0-5 v

r,,7

Cc
+

V'
Gn rVut

- l m/V
G- :

" _VoJr'-?9_-zs
'.'
'''' 0.8
20

=+fo6:r':#:40k
A, : -|-zrnz: -4x25: -10 v/V
Ar: -1'rn _ -l X 40: -40 v/v
A : AAz: (- 10)(-40) : + 40v /v
,.
40k
Rn : (r,,,,11 r"rl : -2 : 20 k
x t2.3

The small-signal equivalent circuit for the op-amp

in Fig. 1 2.1 on page of the Text is redrawn below

for a unity-gain buff'er.

From Eq- 2.8' 12.7 '12.14,12'15 on page of the

Text:

R :

x:.t2.4

: K(0.5)'? +:2m/2
: 2(0.2 + z: O'8 m

0.5

'' --------------:
8-n8-|,roz'1 r")

'^ -0.8:4mA/V
8.: Vo+8'z:
o'
4q
'r -'

is huge. we can neglect

ForQ6:.5

0'5

R_ =

: (voi2
Q2:,

"u|herefore

8.t8^(r^z|l r,,ol

-vSS+vov6
>-1.65+0.5

Vn1in)>

For

where

lnu

"-ffi

< + 1.15V

V,, : -G-lVrn'R, and

Vin : - Vnu ,} V z -- G*|R|v

>-1.65+0.3+0.5-0.5

>

G n'zV

v
l, + -!J

G., - g.1 G-2 :

rnzll ,"o

R,

8.6

rn\| rol
/or,

<_

Vout

R2

Gn':,

mA/V G'z _

mA/V

Cr:1P

: fn4: 1O0K,|6 : '7 : 40K

G'n __ l m/V -_ l0O Mz
(^\
\' JF| 2C
2C,
fo2

=C.:1.6rP
3;1r,,.
11 r,,,1
At: -G,tRr: (1 X 10
- (1 X 10-3)(10 /2): -50 v/v
Ar: -G'rRz: (2x 10-3)ir,,oll r,,r;
3)(4O( )/2):
-4 vi v
= (2x 1
A : Al'2 : (-5O)(-4) : + 2000
f : f,/ : 1OO x 106 /2X 1O3=5
(b) to moe zero to s :
R__J-__
G,,2

X 'l

,=500

Kz

xercise 12_2

i:'19-3:318X

106

] ;1

IO106:.4

_]18 /

- -.

>

Vss + v ov +

2.5 + 0.3 + 0.3 + .7

ov + Vr

: -1.2

(b) By Sym.

-2.9=(Vlcn)p< + 1.2v
-t_

(c)

\Hz
;]

(d)

l0

16

X 0.2

lll'il-i,-;.-Vrn

* "_:

1'2'9

1.85v

- i,, . L vovl + vt,

' - :.i - 0.5 :
-0.5-s ;
- i,_-,rr]
- ]'': : _ 1.5 v

Ex:12.10

,,",,,

:
pnp:Is :

-l'ovl +Vtn
-l.:-[|.5: .55v
A

10

1.0

ji l":

]l0

tili

' ''
, : -'

m/V

f1'roarosf

l-1.33

106

0.7

2oo,V

50,v

:125

:5v

1r"v/v

Vr,

25

1(

rvln lo
|

,''

633 mV

'*

8-:/r5:2/5k:40m/v
fn-."-2oox25+5k
25mV
: Vr
---!
r.'lm
Vo
l25V
,^:
" C - lm :

t25 k()

l2.ll

-/v-

: 'e
V uu:
and13: a,1: 2
Fromect I

= tL..: 'u i-r :

10_laA

Vn:vrh!

x:

=i3.33M

, :
10 laA, :

:Is

npn

i';

_]

",cc

.'\'':'

-1.2 < (V lc)s()T < + 1.2 v

*2.9 V (Vlcv)n'"al < + 2.9 v

l, - )rwlL\(Vcs-Vr)'
lz :
)w/ L)(VGS2 Vr)'
For ' : r:
(Vcsr - Vr)' : 4(Vcsz- Vr)'
i.e.,Vor, - V:2(VcS2- vT)
or Ycsr : 2V6sr- V,

*S

lr

V,c"l^rn.)"=

.'. -1.2v < (V c)ll < + 2.9

];

']

<+2.5-0.3+.7:+2.9

Vr|n( / s)

v B4

1'lo
!f] :
v-rnal
l
' L/srl+ v-nl
' L/.rl v.ln
' L/{s/s4l
...

j l, /i l
" /i
Llsr . /s:.1 Llr,/ro

' i - _r
".

':

"

,J1''l1'l'1]
'11{r/s,-1

Exercise 1 2-3

xl2.|2
vB -- 0.' Vfor/. :
/c : l0 AforQlO

x:\2.|6

t v,ln|ffi] - o'ss
Vltageacrss R. : Vnto- V'''
Vr^n _

= 0"

.585:0.115

g /^.
: -= ,:
- 'R4 R
Ex:12.13

V o - V r
lct('o")
= + 15-0.6-0.3+0.6

= + 14.'
v'c'1.,n1 -

io=ia6-i=i

Vrs

(neglecting R1 & R2 droPs)

.'.,o

rg5*R

'?

R'

R
,
: ';,
*ll n

n -

,n

r"5*R*R

-R
tior

v B

* Vas * V sl * V:.or *
_ 15+0.6+0.6+0.3+0.6
=
= '|2.9

r".*R

ll.5 k

R'

r"6, then

.
.'.!c6:,4r+*o7

rut

12.22 on page f the Text, Let

Rz = R + R ssume >>t and r"5

Vss = Vso = i(res + R1) = i(r"6 + R2)

qry *
l0

Fig.

See

1 mfor8!1

-R

0.02

0.02R -: R10.02Rr"'
V

nt
Substituting R =

op-amp, we have

.'r -

0'2

.02

,^'"5
,.,,. ,
for 141

:5.5l0

t.z + '6i

and re = 2'63

x:. |2.1'4

Assume Q, Qrl (now dide connected transis_

tors) have normal area
*
Q, Qzo have afea = 3 nrmal

.
1,0 : 0.251*,,Jiffi

-*

8OX3:540A

= 3.631:
V='o

/., -

Rr

l|

Ror

v^ _

Rolo = 31'1

R,,:

2.63Il

uo

Hence:

,l

-0.08/
n
- l:

.4/.
v'Ut'

(d)Vw: Vrul'rr,1

3.6.]/ l- .o8/' X

= 3.84k X /
_' ( + |)V gl
'

:t. :

,fr.

t s

x '))

2.421

G,".

Frm q. 12.93 we hae:

= 0.08/,

Ro)l=

Ex: 12.18

* 1orr

& *t

x. 12.'6 and

(c) /B7 :

2.63

10-6

rn1,1(l+8I,{ ,tll|

2 :r..'' **
_
=Vuu *
5 2o1
V

19

(, 'gXlOhr2oX25lt
'\ ,n X -6
[' ;;,

- cs* c:9'5
:
(Rz+ re6) : i"(| + 2'63)
(a) V

l\
\,,in

Ro = Ros

R,,lr:

Ex:12.15
Assume ct

(b)

From Fig. 12.23 on Page of the Text:

/(,'g:u:_

x:t2.l7

, -

5.5

X lO

l. R" :

=+

= 3.84 k{}

2B,t(Roell
1(q.5

'\ r.

r,(,(-5

'orn

2.43 M

- _ 5.5 rqj- :
U,..:;;;."10^
CMRR

ff"

12.|'7 in the Text, we have:

From Eq. 12.95 we have:

9.5

_-

R",n1

.l3 X 10 " m/\

/e.

6\(2.63

X O
x 3.l'l )
z'o:
3l'l /
l '/\

"

5.5

l0

xercise 12_4

: -G.'Ro.

(z)o]"

-6.5 X 8.1

-526.5

x:.12.23

3360 or

:l}11]]]l

i]

il

lllllIln]J ,u,,'

lllrn

]]]l

,fi

= "-i: k
r-l : 25 mV

= r:_ Q

= :,.

:--

i'

16

=
_<

r_'

]al

0.455)]

- K

1.-56

200-

40 x 0.16.s
30.3

vT

Vr,

+5.-s

100

Vr,

".

145.5

16_]

x:.12.24

,,
''",,, * ,^',

t
Ro = r"ro *
iL\'

lll-

- .-l

-:- :

r;Q

- -- - 1t

\:

- l1

so.q k

r+1

Ro,

2]+1-]

,8lK\
(+25 +_t
l80
st)
, -0.O25,\
;-;;;_--_--------^--" 0.05
201
ssuming z: : _50 and ra _ 2O0 and
Icll, : 180 fromTable

t (l: -]lg+ ts) :

*,=5
5_94
"
20t

Ro:

" " i.

-.,r

-'JlI : 29.2kdL

_ _

(R;l

l
*.,
6.60.9171
';ill
';
'Ll8.8 l8.8K
: yr[0.05 + 6.05]

V_
=)R.=+
tT

--P

, q'gVr(Ro ll ,,'r)

.",,)

14.4

.,")

Exercise 12-5

xzt2.28

xz|2.25

SR

using eq. (12.129)

0.63 V/S

using eq.

"sR
n : iiG-^o*

0.63

2(|0\1X10'6

kz

'

n,

A,,:2-43147x10s

.'.

12

''

o : G.' R

Ao/G.91279z

.'.R:

v'
: -7

SR

'-

{=zX

where

-- %:+ SR
2

ith

R,

__

*.,

..ll
' '' 4r" + 2R,
.

., O.25 ffiV
I

for I

R:

inserted in emitters of Qz'

now

2L
G-'

9.5

SR

- p

l R,

- 2r' * R'

X 10-6 A

0.050 --

9.5

2r,

X 1'6

5.26k

x (2v
- ?
I

+ IR)

: 4[V+ Rl2"t QD
^ G' : G.l
L-:
' -c, -2L,
.'. C. must be reduce x

new

r+, C.'..,:
"'ncw
2

factor of 2

{:
2

sp

G-, :. A also haled

:
or-6dB : 11'7dB
n"*
f ,, : f ,lA -f has been halved
f n". : 2 f o: 8'2|1z

Gain A

25 m

R::Rl:ffi:2O,oO
-,: ^(,
?,,(*)
I \1.r

F,x:12.26

G^'

b*^(*,') ',,,"." V

ffirQ)

1,'733

xercise l2-6

Find

:0 k

'

lli

'

_ '**(f),: (y),

'

2,** (f)"

:-

1]]

lorrii"r

:
-

.'.i' _
i"

- i: and ir'- iu2

iP
:i

(;:)('")('")

,()^

i(o,),

the original

-:l
',

(g),.

Assume l

::lm Exercise 12.28

' : !**

'.

Qo

0.2 s R3, R9, and R1

llll'lil
,----:

{,

o
,.o

i]

(b) iB]

-!

io,

: 10\ :

iu,

: _

(40)"

;,

6.25

(])".40

= 40

(ssume

.
lm
l,l
- _ja

^l
P\

/run,,

2.5

lO

xercise 13--l

Noise margins stay unchanged' because

Ex:13.1

n the low_ouput State, the transisto is n and

.' - ,os __'__u"C^,;(vGS

1

v oL,v

V,. Since V,

-v''

von -50=-Rorro,
^^'_Rr+
'DD
rs
2.5 :5Ok
- 50
A

- vDD;f;S

T obtain

-wL
V,)

6
1o3 X 125 X 1 X (2'5

5OX 10_6

125w

t
When input is low, the output is high and equal
t
V o".lnthis case, the switch is connected

ence,Vo"

R.,

is zer'

: Vcc: 5v'

:
Vo : Vcc- Rr,r, : 5-2X 1 3v
' |. \e use:K"R^ _ ly,

T determine

Stitut

y, :

.089V,

ft,' :

3o

A/V2:

.lO0

Ro :

R,

_- lO k and K,

O.O8g

l() -

o.zz

Vrr' V ,"' V ,r' V o''''

Von : Vo : 1'8 V unchanged
Vlr: V,}V': 0.5+o-22: o'12
V," -_ V, | 1. fo;l ,- v '
_ O.22
= O.5 t l.6] /22

voo
,,
voL_
- .
'Vn-V,
NMu

and sub-

10k '

_ ls
X lO ", ' l X lO' - * ='|

Vo"- V,":

NM: V,r-Vor:

'.-61'1'8

032

:
- 0'26 :

The power dissiptin becomes:

lruootoo

\r":

__ l.-rl

.R -0.5

''h:

Pdu,",ug"

equal
When the input is high, the utput is low and
ence
R.,'
t
is
connected
Lo v oL.The switch

Ex:13.3

and wih

ind

Ex:13.2

therefore the current thrugh

v,

To calculate the new noise margins' we have to

0.5)

When the switch is open, no current is drawn

fromthesuppy: P : 0

R.r,

-!-

V,z _' Ro '

')'
Ro,=>V.'

When the switch is clsed o in low-output state'

the curent drawn frm the supply is 50 '

: Voo : 25X

-_

unchanged:

.w _"
"
Po,

unchanged resulted in

V,

Ex: L3.4

K.-R

2x

Voo -Vor -_ l.8 _0:l2 : 168 \

t'D' DD

l0 k
RD
: 302.4 \\'
Poo : Voooo: 1.8 X 168
: 15l W
Poo',,,,r,:
l'ro

To determine V, , we use:

we use:

'C.'(Vo,

we
norder to calculate the power dissipation'
need t first recalculate

stayed the same.

2 k

48 k

|'S :

and

highe power consumption, but noise margins

r,
Rot ,or; 6. 1 _ 2.5-J2J-: = rr, -_

hence:R,

oo'V,'

has not changed, noise margins

Nte that keeping

Substituting for

and

Stay he Same.

Therefore. the current drawn ttom the supply in

this state can be calculated as:

lso:Vr,

oH,v L,V., onlydependn

1'3

O.ltr$

0'49 \'
0'46 \'

u""

=voo-vot
RD
P,/n'.,nr.

- r'. x !-926 :
}

Note that keeping

1.l9 \\'

uncnanged resulted in 1oe:

noise margins and higher power dissipation'

Exercise i3-2

Ex:13.7

-----:

FromEq. 13.35we

-.1

.o-V,:

hae..

Po"n

Po' = 1OX 06X 1X

= 32.4 x 10-6 : 32.4
w

.3V

1CVoo2

1o_,5x

1.82

Ex:13.8

(_1.8

PdynC'V2oo= Pyrt

0.5)2

P,ynz

iz_l-11.g-2.5)

-5 s2
=
* :- :

0.5V

- l8+(3-1)os
-t+l

66.73

CV'or'

;v;

= o.

Ex: 13.9

v'(t1 = v.(*)

- (v.(-) -

v.1o*11"-,t"

Vo _ (Vo _ ()1"''ea

tl '

rr-]) = -(-tp')
\ 2) "'<
|'oo-.l,]l]

',-

Jr

--l

6)2

::!

-':,-

-'-V,-Vo,
l- : 1.8 -0.s-0.12
. : 0.61V
- 61 :.69
,l -.38v

c{-:
,

K,and

_.L ' and

= .-:,

tpll :

for

p1rr:

k,W,,

'oo',

. o.un

10 psec. with

l - .8. |0r' U.69

ltr

1-1

:.

'

lOfFand

l.2 m

Voo: l'8

xercise 1 3-3

tp

Ex:13.10

yoI
For tp1gthe output Starts at Vq1and goes to
through the u which is 20 k:

v o0)

*
v oo

Lv

""

v
V

o@)

o) :

Lrv

(v
V

"r)

(voH) + voL

'_ ''(;))

__ lptl

o|)

o"

(V

"

,',rL/

o(o*))e

't"

- v or)'-'''"'"

= 0.69

R.C

0'69 (20 K) (10) = 138 pSec

For tpo1, th output stafts at V9 and goes to V1

through P which

)uo"*Vo):
(Lu

",

is

10

Vor'-(Vor-

lu ",- 1u
voL+ vo1

:tplt

",)

:,

o')e

'PL

,'HL,I

"(-''(i))
:69ps
t : '69'R'c : 0.69X10KX1/
p + 69 p) : 10o p
trr.") :
,, :
}l:
\{to"',*

Exercise 13-4

lT{x -1o1o'11e ""

_ O]_'': '100 f) :

,f' =

"-16

nsec

Exercise 1 3-5

x: 13.12
a) From

', _

Eq. 13.58:

r(V o _ |V,ul\ +

r1

,'

o,

- 4 X 0.13 m:0'52 m)
o
b)Von: V:
''2'Vo':
v,": !;svoo-2V,): }r>< |'2-2xo'4)

50

X 10

- i" :)

'><

(),

-:o.2'z)* (). : '

)0.2

w,

2wn

= (),

'o

Using qs. 3.63 to 13.67 ''e have:

nC

'*': ;();
V,"

lqzvoD+2v)
V

0'55

S :

.,1

:r

-'4

x o.s * (91)' __ t.es

t.8

ur

\1.8/

V,":|V,u|' thenrn: p: 1'99

5
l.99 X 1 t0
: 24.1ps
ux1.5x1.8

Ntingthat

in the lowc) The output resistance of the inverter

is:
outpu state

3X10

,tr":ffi"
-.C

"c"'()",v o" - v,,)

1

Since Q and Qpare matched, th utput resistance in the high-output state is the same:
flsp : fs : 2.9 kd

F-(), : (). :

,., _
_r(5-

lV ,ul

r*1

l)l
ri7

{,r,
When V, :

l+r-

'

'rt

49.4 ps

,n :

+ tPHLl --

(PLH

z.l*49.4):31ps

From Eq. 13.68 we have:

tpn O.69RNC and if we substitute for R

0'53 V

from Eq. 13.7O, i.e.R,

:
..,
PHL

and I3.59:

r(V oo -

V,
.13.-58

"

Ex:13.15

,4

Using Eq.

z'

l.,wehae

r: [i : os'
Ex: L3.L3

*.'()"

tptn:

43010_6X1(1.2-.4)
= 2.9 k

.os
" "

,')

--

' -l)

x.

then:

__

'9,?:' "'
(').

).

R62_5

5l x ll

().

x l2'| x l0'

2.5

X 2

X l0

15

y)"
l/2
: 0'2
V adV o
n

'Q opefates
is sien as:
circuit
the
in triode region and hence

&

v,,)v o

(
\t
4 '\V,,
o"- ^1
'
vno-\voo)

:
Mg : Vo"-V," -- 1'2- 0'65
NM: V,r'-Vor: 0'55 V

'

Ex:13.14

= 0.65V

hence:

From above:

+(w

= 0.55

[,,

=0.8r+0.4=+r:1

v,r:

n"'(Yr),[,r,

+0.2x10

1.2 - 0.47 + 0.4

r 0.6r
: r(____J7= 0.6

'o

"

.(ry)
"\
L ),,

r5

we btain
Simiarly, using Eqs- 13'69 and 13'71'

Exercise 13-6

J:

59X3X13 c

_r

Ex:13.9
a) s mentioned on page of the Text, C1n, is the
contribution of intrinsic capacitances of e1y and
Qp. Therefore,

(r),

il: =50x1O_l2

,.., '=r.)
t

2er + 2Craz + Cdb +

.'. Cin, : 2

l',

C1n

2x
C"^r: C8 * Cgo * C," :
0.1125 +

C.il,2

0.3375 + 1 +

2'9

o.7875 + 2.3625 + 0.2

= 3.35fF
q. 13.19, we have:
/t\

.69R"uc", + jR"oC".,J Th" exinsic

8.3

b) From

of pis:

part

* Cn"*

- ll,gil

O.691R"q Cex and in order t reduce

the extrinsic part by a factor of 2, S has to be

C..r

increased by a factr of 2. Note that

,*'rwr -

,ilJl:.-<r-.r,

or equivalently

rtr'

L old

]'

_i:

tr)

#)

,"n...

: ); tone :
##

x 28 ps

= 20.5 ps
d)

- ll

.o(n"oncin6 + lR"o.C".,)

For

ff

_:

nuu. ,o o"

t"* : Cinr* Cur/s

t
od Cin, * C"*,

:efr-cion

{iliF

-,r

psec

]5 l to 0.375 m

()" ^r(),

increased by factor f 2.
c) Frm q. 13'19:

Cn"*
* -'iaLD

'],

_ (2

.7875f) + .2t

Lad''*" ()

is doubled and

is constant, then or area is also doubled.

Ex: 13.20

16.6 psec

21.3 psec

Using Eq. 13.35

16.6p + 21.3p)

Payn

: fCVoo' :

10e

6.25

The maximum possibe perating fruency is:

19 psec

f^ : |.
lp

=
nh he inverter can

_i_

2r,

228

O-s x2.52

= 39.1 w
"n"",

PDP : Parntn: f-*CV2oto

,j

Therefre, R* has to be reduced by afactor of 2

: l-6

s_&
R"u

},
'2to

C V292

6.25x10-tsx2.52

_:9.5fF/J

t' :
2
"

fF

Exercise l3-7

Ex: 13.21
a) For

__

The power density, t

NMOS devices:
t\
"

18
X t.5
- 0..l8

y_ :

-_ .27

.l8

t/s'

Fr MoS devices:

__

b) For

-
o - O'l8X4X.l
0.l8
O.l8'

.l8 t.

.l8

''

"

0.54

in V6,
V

's'

and propagatin delay is scaled

by

rst _ l8

1. ,

hence'

1.2

'4

0.34

V'

0'8

which is

A1s,

is greater than Vpro,' thus both

410X 10

Pe

6X 1.5X o.(.z-o'4_ !>

x4J0X lo-n l.51l.2_

x l-+ .r 1.2) : 231.2 1l"A

;^ __ 1
'
1

0.412

: O.34V to 1'2V cmparedto

: 0.8 v
V s : Vov : 0.2 - 0.4)

Ivorl - vn|
bthlargertha, lVr-,|

anv-

n,

io =

|lO

X l-'' X

are

thedevicewi1l

;^

_ 1X
2

l.5 X .6(l

.2

0'q _

!x

l/S-

without velocity saturatin

s'- l

!J

'6

1.2) : 55.4
0.6 yDs < 1.2
(1 + .1

is

= 59.1 A

and hus is scaled y

ly"l :

be perating in elocity Saturatin and

remains

bf ' and K'

t 1.2\r

in the absence of velocity saturation'

For the PMOS transisto, we see that since
:0'8 V and
1'2

Energy/Switching cycle, i'e',CV2 o, is scaled by

thus P6rn increases.

results

Saturation is btained over the range

1r

scaled by S. herelbre tn is scaed

p , o CV'o
'r/\7
2tu

1'2

Vr5

,thus

unchanged. while C is scaled

1'2

would be:

more. They are kept cnstantl

Voo

V,n

6, :

(1 + .1 x1.2) : 154-1 pA
if velocity-saturation-were absent, the cuent

snpp

obiously. Vpo and V, do no scale hv

o V'

o5

iD:

Table 13.2 that change are as follws:

wi1l be operating in the velocity_saturatin region

and thus lp is given by Eq. 13'10

are kept cnstant, the entries in

, , oC since
'
k'Voo-

4ooito4

q. 13.1O1 are satisfied and the NMOS transistor

decreases by a factr f 8.

f V, and Vt

6X17X1O_:

.25X1

conditions in

1.

Since dynamic pwer dissipatin is scaled by

Dxz\3.24

#"u,.,

gfeatr than V D,o,

device. The maximum current available to

charge a load capaitance is that prvided by four
MoS transistors. Thus, the rati is 4'
(b) There is nly one possible configtration (or
path) for capacito discharge. Thus the minimum
and maximum currents are the same

isscaledylrl
'.s2 s -

For the NMOS transistor,

MoS

Ex:13.23

So,

xzt3.26

0.l8

(a) The minimum cuffent available to charage a

load capacitance is that provided by a single

ratio is

s3

= 0.63V

xz L3.22

is scaled

*fu"

Using Eq. t.1.94. we hae:

:qn:X4Xl.5:#
.1 8
/.
w

Ex: 13.25

NMOS devices:

For PMOS deices:

"

1l

uv V os<

1.2

.5 x O.6(l.2

0.4)2(l

NMOS cuentby

7.

0'l

or O'8V = v DS< 1'2

Note that the velocity saturation reduces the

33 and the

MOS current b

Exercise 13-8

i]*

!-}' ,e

have

1 -

f the straight line representamm*rion is given by:

Exercise 14-1

t4.t

L)"

(W /

1.5 (W

4.3

L), :

V': V,o+{]vljfi,-

o'32

rr., :

0'5 ns

sinceVr, : V-V,,

tpr

.03 ns

V' -_

TE NoSE MARGNS wLL NO CANGE

_ (V- r,)[, -

V1

(2'5

5) X

[-!l

v'_ (vDD_

v,l[

'
Mtl: (yDD_ V,)l

:
\ - -L)
./:.+,

(r

0.85

':;-"),-

-2-)
J:/

(2) x

tpll

,1s *(%#)
30

1.15

:
tpu

t-

0.189

- v)

0'648

'8 V -'648

oL_+0

(),

(b) Ref'erring t

io,(o)

1.68

(t] :

7lO-''-

3, 10,'' ,, 1_44x2.5

zf|-

0.356V

0.09(2'65

Vo"_s5

--4

144

'll1-'(t)-

v
Von : Voo- V,:

168
.11 nsec

rs

= 0.03

nsec

1rsx10-6,(#)><,t

,, : :(t1 1 l7g\ - )'ln

2

," -

V,n)'

rnru'l(ffi(s

io"(o)

V,)'

\,',(\),v

""'

\rzo*ozv'l(})sv

t 0'03n) =

.07 nsec

l V)2 _

800 -t

1v)' :320 H
800A + 320

= 1l20 A

t.9

x 10

\"(Yr)
'v

Capacitor cuent is
ic@) : i(o) + ir"(o)

1(' )- - +)(t)-t]
1.gx-7

Fig' 14'12(a)'

= }ro

using eq. (14.17) and (14'18):

-"

0.446v, + o.o5

v,

using eq. (14.15) and (14'16):

14.4

|{:

0.3v!'z''85V

yields one
Soling this quadratic equation,
:
practical value for

)0.a4Qs - O'5)2 86'4 A

:
Po : "rurVoD : 86'4 '2'5 0'22 mW

-,

- v,-

s that,V]

using eq. (14.12):

l.,",

v - ,fis vl

s5

(a) Ret'erring t Fig.14'12, without lading'

*"r""()"

6,l

2, _

V,:0.5+.3v/2

v?

J4(5).]

(),

Squaring both sides Yields

f'+ #r]
. _ _ +l _ 07
,-_ 0.5_(2,|'_
4
-

-=n,
we get

v'- 0.223:o3J-65_v,

using eq. (14.13) and (14'14):

'!i

J.65

L{41
V6r: o.27

1r,

v,:0.5+o'3vr'2
("/T3

:l

,"

Suhsituing alues.

14.2

Usingeq. (14.11)

Jr)

situation is
To obtain iol,ltpr'we note that this
can use
we
and
identical t that in Exampe 14'2
(c)
the result of Part

io"Qrr") :

50

i,(tpll): o,(), r,

L,,,,_

u,,,,

'(l\

xercise 14-2

o,

wil rn off lhen

where

",() -:(+1
* _i!_{1

722.5

!$

'tr.at

,, -

r/'v r]7;
|V,,

1_6)

z$,

Jrl

+ O^6

* 0.613

lv,' _

- "Fl

g.5yl/2

-s

r5y

* 1.0242
solving,weget lV,r,l : 1.6 V

t--.)'

(d)

t:

o.g76v,p|

: Ir

)(rm

1 tpl\:

)o.z

ns +

O.

19 ns)

0,22 ns

14.5

-]t-l-:320A
: 8 + 320

R.^
'".4t'-

Rct

I Rcz 4.5 k + 6.5 k

- -2
2

= 5.5k

tpll
tp

ili,l ts

|V,o|

squaring bth sides and setting one side equa to

zero, we have the quadratic equation,

r-

- _

v,:1v+.5vl/2

-trV-)2:8O0
'-

"

{fi o; f)

V," +

Solving for lV,ol

"i[t:,j_,'}F()

_sr

lv,ol

* 1"5 :325
A

:
:

0.69RC: .69(5.5kX7O)(10

15)F

0.27ns which is close to the value of

0.24ns obtained in Exercise 14.14

r* it-

$:t

14.6

(f)":,,

()':

',()-;()]

Using Eq. (14.36),

n'o-#il:

,fu'ine Vr, when

,t1' - -

:.b'

voo
2

#:8'3k

14.7

jr-

Using Eq.(13.71),

:
#*o.uv-".6vJ

l.4g

Ro,

: j9 k
()'

_-

k:

(2)

with Eq. (14.36) we see that

nr"

'

:l

_ l49,-j

0'.

gr.

_17[ffi

ffim -

20

(w\: lr)
,?:?

: 0.69|(Coutt
x (il + R2)

4 A

I2.5 k

* Crcr)R * (Cinz

Ccz)

= 0.69[(1OfF + 5fF)(15k) + (1fF + 5fF)

X (15 k + 12.5 k)]

tn

\ )"
Using Eq.(14.38),
to

j5 k

0.19 ns

o.64

xercise l4-3

=1x5Xl(5-1)2
2
= 400

_ v,\

ir1(,1

_ |"(),o,|,u on _ v,'v,

1,,:

2''

' l,l _''<rl

=50xl(5

-l

= 115A

_
i^,l
'Dl t,''
jr'

(c)
A'

Y=AE+

xoR

XNOR

Since

v,)'
lr(Vrr) -\"'c.,l(|)"oor-

(f)'rl o*o,"()", anl io(V oo)

: 152.2
so ir(Vrr) : 2(76.1)

cloubling

**(y)",

'"():

2(68.9A)

137.8

This dubles ,'lo 2(72.5

he new r"r71 is

PHL

,,()

will also d*ble

'

C,,(v ^^

'(uoo-)

_ 30(1O

145(1
14.10
Ret'er t Fig. E

'''(#)",,

14. l

6)A

o.9V)

0.19 ns

-)"

!,

(),,,: !)_)"!,-'
: I rv\
(h),D(,,. : V
o)

X l0 |' x
4
288 x lU

40

-----------

;A,i J,

= 0.56 ns
Follwing the hint we assume that Q*

-'

lrr(

,'.,

'_ .lV)

__

(e)

,2

10

i'
\"(|)",, .2

iozlo,:|*sorl(3-1

ipzl..,'Lt
C

t-t

X 1O_6X.56X1O-9

= ,1.4 v

40

10-ls

Thus. '2 decrease o ].6 V.

t4.11

:
V _

-0'88 V

SULD BE SFTED BY

0.88

V ol : 'O.88v F'ER SFTNG

V or : ' l.76V FTER SFTNG

Refer to Fig.'14.12 Neglecting the base curre

of Q1 , the cuent thrugh R1,
D, Dz and R2 is

0.907 + 4.98

(\/DD-v)2

(d)

. 5.2-Vor-vo,
':
Rr+R2
5.2 - o.75 ' 0.75 :

i(v')

,\

14.12

',,,

5)F(1'8V

ou,,

o|,,,,

Von

) -_ t45

r'

---_----:---l-

= 100

14.9

Thi.

_'r

remains saturated during

=AB+AB

l75 _. 28s

|,,,r

ioz1u,'

40

- -*, :
_ V-Vorr:

0.6285 m

Thus,V,

-0-57

Vn

-0'57 -0'15

Exercise 14-4
{,,.r

: ,- Fis.

"
-'

Uon: - 0.49-.75: -1.24

14.26

l
'l8z

:-0.75+5.2

better estimate for V

BQ2iS

-4m
o = -x4xRc2=-4x0.245:
-1
i.779

_ 1.24+)
: __il

' - voR* (-V)

0V (because

.=

V ro!z

-_ l5.2 mA

.zs * o2sln[l!.2)

\l/

= 0.818 V
Thus a better estimate for

the current through R.-1

uon

-0.49-0.818

-l

is

-1.31 V

q.

. r ,' r:g.
]i

1-1.28

= \ 1,. n

14.15

REFER To FG. 14.32 for

99 no,

V' _- V,u: -l.25

...:: _ Vs' F5.2

The vaue of IE we found in Exercise

14.14 o be
4.12 mA. he V
c!a"
- 0.22 4.12

.779
1l

i_]i

]]

I:'l .

_c

:er esimate of

0 779

:
:

0.75 + 5.2

).779
]L

ll . -,.':-;

Jli 1 =
l

r-

ll

]it1

asrimate for
-_i

3.97 m

-.25 nr2'09)

-1.25

v'

'i.

'

__-_______-_____
- 015 + 5.2
i

-':"]

-_

).779

6.88 m

4.166 mA

.imae or /^_l
" ' '1lS

.z5

o.02.sin6.98)

\1,/

_ - .906 - 0.798 :
-1.7M
(b)For z, : Von :
-0.gg V.
/L _-0.89_0,75+5.2
- --__i1g_-- : 4.58

ru|nris

-1.656 \/

Von

4.08 m

_ I :lA

0.5

and coespondingly

better estim
V nlq

Thus.1,

-,,jino]rl

= ". ..

= 0.798

: r/2'

no

0'75

-1'656+2
-----_-:::

V,rl' :

0.906

better estimae for Vruir. is

_:{:.-din_sy,

._]2v, Q"

'i1

l
,|o]

\1)

UoR-

ru|nris

..:5 . O.O25nrg)

ill]]

= -0.906 V

" n.1.018:3.98m

lil]
"l

. QR : 0.75, = 4.08 m

ate

for

0.75 +

0^ iS

o.025|r()

_ .88-0.788+52

o.7;Vrao : *0.22x 4._53 :

-1 V
Von:-1-0.75:*1.75V
-1.75+2 __ 5 m
,|Rr - -.---J:_--:
V r!,

0.788

-_ 4'5'] 'q

O.z5 + ).O25ln)

\1/

= .79 V

Von: -1-0.7g:-1.79

').799

4.12 mA

(c) The inpur resistance

into rhe base of e3 is

(+)[r".+Rrl

{Il

'il

lol[f

+ 5Ol

5..55

xercise 1 4-5

clno

(5.55 kQ Il 0.zz

vi

',leo

-5.55 l

* Rt

0.22 :

11-'rr.'

5+5

'on
c|

0.99

_0.269 X 0.909

ssume

d) See figure below.

''

_
-

-0.24

/y

0'79

(-0.79+.3)

,=^

-- (-0'79}
|o r,0,,
{

_5.2
(because the current will be 4 to 5 m)' At the
range of saturatin,

-0.58 V

\4.16
Refer to Fig. |4.26' Fr the ref'erence circuit' he
current through R1, D1, D2, and R2

5.2 2 X 0.75
i"
'"
4.98 + 0.907

v rlo,

_Il _

Va

'lQ|

6: u:0'99

0.719

+ vs

0.99

vt-0.'9+5.2

0.269

(#.zzr)xro3

!on
','l
"( 1QA

0_y"+.79-0.1 :
Thus.---=:--

-o'57
.57

.629

v
0.75

: 'l'32

l..l2 + 5.2 _- .636 m

6.|

Thus he reference circuit draws a current of

(().629 + 0.636) = 1.265 m from the 5'2 V
supply. t follows that the power dissipated in the
ret'erence circuit is 1.265 x5.2 = 6.6 mW' Since
the reference circuit suppies four gates, the dissipation attributed to a gate iS

1'65 mW

n addition, the gat draws a current

: 4

mAfrom the 5.2V supply' Thus the

power dissipation / gate is

P:4x5.2+|.65:22-4mW

totatr

Exercise 15-l

Ex 15.1

Refer to Fig. 15.5 (a)

when

, : a, :

Saturatted'a

and

Q2willbeintride

O*'() _

Vo____
l
I
*zpp
------------->
--..-_J
|

'

Ex 15.4

From Example 15.1:

(fl.1

,,

1v

,, 'l(f),

- O 5)() - ) l']

-* 172x1o-o

l+'J_l
'^'-2.6m
8ra
' -

ii
--->l'<-

---------->

"X5x103X.69

10

6.9 ns

/
17
2
"'"
[rvDD-n)
\

(.,.

,. ',()(),( - o,)'

i()(ffi)[',

_d__V
vDDt2

-CR ln2

t1

k"' : 4k; : 30O A/V2;

l-.1 : 0.5; Vee - 1.8

)'''

___-l____--__

-,,)' : o;(o,),
ir'()",('(}),,
-_(Voou) -:()'1

,n"nO* will be

: ,,,

(y).1,".

()

= \ '

)"

'5 )'
1.8 - .5/

(l
\

-r] : ,,

z._s

Ex 15.5

, : '" \5 L':
,

r^,

To find

!r('C,,"'()r,

)
\Ll"

""

15, ,Jie

v,n

use

o)2

2.5

l.'2- l X 3O0 X -6 X 2.5 (.8 : 24o A

6, : 2x 1o-t2 xo.2 : 1.7 ns
24O10

,, () :
\Lt"

144

._s)'

(t.8_ O.5_

0.5)2

1.5

/. : l X3OX l0 6x
'2

.5

6r:2x70144

l.5

t2xo.2:2.gns
A

or:/ 1o 1
5

rW)

\L

therefre,

),'

:2.ns
r: 1.7nsX
1.5

Exercise 15-2

Ex 15.11

Ex 15.6

(}),

= ().

"

?,l'-('-

(l).,

(),, =

2.5

[r

- (' -

FromEq. 15.18:

.)']

x 2.5= (l),, <

- Wo:

Ex 15.7
From Eqs.

0'18m

M2M(NMos)

V,l -

y CB 2
Vl

x t '1
.:Xl0_''
:

:6.0

" L

mV

-0.06

Total chiP area

134.2

134211128 pm"

2x

1'74'46 mm2 =

:2

13-2 mm2

+2+22+"'+2l)
:2
Geometric series r

"

'

\/e

reduce r byafactorof2bydecreasing
Samefacr.

6;

can

bythe

8^' + 8''
ence, G, has to be doubled'
be increased by a
and both g,nndfrd g^1rhaet
be achieved by
ru"to, or i. t e increase in g, can

Gn

increasing lhe crrespondn

().

_
10'54 - '"
.t8

()"

: tx2'16
- 018 :24

f '

'us'

:2N -l
Number

Ex 15.9

'o

, 2
r.r] + ...+ ?
L
^
L

(1

Thus,

Since r is proporional

- 2 _
Sum: ,'2 _l
,1

11.6 mm

Refe to Example 15'2'

1.28:

Number

134.2rnrn' o.equivalentlY
11.6 mm

2N transisatthe Nth level there wil be

can be
transistors'
of
tors. Thus th ttal number
.

find as

64x 1024 o24x2

1.3

our tree decoder will have 2

the first
;i;ll"".. Tius it willhave N leels: t
second
the
at
i""., r"." wil be 2 transistors'
22 ,. '

Ex 15.8

zM(l + t)

Refer to Fig.

Area of the storage array

+ 2M(PMos)

Ex 15.13

tt
:
c,
_ -30 x 1o 12x1'2
-Cr',,voo
2
,
J"O
- -60 mV

:
:
:

o'

Reler to Fig. 11.26

show:
our decoder is an extension f that
to 3)
(as
opposed
w" r.* n bits is the address
lines'
wrd
2M
be
and correspondingly there will
to M
cnnected
is
Nov, eactof the 2M word lines
Thus
transistr'
PMOS
NMOS deices and to one
required is
the ttal number of devices

6'25

5.14 and 15'15' we have:

C,

CVroo

Ex 15.12

For minimum area: select

Wn:

l :

x l.8 : l8O
-_ 5OPF
-- CVo
0.5 ns
r
P: Vro : 1.8 X 180 A : 324 W

(). =
''()"

(), =

_J-')')

Ex

:2Q*1)

15.14

t"l 2x5tu
1
-

2X5X1'9

:100Mz

Exercise l5-3

ilr

1)2.s

(c) n one time-constant the oltage eached

is

-)rt'7

Vop
ull

-1

1251

tntlfri

__1- t,=2.2

voo\-e-t):
:

--J

<_

o.632vDD
3.16
5

V
V--> {.5

+2.5

C"

-'lnrlx,
.ai,, 10' - o.l

ns

'": *o"()^Q.16-2
: ]xsx9x2.l2
')
')

:0.35 m

C"v
D

_2x10-12xg.5:2.9ns
.35

l-:

-:x103

1O-3

Exercise 16-l

Ex:

1:1

16.1

,\ -- -20log lTl [dBl

: 1 O.99 O.9 .8 o"7 0'5 0'1

A:: 0.1 | 2 3 6 20
1T]

x
,",-

6.2

20 log 1.05

-l

20 1og 0'95

0'9 dB

'

since (0)

: 1,k:

1s+l)(s'+s+s+l)
1

(s)

(s+1)1s2+s+11
1

j2) -

(slj){s

'l "[j)(" i
(s:+4)

';)

I-1

{-+,st--j:
"44
, (rt+4)
s-'l-.s*
,4
: _

:l 4

k___-=-----:--

(1

('f
7.sl-o
"t

T(o)

.'.7(s) :

Thus:

I
,_)ornnl
'l0.0l_4OdB

Ex:16.3

'

1()
Q:\

c2

")

11 '2)

'r-;,l';a',2
I

2
=_'=a-
./l -'- .' -" t _"]

-!
J*ro

{3)

rg}
Jl '

_2O

lrad '

,J,lt-_

'

12^l(l'1,11;)

a.E.D

hus:

28'6 dB

'r'

Ex:16.6

1_-

. : r/lT_ l -

Ex: L6.4

r(sl

-'ffi
(s + .1 +

s({2

.4)

j1'2) (s + 0'l

n oz: + O'65)

1s2 + 0.23

l)l

j1'2)

(,)

+ 1'45)

^/lO"'

| --

0'588

/'

'' l
f '-.'|.e)'*

-20lglT(j')l
r

lo o[l

. l2\

' .';)
1/

> 30
Thus, lO lg[1 + .58882 X 1'52]
:
dB
N: 1LS 29'35
N :1 1 LS : 32'87 dB
.'.

N -_ l l

Use

,,',,, :

and bain

32.87 dB

Fr ,.,, to be exactly 3 dR

e'x 1.522] : 3
- oa-a
0.3654 9 .a' + 2 lg ^h

l 1g[1 +

ol2Q: lCos60 :

o/r.Q: 1cos60 :

t).54

dB

1/2

ples has
As shwn' the pair f cmputex

: l andQ:

Ex: L6.7

-l
The real Pole is at s
at
The cmp1ex conjugate poles are
s : 2cos6O" -t jsin60"

: -0.5tii,I

Exercise 16-2

Valeys are obtained when

co,'[lucos_'(fi

,""'_'(fr) :

k'k

'

0,|,2

;:,"""'(),k:0'1,2
r:"CsO:r"
6r:rCosf:o.lr"
dr:"Cos:o.s.,
Ex:16.9
for

DCr*:

0.5

1Ol-1:o.3493

(,)
"

:
:

:5

Io los| + 2cosh'"o*h
_-"" ,:})'l
"t

10 1og[1 + O.34932cosh

,)-J

217csh _121]

64.9 dB

For.A.,'= l dB,

: JlO" i _

0.5088

: 10 log[1 + 0.5882cosh2(7cosh
: 68.2 dB

(:)

'2)]

This is an increase of 3.3 dB

tl

'(ff

u'.o,'["o,

-'f

/_

i'l} - l)rl

:
r' )
5
]|}

0.95p

):

.5o8{

10 tog[1 + O.50882cosh21ly'cosh

7.4 .'. choose

Excess ttenuation

i---- l'. :
![n,

l0'o_l :

N :

.t - l,n

r :

n/

('s) :
50dB

:0

g]- :

.:

(a) For the Chebyshe Filter:

ten

fi

Ex:16.10

o.so,"

1O

N:

log[1 + 0.5O882cosh218cosh _1l.s)l

:55-50:5dB

o,,z'

_'t.s)]

(b) For a Butterwrth Filter

0,

r,2

0.5088

(,)

1O

-.(fi

log[1 + 0.50882(1.5)'*]

N -attenuatin :

N:15.9
Excess

r ro[l

.'.

choose

]
= 50

16

log(t1 + 0.5882(1.5)"]

- s) :

0.5 dB

Exercise l6-3

x: 16.11

9:IO3rad/s
a

10.
selected to yeild a centre Frequency gain of

Ex:16.15
(a)

104:!CRr R,:10k
C : 0.01 F
D
l0
.F. Gain - _+ Rz

an az

:ao

Rl

100

r(s)

Ex: 16.12

Reler t Fig.

s2

52+s/Q+lo
b-2

16. 14

1 :
,n,,:
"cR

1T(,rr)l

lO-trad/s

For R arbitrarily selected t be

l0kC:

.l

10'x

,:O. l

1"

t+

The two resistors labelled R,can also be selected

-l

tbe

each.

-_-_
s+sn/2'l,, +i
,1

(fordc gain =

1)

(),.

-'-=_:--:2,2 (2i -)
z
I(r'n
,'2'
- ,')" +, ,.-.2

l, rrl

=--4
/r

\2Qz

',

,b

o'1'

<'l2o

,,(r?r-r1)
+ ', :

<'l!)2

z(2o- ?)

(1)

Now t btain attenuation > A dB at , and '

where ,

Bv"

*((l)_,i)2Q2l
.'']',,.1

"

ll=

}
1

which is 3 dB helw he

1.1
NL

alue at de(unity) Q.E.D.

r2-

l=^a,,,,-1

BW,, Q

(b) Fr:3dB

'9"
.r, I 0', '-l O'
I

i{f'nm
ffi1
Jr:*
]ll1]!lllry,

21 Q.

=o=_--...jqB}V,/!{) I''

SUB(l)

l !="6l"-1
r-1 0
'r,

Ex:16.14

This (s)

=a

lo ]=7i6e,t,'_

\,',/
n,

$ _ <'l| Q

\n

+{lel

"

l =1; r-'

r
^/

is
lr any two frequencies , and , at which ||

ltol
,","ol,

n'4+ )

Jl)
I

A2

(o3

,lrj,

'

the same

Ex: 16.13

7('s)

* 'lb

lO5 ral / s

o:

---+-Btv,JIO"t

oRBIV.

JQ

o..o.
l

t(t

BW

Q..D.

Exercise 16-4

From Exercise 6.16 abe 3dB bandwidth

-,

- ,u-

,',

ll

t"

nfi'

= o/Q

210:26o/Q+Q : 6
Q : ooCR
6:260 XCX 14-+C :

+)-'

\ -

.",-,12(l

2(.

o)2**-,
olo

2Q'

1.2 rads

Q :

C)

:,

o:
'

"L

L:+:,19o
oQ 260 x 6
Ex:16.19
f

"

1.6F

1o

kz /.o,

:4.42

50O

0:=!-::ru
-, "f,u, 500
Using the data at the top of Table
a-

{.2,

- ,'.*)l

t'-'' -.].".)2

C: 1.2 nF
R:Rz-R::Rr:
Co --

1'.2x 1o-9

Ru: Q/nc:

13.26

-:265k
, '0
x l.2 X l 9

2|oo

Now using the data in Thbe

:@ _1

nC

(%*
2|0a

16. t

6. 1

for the bandpass

case

i(

centre-frequency gain = 10

1*rr/rr:10
Selecting rl :

r kc)

10

k thenr,

Ex:16.20

':x215x13

Eq (16.25)

7(s)

- p : 210a
-_

8'1408(s + 0.2895or)

1s2 + sO.4684 o + 0.4293o2)

1

1s2 + s0.1789n + 0.9883r2)

The circuit consists of3 sections in cascade:

(a) First ordgr section
r

!r -

2.25 mH
1

the number coefficient was set so that the dc gain

=1

7(s):

-0'2895,
s + 0.2895o

Exercise 16-5

Let

R,

dcgain =
as i -+

C:

Rz/R:

: R2:

10k

C=nF

.Cn'

0.2895X21oax10a

|
nC

R:

0.2985-' _

x lO

210a

-l5.9k

"

UsingEq. (16.62) andselecting R1

Rr: R,:10k

5.5 nF

10

: 10 k
10(2x2 - 1) : 3 k
K : 2 - + : 1.5 v/v
o

Using Eq. (16.63) and setting R2

(b) Second-Order section with transfer function:

(s)

L6.21

Refer to he circuit in Fig. 16.24 Chsing

lr(j)l

R1

0.4295')

Rr(2Q

- 1) :

ighfreuency gain=

s2 + 0.4684,, + 0.4293'12,

where the numerator coefficient was selected to

yield a dc gain of unity

The transfer function to the utput of the first integratr is

Vnu

vi

1 _Vn - sKl(CR)
n,
sCR vi
s2+Sj+

Thus the centre-frequencY gain

Q
= CRn

: o - l.52

-_

3v/V

F.x:16.22

"T"
Select R,

+C:

-Rz:R::Rs:1k
JA2g3x2104xlo4

2.43 nF

C:C:C--2.43nF
n
-

- l.4=> ^ - _9-:
- L-oiql'n
,,('
.4684

14

(c) Second-Order Section with Transfer-function:

(s)

0.98832

The circuit is similar to that in (b) abve but with

Rr : Rz - R:: R5 _ 10k

Cr:Ca:

ln

;:

10*

,,(Rr/ R"\s2 +
._
"

(RF/R1)-2n

l s,,/Q1rl2u
given C : lnF R : 10 k
R_ '' l ,_-_ll.8:]k
oC 25 X l'X
10k
R:1k+R":
:
R2(2Q-1)
R2 _ 10k*R,
:
9 k
=-10(10 - 1)
s2

J9s83x214x14

1.6 nF

:5.56
o:J8&1
_
1789
ThusRu

v^
Vi

: Q/,,C:55.6k

Pacing the three sections in cascade' i.e. connect_

ing the output of the firsrorder section to the
input of the second-rder sction in (b) and the
output of of section (b) to the input of (c) results
in the verall transfer function in eq. (16.25).

:
&-'
Rr*o

DCgain

R,

_2=R,
-
"

lor9]'
\5/

: (z ;)fr :

: 3}:9.:

16.7

25.6 k

xercise l6-6

jbr

,'+r[-___-+

l
\
\ "x2X Os
l;;;/*
;,

---------.:1.59nF
1

]10*

{lll l

lM

:1

,'+

l0*

:
-ein = Q

r13

X lJ) +

1Os

,: -3xot^/qxo'-x
2

= -0.382

10a

and -2.618 rc4 rad

s

:'_

ll1f,

]i

. 0:20k

:r.

: 2 19

x:16.27
vi

:rd abe 16.2

,l,*''', *^^'-.,iE

Vt: O-

vo

sczRl

1at ()

V^
j:?+SCr(V-Vi-#\

* v,-v^

o;;":o

&*sc u"*##,r
,l

1'-l-

: :

+ oV _

1O*s

sc2.R3R4

vo=

nF

vi

: ]k

_/

sc

ffr;l

n
Ro

+1
.tc2R3R4

KQ

ffillh',fr'

"
't

f:

This is a bandpass function whose poles

are identical to the zeros ofr(s) in Fig. (16.2g
a).

so

C,_-l0 "F.R':2 O5&Rn:5,

|::9,:
10'

' ]&l;,llirrr*xt

Vr:
_.-JX2XlaX
Vi s2
lsX lo4 + 0

i:r:ltiln of the feedback

network is
: ].Ea t. he poles are the roots of
ffiMluilill|:lilf :: po.nomial,
]Mhflrrli*

*
l1sltu l

uil-'-_

] --
\
-

l'

ffit,,'" = -_- : ]0-9

lffi = *' -'l.

C&)

F,

'cg7o

R : 2X

1O5

For unity centre-frequency gain

X: 10a+:
nus & : l k: R.

l_
2x1o4

O'5

--

00 k

Exercise 16-7

1 ,
- _ !9--'--- : -l.s(
^+2.o

Ex: 16.28

.s;o

<_

Scayo

.--->

Sc4 (y-y)

SC3V6

c3

oo:-1'1:-2o

Ca

R2

vi

R1

vo

ri:{-C' +.si:C,-z
'" C,
(') - *" C,
11
- _!_2l+
') '(-2-2

SC'V,

:2-2:0
: so-,^J) l sg,=C'-l
"L2
'C
^Q
a

R2

yol srcrc.R,
1

vi

sz +

f;sc.n,
* 'sc'Rl

-n,

s.ft_,(r

R.

:o(-2)+(0)(-2)+0:0

Ex: 16.31

From Eq (16.96) & (16.97)

ft).

C l
a -_..-.-------:_'
r,,R/Rr(l,) Rz)
\R,
gain:

] sc,,+ l

"#_*
as in Eq. (16.ii)

lc.coR,R,

D.C.

+ V SCa(SC,,Rz)

/ C3C4R2

: -J-

<no

high we have:

,ro

1at()

1:0

V,,(t + SC, Rr)

SC3v

LQ:-

(d) using the results in (c) tbr bth resistors being

V,, +

Combining the results in (a) & (b)

(c)

vo

Vn:

!=.__-1x2--l%
)- O
2

s9 "R+

vo

as in Eq ( 16.78)

C:C:6TC
l ,x20
- 2loa
20 X lr
-

6.283 pF
From Eq. (16.99)

C.-C'::O.3l4pF
020

From Eq (16.100)

Centre-frequency gain =

Q.E.D.

Cs

Cs

0'314 PF

x:.16.29

From Fig 16.34 (c)

x: t6.32

R,_R,:R:10k
CR:2Ql.

t-2Q,rRn : 4Q2 --

C,

R'' - l9.Q9 '_ 2106 X.l.2 lO

2/J1
:
2(4 x 16:;10a

(!\:
\)

.5.63

nF

: R.ll ., l R, :

I
2

..

BW

: f ,/Q:

'l +in:_-;

2 : '1a

!x2 :
2

15

1'5

G|| R'"; zrl

35

(2x455X103)X5X10'6

7/2 *'o:

-' +'Q/Q
(b) R. i R,: 2a

k+R, :

10311 103

2.81 nF

S'o:
R3

Ex:16.33

Fi,x:16.30
Refer to the results in Exampe 16.3
(a) R./R. : *2o

':,:

455t35:

13

KHz

hL
I

C :

(2x455x lOr)2X5X l
24'4" nF

24.47

0.2

24.27 nF

:3k

Exercise 16-8

:.rlrjthr,;?s

1fl.

.1ll

,illll{i '

"

,,,:,

,fh,rtritt

72.8

_: 5

X 455 X

1O3

X 5 X 10-6

fili'

?-

-]l = _!_
.= 1
: _its tr

zq..l

ff;;]{

lJn,,'i-],-

hu_s.

Vr" : R/n &

Ri

is

=#'-

141.4

C,

15.1

(2 lo.63 x

74J

1o_|2

O6;2

X.1

14|.4

l9.*

Eq (16.110)
']

.r[z

lil'.fr

1
l|'l

];X 1.7X106)2X3X10-6

i ]F

'.i:, . --"' 2?-X

lll

illill

(16.I15)

"{F--

:rq on, .,-)

:1'/.'l2

--a

lo.77 Hz

141'4z

_.

Eq(i6.l6)
:
'- uf.:1': _:/2[2 :
10.63

103

-*D

M]:
-

3.8X

= :.JKHz

Mz

X lO'6

1o3

Ex:16.37

"sae ^ -sage2

lL

::x15.5xl5.t
1

:7

Gain of synchrnous-tuned amplifier at to

|03

Gain f stagger-tuned amplifier atl is proportional to

p-l-

= s- R/n,here

1,'-s* =

bzL

::e 1ltage developed across

L2

: 74.7 pF
R: 1 =

_ - an

x 10

For stage 2

72'8

15.5

l-6

pF

CBt

,;
+r

I:

R:

x 106;2X3

(210.77

'2oL

ls5

'=-l-i.-i

:li]m]il] ]il,i|]fil,,,

t:. -

__

f,' _

l,-

,'

'iS

1_

C:

e: n caions

mur;

,'lMirlll'ri

Rrug"l X

:
:

6.95

Rsage2

6.95

48.3

.'.Rati

1l7 :7')
- 48.3

Exercise

Ex: 17.1
le frequency f,,

_ 1kz

Centre frequency

galn:

+(:d,n.n,r*i,
t6'
(b) The frequency of oscillation

tplpt clt'l
: !vzv

L*

VR\'o'* Vr(t

.ft)

Thus.

in-vu
t3

:-5.93 V/V

vo - !(ot

_R, _60
Limier gain - 1 :
":-2 /

-601
30

5.93

-)

|otentiometer

-O.95 +

is

t ground

:\

Zp

;fr:

z,,-lEl',

16

10-9

kz

input and
woring from the utpu back t the
continuing the equations we get

' '
-'scn]

*(n*#i-r.)

10

Ex:17.5

: ('*ft)('=+tJ
:(t*

2 thus the

a) for oscillations to start, R, /R'

shu1d be Set So that is resistance

Rl\
- - * i,)777,

L(s)

-)-s

x17.4

(b)"f":

Ex:17.3

peak is
from symmetry, we see that the negative
peakoutput
Thus the
*1 ; the positie peak'
t-peak oltage is 2l '36 V

Slope in the limiting regions

-R,li R.
: __'

2u,, *

=+V: 1'68v

1:2.91

(a)

vb+15

Vo:

-F

the

R.'

:-15]-(t-J)

'

yb-(-5)

Vn-Vu
Rl

+5'93V

Thus limiting ccurs at

?6

the cuents
rent through D, in cmparisn with
that
find
we
Ro
and
R'
through

L :'v*&,-v,(-ft,)

kz

drop (0'7 V)
voltage at nde b will be one diode
1/3 ofV'l thus
is
about
which
V,
vItage
uiouJ,n"
neglect the curv b -- 0.'7 + i, / 3. Now if we

:''(;)+(r+J)
:5+0.93:

is (10s/16) rad/s

peak
(c) Refer t fig. 17.5. t the positine

x:.l7'2

17_'

v t

Vo ,

SCR,R

(Yr* Yn )
\ R, scRrR

'sCR

3.03
:--------1

3+scR*3i
:
where R : 1 k and C

..
y'
l6 nF

Thus

L(s)

3'03

.*,

lo-s +

---l---.Sy !6x l0 =

by settlng
The closed loop poles are tbund
f s' satifiying
alues
the
are
itl"y
ir,
ut
iirl = tt

',

x
3 +.s
r J/\
-'

16

10-s +

---J-5116x1

303

-Vo _ l(Vo,

sCR/

r\

Y, )-

scrR'l

.tc

u": #,(r',#)
_ vo,- l
scR *' '-*)]
s-cnrl', scn'=L

:#,.#*#)

Exercise 17-2

v"/ R

Ex:17.8

$
\-Vo.Yo *s

&

[rk

v,:vorh#:r"(, .F;)

r*(rt.,*r&-r)]

Nde equation at collecor:

4*

{;*.v'"k*h:'
*r'u.-k('-#")

]ffi'? s_c,
- jCR1

:'

-('-#)

a the

m{
b

value of ) that

rmber.

t,airred

Since Vo * D, (oscilations have started) it can

be eliminated resulting in

s',rc(.-

from

*sL*,:n
R
lm;;S, t6 1-9X 10X

103

tz
fosm- the magnitude

! l or geater than) unity,

Substiting S

*)-

S21L,C + L2C)

: j

1l-2C1Lr+Lr)l+jal

',t,, :

l - G'- *),

R:OO:q...

JC(Lt +

I,:01g^R"t:#
foe f

R.is

_Lr

- 4R -4R
*, C-R:
1

L2)

+ L2
L2

+ 8^R': L/ Lz

for scilations to start

g'R)>

_t

L2 Q..D.

x: |7.9

]lOr
= .nk

w large as the voltage

:fu ak-t-peak

L1 /

amplitude

: qll

R,ll

: ,I ,||
zxlo3ll
1OoX1O "

:l0l 2|l
C.

1O

xIoJ

1.64k

t,-t.r:40xt.64:65.6

Exercise I 7-3

Cz

x 0.01

65.6

,1

Ex: L7.L3

0.66 F

z CtC,
&),,''c\+c2
O.1

lor2

0.66 X 10

= 100

0.l + .66

Ex: 17.10
from Eq (17.24)

"1
\

2]LC'

a_

sz'o.olzx

10-]2

2.015 Mz
from Eq (11.25)

.1

'P

1-

C"C"
o
'

"^fr;ft-,
2

|.szxa9]

ms=.125 ms

0.02 + 4
F,x:17.14

2.018

Mz

g-&

=9!

Timedelay=

3V
7

2x2.015xrc6x0.52
120
"

55,000

Ex: 17.11

Vll:Vr:ltt
R'
-,: Rr+R2 ,13
R,
R
R2

1.6

16k

comparator with

Ex:17.15

|V-|
l'rl

x17.12
v

r"

- V r,,:

ft,

Possibe chice

00
2

&:10
.06

R2

2Rt

threshold of 3 V and output

R]

R, :

50 mV

,R,
5Xl0 :10

l'f

5: R'x10
Rr:

levelsof:t12V

10

R2

20 k

: 200 Rr
forR,:1k R2:200k
Rz

Exercise 17-4

,#': #6:
,-

::

'

]^

OO9

l.09
lnr
\I _

v
v

.)

0.09t/

F{

Tt
During
V

12

T2

(2 + V o)e

'/5

'(t1
V:
Voatt:T/2
V: 12-(12+Vo)n-''''

R2

10k

: z."n(12+Vo\
\2-VD)

:
3

0 k

XO.l l0-6X OX lrx ln|2 + 7r)

\12

Jt_-1_-;@\5oo

r)

\12-vD)

fltr"":

,.(+#)

_4281z
t

0'c, V :

.7 +.05

0.75 V
500
:
_-lo,
:-- : 3'995 Hz
h(12.7s\
\r1.25 )
t 50'c, Vn : O.7 - o.O5 : 0.65 V

lt
J

/lrr., :

':
r.rg.6s)
\

t 10'c , V

: 4'6ll

1.35/

0.7

- :'ioo,
tnr12.ss)

/l,no".

* O.15

Hz

0.55

5,45l z.

\1r.4sl

Ex:17.18
To obtain a triangular waveform with l0_V peak_
to-peak amplitute we shoud have

V7u:-Vrr:5Y

But/",: -a+R,
R2
Thus

Ru

-5 :
20k

10
-10 x R2

xercise [7-5

For

kz tiequency, T = lms

/2 _

0.O1

R:

.5

gVrn -Vr

1O-3

X 1-6xR 10/10

5k

F.x:11.19
Using Eq (1'.37)

X t

1O0

Rr

0.1

1O-6

R3

-(i#)

x:.17'2|

T _ 0.69C(RA+2R)
X

0.69

103

1_l21Ro

+ 2RB)

1O3

= Ro'l

2RB

- _-_--!0.6q x l0
I

k(l)

14'49

Using Eq (13.45)

x 14.44 :
- (2)+Ra : 3.6l k

(1)

o.75

10.88

(2)

7'27

Jse 7.2

j:

9:

0.1 X

m while ideally

-0.3 m.

V:

514 the

0.9 mA. Thus the error is

circuit proides

r5-3 -- 2.6m,whileideally
";:
5 1.25
, _ 0.1 x25 : 2.5 m.Thustheerroris

k,

1/

: 7Y

; -!.7
5

the circuit proides

_-]

.25

standard 57o rSistors'

Ex:.17.22

-->

is -0.3 m

(m)
8

Rl
6

- ,u

4
2

--0.1

t:2V,i:0.4mA

Thust,'

:2:

04

For 3V'< v

u
'RrR2 t-

='v
-_]

st

4.6m,whileideally.Thus

At u : 10Y the circuit Provides,

. l0. l0- 3 l0-7 - tOm,whi|e
.-125 zs
ideally I - 10 mA. Thus the error is 0 A.

kdl
and 3.6

0.6

the error

ow, subsihrting into (2)

Rl :

_ 1_

ji

RA+ 2R

R + RB

8V we must hae

6.4 mA'

+0.1 m'

+R"
_-----___

o 75

V (i.e. to obtain

: 8 * 8-3 - 8.7
l25

R: : 1'25 k
t v : 3 V, the circuit provides

T : l.1CR*R : T/1.1c: 9.l k

o'u

x:. 17.20

To obtain a perfect match at

to select R, so that

6171

l,

i : 1.6 m)
16:!*4--l
5R,
R2 : 1.25 k
for > 7V
. ' 3 _7
-RrR2Rr

Thus,
T

To obtain a perfect match at V

Slope = 1/R,

Exercise 17-6

Thus,

v, :

.5

so

: 0.51 v
l: I v/o: 1v
i : 1 mA, p : .7 V l _ 13
at : -1 V -Thenegativefeedbackloopisnot
aA

7)o

', o

operative.

o:0 : -12

lilr(

u
,s

lr(l i,_r R

1llfl*

h1
-

-'

2.42 V 11

v,l

L5

? / l\

2.s

1 , 2.42\

rt
:'::'

\-,.

x:17.25

)
2,s )

2.42\
2.s )

- ,2Rr) - (Vr, - "1ir)

,-,)R"

__P ./1_2.42
2.5

: -. :: K

l. .?

x 2'42
2.5

-+.,4+94 \/

For the diode to cnduct and close the negative

feedback loop, omust be negative, in which

{.:: ]-_1J

)A
o

R
)o

=1

r"'aIp

, rnv

mv
R
l,il'i

is ideal o

rfor

,o: 10mV
:10

= 1m

z:

> O.

m 10
:0.7V
:)
0.6V 0.5v

: rJ

.1

case, the negatie feedback causes a virtual short

circuit to appear between the input terminas of

the op amp and thus o: l, For positive U/ , the
op amp Saturates in the psitive saturation leve.
The dide wil be cut

offand u,

Q.

n summary

o: 0 for ,>0
Un: a for 1<0
x: l7.26
Refer to Fig(17.34)
E^--.U/

l Y.
--,l/.
D, wil1 cnduct and close the negative feedback
oop around the op amp.
0, the current

through R, and D, wiit be 1 m. Thus the votage

at the op amp output.

1t

: -0J

V which will set

Exercise 1 7-7

R'' Thus
D' off and no curent will flow thrugh

{0-D,on

'

U:0V
For , : -10mV

R,&

R,

:0V
-:.7v

R::

to v, ' The nega_

thus be
tive feedback lop of the op amp w:i1l
at the
appear
will
ground
closed and a virtual
The
cutt'
be
D,will
terminal'
inerting input
be
will
D,
Rrand
R,,
through
curent

,,

: o+

10

1]A

Fr ;,

: -l

X 10k :

o,,

--

.5 +

+0.1 V

'1 :

0'6

This is similar to the case when

v,

: - 10 mV

The curent through R1, R,, D, will be

| :lm

':

l A . Ths he dide' D''lage

will be 0.5 V.
lD|

off

* n curfnt flws through

D, will conduct though

l0 m
r kt)

uo goes the & tbrms D,

xt1.28

1k

: 0.7 V
1)o_ +lmXlok: l0V
r:10+r,:1g-7

".

,r'

x; L7.21

>0 -

Equivalant Circui

-D,n,D,off

12 0
D1 into the
Current flows from through Rl' R"

output termina f the opamp'

goes negatie

results:
and is thus ff. The following circuit

. 15
,.IRR
As z,

r,1

so
goes negative, the above circuit hlds

that ,

0. This ccurs

aS

the 15 V supply

negative '
surces the current even for sma'll
0
This situation remains the case until 1

u0
7l

: -R,
R1

... 15+'l:o
3R R
: -5V
l'1-5-DzoffD,-on

'

Exercise 17-8

' :

b)

with

a1 o

V-

simiar to the circuit in (a) but

he undergounded pamp input termi-

nalsatul: 1 V
o:1V
: \/ 10k :
1 :1*Uo,
= + o.7 o.l
-"

{j:0-R

=,-(ii.#)"
= -r - 5
note U/ :

7l0+

o.7

:. D2:0-Vo<-Drff!

'"'I

o Q-l)

.6V

(c)

: -

O.1

r/

10 V - similar to (a) & (b)

- ainput teiminals (nt grunded) of opamps is

equal t 0v.

4'3>o

: 10
1 : : 1 m-diodevtages : O.7V
V : o+ Jz : 10 + .7 : 1O.7 V
d)ur:.1
Vs: Vr-fV^
= O. O.7J .tlon[Q2\

"\ /

= 0.63 V
V= _12

<-

0.01m

1= 0 + 0.1
10
=

0.0lm

+ "= 0'o2

ov

V6=_
=.Iv

{.r.na

V'=V+ (
0.1V =

=O.l+O7+l.,/.o
-

,|,o.l,,R

=0.63V
IV

(e)

0.1

vo

ai 1

\B

:g.1

lr all circuits, currents are given in m, resis_

:nce in k & vltages in V.

- use circuit

: -vr: 1V

1,:0.1 m

o,:*,=0.2mA
Vr: Vo V= 1+O.7+O.r(Q?)

"\l/

1.63

\,

in (d)

Exercise 17-9

('D

1:

: - 10 V

,,,

0 V

_s

1.m

_ 2mA

V, -

o is a sinusoid f 5-V rms (peak vltage of

mA

lo _ -al:

Ex: 17.31

use circuit (d)

Vo I

10.73

"D

be

lO l

O.7 +

O.l logr+)
-\1/

]'x:17.30

te average current through the meter will

't <lc
a x 'l'
.To
R

obain ull-scale leading. This

curren mus be equal t l m. Thus

m. which leads t R = 4.5

V" will

be maximum when

peak, i.e.

:
R
2*

Vo is

at its positive

J2 v. t this vale of V, we

btain

Vl+vM+ Vr,*Vo
V: V : 0.7V and

U.' -*

v,,
-

Forlr>0,i.e., _ 1"'
, : -|l'| and
'lJ: _|"_zX |,rl :+|",1
Forr<0'i.e., _ -ll
z _ 0, : -|x - |r||

|,|

Thus, the block diagram implements the absolute

value peration.

Using the circuits of Fig( 1 7.34 a), with the diodes

reersed, to implement the halt'-wae rectifier, and
a weighted summer results in the circuit shown
belw.

UseR _ Rf _ lOk

Thus

V.l,o*

s"lt x o.o5
4.5

o.o8

O.7 + .8 + 0.7 +

Similar|y we can calculae

1/,

lmin

-8.55 V

where

v
_5'D

s.55