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CHEMI STRY - 1
:: Authors ::
Dr. Mahendra Borisagar (M.Sc., Ph.D.)
- H. & H. B. Kotak Science College, Rajkot.
Dr. Kausik Joshi(M.Sc., Ph.D.)
- D.K.V. Science College, Jamnager.
Strictly According to the New Syllabus
(C.B.C.S.)
Prescribed by Saurashtra University for B.Sc. (Sem. - 1)
The First ISBN Listed Educational Books
Publishing Company in Saurashtra & Kachchh
BHARAT & COMPANY
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Subject : Chemistry - 1
ISBN No. : 978-93-81786-87-1
1
st
Edition : 2014 - 15
Published by :
Mr. Ketan Popat
Bharat & Company,
Dr. Yagnik Road,
Rajkot - 360 001
Contect : 90990 27279
All rights are reserved by the Publisher and Authors.
` `` `` 75/-
Authorised Dealer :
Bharat Book Stores,Opp. D.H.College,
Dr. Yagnik Road, Rajkot - 360 001
Ph. (0281) 2481545 / 2465148
Printed at :
Bharat Offset, Ahmedabad.
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:: PREFACE ::
It is great pleasure to introduce CHEMISTRY - 1 (Sem-1) as
a reference book for under graduate students. This book helps
greatly to students of all university, especially under the Choice
Based Credit System for Saurashtra University, Rajkot. All the
chapters are written in lucid language with suitable example,
exercises and M.C.Q. Thus students can easily understand and
grasp the topics. All the topics are deal with carefully and in
detail for better understanding to the new syllabus of Saurashtra
University, Rajkot.
We are also thankful to Bharat & Co. for publish this book.
We request our colleagues, subject experts to send their
healthy criticism and valuable suggestions to improve the book,
will be gratefully being appreciated.
We specially thank following subject concern persons and
educationalist, who helped us directly or indirectly in presenting
this book.
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:: INDEX ::
Unit - 1 : Inorganic Chemistry
Ch.1 Periodic Properties
1.1 General rule for Electronic Configuration 1.2
1.2 Periodic Tends in Properties of Electrons 1.4
1.3 Determination of Ionic Radius 1.16
Ch.2 Bonding and Shapes of Molecules
2.1 Valance Bond Theory (vbt) 2.3
2.2 Hybridization 2.6
2.3 Stereo Chemistry of Inorganic Molecule 2.15
Ch.3 Elements of First Transition Series
3.1 Introduction 3.2
3.2 Electronic Configuration 3.3
3.3 Reversal of Energy in 3d and 4s 3.5
3.4 Physical Properties 3.6
3.5 Atomic Properties 3.9
3.6 Magnetic Properties 3.12
Unit - 2 : Organic Chemistry
Ch.4 Substitution & Elimination Reaction of Alkyl Halides
4.1 Introduction to type of Reaction 4.2
4.2 Types of Organic Reaction 4.10
4.3 Substitution Reaction of Alkyl Halide 4.16
4.4 Elimination Reaction 4.18
4.5 Elimination Reaction of Alkyl Halides 4.22
4.5 Heat of Hydrogenation and Stability of Alkene 4.23
Ch.5 Cycloalkanes
5.1 Nomenclature of Cycloalkane (alicyclic system) 5.2
5.2 Nomenclature of Bicyclic or Tricyclic Compounds 5.4
5.3 Method of preparation of Small Ring Cycloalkanes 5.6
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5.4 Physical properties of Cycloalkanes 5.9
5.5 Chemical properties of Cycloalkanes 5.9
5.6 Baeyer's Strain Theory 5.11
5.7 Theory of Stainless Ring or Sacshe Mohr Concept 5.14
5.8 Preparation of Large Ring Cycloalkanes 5.15
Unit - 3 : Physical Chemistry
Ch.6 Thermodynamics
6.1 Introduction 6.2
6.2 Thermodynamics Importance & Limitations 6.2
6.3 The System and the Surroundings 6.3
6.4 Extensive and Intensive Properties 6.5
6.5 State and Path Functions and Their Differential 6.5
6.6 Thermodynamic Processes. 6.7
6.7 Concept of Heat and Work. 6.8
6.8 The Zeroth law of Thermodynamics 6.10
6.9 The first law of Thermodynamics 6.11
6.10 Internal Energy and Enthalpy 6.12
6.11 Calculation of w,q E,

H for Expansion of
Ideal Gases under Isothermal &
Adiabatic Conditions for Reversible Process 6.13
6.12 Bond Dissociation Enthalpy (

bondH0) 6.14
6.13 Heat capacity 6.16
6.14. Work Obtained during Isothermal and
Adiabatic change 6.18
6.15 Temperature change 6.19
6.16 Work of expansion in Reversible Adiabatic Process 6.20
6.17 The Joule-Thomson Effect 6.21
Ch.7 Adsorption
7.1 Introduction 7.2
7.2 Terminology related to Adsorption 7.2
7.3 Adsorption Isotherm 7.3
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7.4 Mechanism of Adsorption 7.4
7.5 Difference between Surface Tension and Adsorption 7.5
7.6 Types of Adsorption 7.5
7.7 Factors Affecting The Adsorption of Gases by Solids 7.7
7.8 Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm 7.10
7.9 Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm 7.12
7.10 Applications of Adsorption 7.15
Unit - 4 : Analytical Chemistry
Ch.8 Modes of Concentration
8.1 Definition of Solution, Solvent & Solute 8.2
8.2 Examples of Solutions 8.2
8.3 Characteristics of solution 8.3
8.4 Solubility 8.3
8.5 Water is the Universal Solvent 8.4
8.6 Factors Affecting Solubility 8.4
8.7 Concentration 8.5
8.8 Standard solution 8.5
8.9 Preparation of standard solution 8.5
8.10 Equivalent weight 8.6
8.11 Concentration Representation Terms 8.7
Ch.9 Acids, Bases and Salts
9.1 Introduction 9.2
9.2 Acid Base theorems 9.2
9.3 Ionisation of Acids and Bases 9.5
9.4 The Ionization Constant of Water and
its Ionic Product 9.7
9.5 The pH Scale 9.8
9.6 Ionisation Constant 9.9
9.7 Hydrolysis of Salts and the pH of their Solutions 9.12
9.8 Buffer Solutions 9.19
Previous Year Paper - 2013