POLITEKNIK UNGKU OMAR IPOH

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

ASSIGNMENT

CC301 GEOENVIROMENTAL ENGINEERING
SESSION JUNE 2014

PREPARED BY:

BIL NAME MATRIX NO.
1 ZURKASYAH BIN ZAINUDDIN 01DKA12F1003
2 AHMAD ZULKIFLI BIN KAMARUZAMAN 01DKA12F1005
3 MUHAMMAD HAZIQ AKMAL BIN RAZALI 01DKA12F1018
4 MEOR MUHAMMAD HISHAMUDIN BIN
MEOR ZAHARI
01DKA12F1020
5 ZAHARULFARHAN BIN ZAHARI 01DKA12F1019







Question 3
(a) State the definition for molecular diffusion and turbulent diffusion
Molecular diffusion brings reactants into contact with each other and causes transport
of chemicals across boundaries. Molecular diffusion is extremely slow in causing
transport over long distance; transport is caused by the motion of the fluid itself.
Turbulent diffusion is a form of advection, but turbulent eddies tend to mix fluid
through a random characteristics similar to that of the diffusion process when viewed
from enough distance.
(b) Describe the process of contaminant enter the soil
The ways of in which contaminant absorbed into the soil and sediment varies with the
nature of the contaminant and the makeup of the soil and sediment. The composition of
the soil and sediment includes both mineral matter and inorganic matter as the primary
constituents. In the presence of water with many contaminants, water is absorbed on the
surface of mineral matter, whereas contaminants are absorbed into the organic matter by
a partition process.

























(c) The hydraulic gradient of groundwater in a certain location is 2m/100m. Groundwater in
this location flows through sand, with hydraulic conductivity equals to 40cm/day and a
porosity of 0.5. An oil spill has caused the pollution of the groundwater in a small region
beneath an industrial site. Estimated the duration of the polluted water from that location to
reach a drinking well located 100m down gradient? Assume no retardation of pollutants
movement.

Hydraulic gradient () =

= 0.02
Hydraulic conductivity =

= 0.4 m/day
Q = K A
= 1.5 (1.35 x 103) (6.67 x 10)
= 1.351x103

/day
Darcy velocity
Vd = K

= 0.4(0.02)
= 0.008 m/day
Vtrue =

= 0.016 m/day

= 6250 day


Question 4
(a) State the definition for interfacial transfer, multiphase transport and chemical fate
Interfacial transfer is the transport of a chemical across an interface. It is absorption
and volatilization, or condensation and evaporation which is the transport of a chemical
across the air-water interface. Another form of interfacial transfer would be adsorption
and desorption, generally from water or air to the surface of a particle of soil, sediment or
dust.
Multiphase transport is the transport of more than one phase, usually partially mixed in
some fashion. The setting of particles in water or air, the fall of drops and the rise of
bubbles in water are all examples of the multiphase transport.
Chemical fate is the eventual short term or long term disposition of chemicals, usually
another chemical or storage. The short term fate will be that the polychlorinated biphenyl
(PCB) will primarily adsorb to the soil. The long term fate is that the chemical will
desorbs when the PCB water has left and eventually be bio remediated by micro bacteria
looking for carbon sources.
(b) Describe behavior of DNAPL compounds in groundwater
DNAPL compounds because of their high density tend to sink in ground water
systems. Often this compound has lower viscosity than water so they tend to sink
according to the pattern known as viscous fingering fate. As they sink they leave a trail
residual DNAPL compound among solid and liquid. A DNAPL phase will continue to
sink until it completely disperses among the soil and water phases.











(c) An industrial area built in a limestone aquifer, in which all the permeability and porosity is
due to horizontal fissures, with an average permeability 5m/day but effective porosity only
0.1%. If the aquifer has 7.5km of thickness and 18m of width. Two wells have been excavated
separated 1.5km in flow direction. Water level in the first wells near is 40m and in the second
one is 30m. Hydraulic conductivity is 1.5m/day. Determine water flow through the aquifer per
day, velocity pollutant in groundwater and time to take for the pollutant from industrial to
reach the well.

Area = 7.5x1000 m
= 7.5x10
3
m x 18 m
= 135x10
3
m
2

Hydraulic gradient = (40 30)
1500
= 6.67 x 10
Q = K A i
= 1.5 (1.35 x 10
3
) ( 6.67 x 10 )
= 1.351 x 10
3
m
3
/day
Darcy velocity
Vd = K dh/dx
= 5 x 6.67x

= 0.033 m/day
Vtrue = Vd/n
=

= 33 m/day

= 45.45 days