6.

''6
THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE.
ir.
Itetoie; tlicsc are c.ilKd
framed tuul hdr/ed doors. A door, properly made, is formed t)y
framing and fitting pieces of stuff together .if tlie same thickness; those wliich ar
horizontal
(_/?</.
746".) AAAA heing called rail and those which are vertical I3BBB bein"
called stiles. These form a skeleton into which pamh, usually of a less thickness, are
fitted. And this, indeed, is tlie general practice in all systems of framed joinery.
In
doors, tlie upper rails are called top rails; the next in descending,
frieze rails;
the next, wliich are usually wider than the two first, are called the lock or
miihi/e rads
;
and the lowest, from their situation, are called huttom rails.
The
stiles on the flanks are culled outsile stile.'i, and those in the middle are called
middle stiles. The piinels are also named from their situations on the door;
thus CC, being the uppermost, are called
///e^p panels; tlie next DD are
called middle panels, anA EE bottom panels. The rails and stiles are wedded
together, being previously morticed and tenoned into each other. The student
should, however, to obtain a clear comprehension of the method adopted, see
a door put together at the bench. The varieties and forms of doors are
dependent upon the will of the architect, from whom the design of the whole emanates;
it will be, therefore, here suflicient to mention the three sorts, viz. the common door, just
described
;
tlie jib door, wliich is m:ide with the same finishings and appearance as the
room in which it is placed, so as not to have the appearance of a door; and, lastly,
folding
doors, which open from the centre of the doorway, and are used for making a wider com-
miii;ication between two apartments than a common door will permit, or, in other words,
to lay two rooms into one.
2130a. A patent safety and escape door, applicable for all position?, has been produced to
supply the demand of the authorities that all doors in public buiklings be made to open
outwards. This invention consists of a door within a door, one opening inward, the other
outward; the inner door being so constructed that on a rush it yields to the pressure.
Sufficient fittings are provided to afford security as well. Messrs. Cliuhh have pioduced a
door, having a superimposed spring panel on the inside of the door, in which the lock is
en)bedded. While a smart knock, or even a slight pressure, on this panel causes the double
doors to fly open outward, it is impossible to open the door from the outside without a key.
2)31. Though the panelling of framed work is generally sunk witnin the face of the
framing, it is for outside work sometimes made flush. In the best flush woik, the panels
are surrounded with a bead formed on the edge of the framing, and the work is called
bead andflush. In the commoner kind of flush framing, the bead is run only on the two
ed;i;es of the panel in the direction of the fibres, and is called bead and butt.
2132. The diflEerent denominations of framed doors, according to tlieir mouldings and
panels and framed work in general, are shown in section of panel iind frame. Fig. 747.
represents the commonest door
;
it is technically described, first mentioning the nunil er
The number of panels
(See Specifications.)
of panels intended in it, as a door square and
fiat panel both sides.
will not be repeated in the following explanations of the figures.
2134. Fig. 748. represents the rail and panel of a door, with a quirked ovoio and a
fillet on one side, but having no mouldings on the other. The panel flat on both sides, it
is described as a door with quirked ovolo,
fillet and
flat with sqnare back.
21.S5. Fig. 749. only differs from the last in having a bead instead of a fillet, and is
described as quirked ovolo, bead and
fat panel with square back.
2135. Fig. 750., with an additional fillet on the framing, is described as ^j^/V/^e^ oroZo,
head Jillet and
fiat
panel with square buck. The back, in the foregoing and following cases,
is described as square, because of its having no mouldings on the framing, and of the panel
being a straight surface on one side of the door.
21,')7.
\nfig.
751. the framing is formed with a quirked ogee, and a quirked bead on one
side and square on the other, the surface of the panel being straight on both sides, and the
door is described as quirked ogee, quirked bead and
flat
panel with square back.
2138. Fig. 7.52. only differs from the last in the bead being raised above the lower part
of the ogee and a fillet It is described as quirked ogee, cocked bead and
flat
panel with
(quare buck.