760

THEORY OF ARCHITECTURE.
Eook II.
22S4c'. Mason.
Eor ii biu-k staircvst, carry up and construct ;i staircase from tlie basement to the
principal floor, with solid Yorkshire quarry steps 13 inclies wide and
6s
inches
high, properly back-jointed and pinned into the brickwork
;
cut holes for the iron
bH;ustrades. N.B. Tliis sort of staircase of Portland will serve also for back
staiis of upper flights. That from the basement may also be made of granite
street curb, 12 by
7 or 8 inches. A staircase may, for cheapness, be made of
Yorkshire stone paving 3 inches thick, wrought with fair tooled edges, and securely
pinned into the brickwork.
Principal stairs to be of Portland stone (as maybe), to exteni from principal to . . .
floor, with steps and square (or semicirculai-, as may be) landings, entirely of solid
stone, tailed 9 inches into the brickwork, with moulded nosings and returned
nosings, and also at the back. The sofites to be moulded to the shapes of the ends
of the steps. The landings to be 6 inches thick, with moulded nosings and joggled
joints, run with lead, to be inserted at least 4 inches in the walls, but such as tail
into the walls, as steps, must go at least 9 inches into the walls. When the under
sides of the steps of the geometrical staircase are not moulded, the nosings are
returned so as to fall beyond the upright line of the succeeding tread
;
in this case
the sofite or string is plain wrought.
The steps to the sandiiary and chancel of a church to be of rubbed Portland, Red
Mansfield, Robin Hood, CVaigleith, or other hard stone, or of marble, in lengths
of not less than 1 feet, very carefully set and bedded, pinned, joggle jointed, and
run and plugged with lead, and back-jointed to receive tile paving.
Tave the entrance liall and principal staircase, together with (any passage, &c.),
with the best . . . marble, and border according to the pattern drawn. The back
staircase (and such other parts as require it) to be paved with Portland stone
2 inches thick, laid in squares, and with a border 8 inches square.
Where stori]
fosts are used in a front, it is well to place along the front two pieces
of parallel square Aberdeen or other good granite curh, 12 inches by 9 inches, cut
out to receive the bases of the columns and story posts.
Pave the scullery, larder, pantry, passages, lobbies (and other snch places as may
require mention), with rubbed Y^orkshire stone 2^ inches thick, laid in regular
courses with close rubbed joints
Pave the bottom of the air drain with Y'orkshire paving.
Yards may be paved with 2g-inch Y'orkshire paving, or such other as the place
affords, as in common use. The same to basement stories.
Pave (if a church) the entrance passage, porches, &c., where coloured on plan,
with Minton's (or other) encaustic tiles, one third (or more or less) being figured,
combined with chocolate and black tiles, A^alue . . . per yard superficial, manu-
facturers' prices. Pave the chancel (usually with richer tiles) with tiles value . . .
per yard superficial.
The Hied
floor (when laid on joists): Spike fillets to joit.ts at 3 inches below their
upper surfaces; fill in between the same wiih inch rough boarding. The vacuity
to be filled up with pugging of concrete flush with tlie upper surface, finished with
a layer inch thick of Roman cement smoothly floated to receive the tiles.
Dairy to be paved witli . . . stone (or marble) in regular courses, . . . inches thick.
Provide a shelf or dresser round the said dairy of veined marble (or slate) 1 inch
thick, and a skirting round it 6 inches high. The dresser to go into the wall
1 inch, and to be supported on veined marble piers 4 inches square.
To fit up the ivine cellar with bins, as per drawing, with 2-ineli Yorkshire stone
shelves (some prefer slate), fairly tooled, supported on half-brick uprights, all set
in cement. A cellular hexagonal brick has been patented by King and Smith;
of Weedon, to be used to form the wall of a vault
;
each is hollow and open
at the inner extremity, so that each brick becomes the receptacle for a bottle.
They are made of three different sizes.
To provide and fix a warm bath of veined marble ; rendered waterproof by being pro-
perly set in Dutch tarras, and plugged and cramped with copper at the joints, with
all requisite finishing. A marble step round two sides of the bath. Cut all holes
necessary for laying on the water. A bath, if a fixture, may be similarly made of
slate, which is of course much cheaper.
Where iron girders are used, describe .... pieces of granite street curb, or 3-in.
Yorkshire stone, as corbels or plates, each .... long and .... wide, to receive
the ends of the iron girders.
Where chimneys project without support from below, corbels must be described pro-
portioned to the weight they have to carry. The best cnrhel, however, is the grti-
fiual projection of the work by inverted steps, which, if there be height to hide
them, should always be the mode of execution.