[Enter your name here] [Your instructor] [Course code number] [Date] Importance of banning abortion Abortion has always been and will continue to be a profoundly controversial topic. Pro life and Pro choice supporters of the abortion issue have long put forward their best arguments providing salient reasons on why it should or should not be illegal. Abortion in the researchers opinion is the sacrificial termination of a pregnancy or a developing fetus before it reaches full term, most times for reasons convenient to its condoners. To all women and other supporters of abortion; life is a blessing, it is indeed a blessing to be able to conceive life-preserve it! Let she that is without sin cast the first abortion! Society, neighbors, law makers and government officials, indeed abortion is murder. Lets not condone or empower our women to kill their own flesh and blood. The good book preaches that we should not kill, but yet pro choice supporters argue that it is a womans body and a womans choice. It is her body alright! Abortion should indeed be illegal and banned. It not only reinforces responsibility in the persons considering it but it also reduces the chances of reckless sex that constitutes to unwanted pregnancies. Is it that woman want to now treat pregnancies like groceries or a pair of fake Gucci shoes? If the groceries are stale and the shoes didnt fit perfectly with your dress, youd return them and be like can I get a refund?? Abortion is cruel and should not be treated as a birth control method or a solution to extensive population growth. It is merely infancy murder and is no different from any other offenses of murder. I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 2
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Kierra Johnson, Executive Director of Choice USA, in a recent debate about making abortion illegal once argued that, banning abortion doesnt make it go away, instead it makes it dangerous. She further went on to quote statistics related to maternal deaths and unsafe abortions and referred to Latin America and the Caribbean in the process. However, Johnsons most selfish argument came when she stated that women are fighting for recognition and their lives have values, they deserve full futures and should have the luxury to choose whats right for them even if it makes someone else uncomfortable. Not opposing the value of a womans life, or else the researcher wouldnt be any better than that of the abortion supporters themselves-but what about the values of the lives of the unborn babies??? Dont they deserve full futures too? A life is a life no matter how small and such should be respected. Johnson was selfish and lets thank god her mother didnt abort her or else we wouldnt have been so privileged to challenge her nonsensical arguments on abortion today. These babies have been ruthlessly removed from their mothers wombs and have been robbed of a chance to prove to even their mothers how great they could have turned out. Just maybe there would have been a cure for AIDS by now, and they could have implemented new strategies to grow our economy, taught us not to be so selflish and most importantly helped us to understand and respect the true meaning of life. President of the National Organization for Women, Terry ONeill further augments Kierra Johnsons position on abortion as they are both supporters of it. During ONeills argument, she augmented that since abortion has been made legal in the US, the numbers of deaths relating to complications caused from abortions have fallen to nearly zero- a fact supported by the Orlando Womens Center. Nonetheless, while this may sound promising ONeill did not delve into the effects of it later down, primarily because it will warrant her arguments just as useless as Johnsons. I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 3
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Wind as a Source of Alternative Energy
Sky rocketing oil prices and increased threatening and concurrent hazardous environmental effects have propelled us on a quest to find other modes of alternative energy sources. Research makes it evident that the future looks bright with possibilities of energy consumption being generated solely from sources of renewable energy. Jessa Tega, author of Introduction to Alternate Energy describes renewable energy as that of an infinite supply; such as wind and solar whilst nationalgeographic.com conclusively described sunshine as an inevitably abundant source of energy and as long as the sun shines the wind will blow. Amongst all alternative power sources, solar power is probably regarded as the most recognized of all sources of alternative energy, but since it isnt the only source of renewable power, this research examines wind power as an alternative energy source. Wind energy is a much greener or cleaner type of generated power supply which emits no water or air pollution compared to fossil fuel energy and proves to carry fewer maintenance costs after a wind turbine has been erected compared to traditional energy sources. Understanding the Wind Turbine and how it Works I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 4
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At first glance, a wind turbine resembles a giant mechanical fan, but indeed this piece of mechanical innovation has been around for many years and hopefully will be around for many more as it is used to produce an environmentally friendly form of green energy known as wind power. The process of extracting this kind of energy from the wind occurs when the wind turbines convert the kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy (which occurs when the blades of the wind turbine spin and turn the generator) which is then converted into electricity. Composed of a blade and an enclosed structure called a nacelle which contains a drive train, wind turbines are often observed in multiples covering several square kilometres known as wind farms, these turbines are mounted on bases between 80-100 meters high with offshore turbines being higher. (Right, Anton) Ideally the most sensible place for a wind turbine is as the name suggests, somewhere that is constantly windy, but also free from turbulences. Reviewed literature expressed that the blades of the wind turbines start spinning when the wind speed picks up between 7.5-9.5 miles per hour up until its strongest point between 50-55 miles per hour. Wind turbines are optimized for performance as they are controlled by a computer motor which ensures they are always facing the wind. Typically, wind turbines are of two particular make up-their axis is either horizontal or vertical with the main difference between the two being that a wind turbine with a vertical axis characteristic does not necessarily need to face the wind to spin rendering them Omni-directional and requiring very little complex installations. Another advantage of the vertical axis wind turbine is it can be installed in areas that experience slower wind speeds and have limited space. Nonetheless, compared to the vertical axis wind turbines, horizontal wind turbines tend to be more effective. I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 5
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[Enter your name here] [Your instructor] [Course code number] 6 June 2014 The Bitcoin The invention of the internet has opened up endless possibilities. Its impact on Finance and Economics alone has been absolutely astounding. The internet has paved the way and gave birth to a virtual environment where important businesses and transactions can be completed without hassle. For many years, programmers have dreamt of one day using the internet to create a digital currency totally independent from that of a traditional banking system. Many have tried to execute this philosophy of creating a digital currency that could be used as traditional money but they have all failed in the making. Ecash, Bitgold, RPOW and B-money are just some prime examples of such failure. (Benjamin Wallace, The Rise and Fall of Bitcoin) Regardless of that, it was in 2008, that another attempt of digital currency creation was executed, this time a little more successful than previous attempts. Presented to us in 2008 was the Bitcoin.
Bitcoin Explained The development of Bitcoins has made both clients and investors alike become overwhelmingly fascinated with the new era of digital currency. Categorically, described as a decentralized currency, Bitcoin is in fact a peer-to-peer currency system designed using a special programming code, but despite being made of a predictable programming language, it is almost impossible for a user to spend a coin twice. This virtual currency neither takes the form of notes I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 6
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or coins as one might guess. Instead, Techopedia describes Bitcoin as merely a digital crypto currency made solely of chunks of data blocks, created with a Bitcoin Mining Client. Still, acquiring this cash or coins, if one may so desire to call them that, is very easy and can be stored just as easily using a virtual wallet. This digital wallet is in fact a type of software that can be installed on computers and mobile devices, which provided that there is an internet connection, can be accessed from anywhere in world. Once a wallet is established, this enables transfers amongst persons who have a Bitcoin address and a virtual wallet. Research confirmed that there are three ways to earn new coins-either buying them on the exchange market, accepting them as payments for products and services or by mining. The process of mining refers to the discovery of new coins, somewhat like mining gold. Author of CNBC Explains: How To Mine Bitcoins On Your Own, Anthony Valestro, published an article on the 23 rd of January 2014, explaining that discovering these gold treasures is simply done by verifying Bitcoin transactions. The article further illustrated with an example. Chavelle bought an air conditioning unit from Matthew using a Bitcoin. The role of these miners now, is to pass this transaction along with all other transactions as genuine. Sources also reveal that these transactions are stored in boxes known as block chains secured with virtual padlocks. Miners will then begin to run software to find the key to that padlock. Once a computer discovers this key, the box is open and the transaction is verified. The miner is then rewarded twenty-five (25) newly generated Bitcoins. Data cited by Valastro from blockchain.info also revealed it could take up to two million attempts to find the correct key, but in spite of that, this 25-coins reward is issued every ten (10) minutes. History of the Bitcoin I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 7
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Cross-referenced data from some business and investment sources online have unanimously concluded that the Bitcoin was invented or created by Satoshi Nakamoto, an anonymous hacker in 2008, who withdrew from the project in 2010. An investopedia published article from March of this year, authored by John Kelleher agreed with this statement to some extent. He went on to further state that Satoshi Nakamoto is potentially a pseudonymous name associated with the person or group of people who released the original Bitcoin whitepaper in 2008 and the software in 2009. This said source also revealed that the domain name Bitcoin.org was registered August 18, 2008 and to this day is still WhoisGuard Protected. Hence the identity of the person who created it is not available to anyone. Then two months later, on October 31, someone made an announcement on a cryptography mailing list under the name Satoshi Nakamoto. The announcement quoted from Kellehers article read Ive been working on a new electronic cash system thats fully peer-to-peer, with no trusted third party.. The announcement also published a link for a white paper (which is the backbone of how Bitcoins operate today) which lead back to the domain name that was registered in August. January 3, 2009 saw the first Bitcoin block being mined; known as block 0 or the Genesis Block and even contains the text Times 03/Jan/2009 Chancellor on brink of second bailout for banks. Kelleher made a kick at the media for assuming or creating the illusion that Satoshi was some genius who created Bitcoin from the top of his head and stressed that history has taught us better than that as he made references to Isaac Newton and Einstein who practically became famous for evolving or building on previously existed research. Bitcoins white paper alone shows similarities in research to other failed precursors. Instead, Kelleher prefers to look at the I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 8
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Bitcoin and its creator (s) as a more developed and successful adaptation of Adam Backs Hashcash, Wei Dais B-Money and Nick Szabos Bit-gold. Rise and fall of Bitcoin The advanced progression of this digital currency has been gradual and impressive since its creation. According to an article published by Nikhil Kumar in The Independent The Dazzling Rise & Fall Of Bitcoin, there are about 11 million Bitcoins currently in circulation and that number is expected to increase to 21 million by the year 2040. Despite such an ambitious figure, Bitcoins are debated by some experts as being finite in supply which will become a major drawback in the future. Twins, Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss, famous for suing Mark Zuckerberg, Facebook Founder for allegedly stealing their idea, are reportedly Bitcoins biggest investors. The twins have demonstrated excitement and curiosity at the idea of having, spending and collecting digital cash-digital cash that so far has not been discredited as a viable option to fiat currency. To better augment the value of this digital currency, Bitcoins, like any other national currency, have been publicly traded on different stock markets from as early as 2009, once with a peak value of $ 270 USD, but later fell to $ 105 USD in April 2013 due to fluctuation. However, unlike other regular currencies, Bitcoins are not made by nor issued by any governments, neither is it controlled by a central banking system. Instead, this digital currency is controlled by the Bitcoin Foundation, which is a body set up to ensure proper maintenance of standards across the Bitcoin. I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 9
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Nellie McClung The evolution of a womans place in society has been astounding and their achievements widespread and well deserved. Gone are the days, a man or anyone for that matter can say, A womans place is in the kitchen as these old fashioned traditions have long been worn and by now it is clear that a womans place is anywhere her ambitions desire. They have progressed significantly from the minority status that branded them from previous societal culture. Women everywhere have fought long and hard for their place in society, they have proven themselves and today they are recognized as government officials, CEOs, established professionals, sometimes the Head of their household and now have access to certain rights and privileges. Today without a care, a Canadian woman can dream of a life of independence and equal rights and justice for all. Nellie McClung, a Canadian Activist is credited for the progress of the women in todays Canadian society. She was the voice for the women who didnt have the privilege to speak and her contribution to fighting for womens rights is the reason they can obtain white collar jobs and favourable divorce and custody laws. She is famous for her superb humoured public speaking and determinant abilities to get women recognized and accepted as individuals who deserve equal rights and other privileges. Background of Nellie McClung I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 10
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Nellie Letitia Mooney was a Canadian Feminist, suffragist, social reformer, legislator, author and politician. Born in Chatsworth on October 20 th 1873, she was raised on a homestead in rural Manitoba and is an inspiration to women everywhere. Her father was an Irish Methodist and her mother a Scottish Presbyterian. Nellie McClung helped to shape the history of womens rights in Canada. Inspired by Dickens novels she decided that she wanted to be the voice for the voiceless as Dickens was a defender for the weak. Cross referenced literature declared that Mooney started school at the age of 10 but by the age of 16 had received a teaching certificate and taught school, which was a highly respected profession for women at the time, until she wed Robert Wesley McClung, a pharmacist in 1896. The couple had four children and produced a fifth when they relocated to Winnipeg and from all sources seemed to have had a happy and productive marriage. Nellie McClungs contributions to Canada McClung had contributed greatly to Canada actively campaigning for womens suffrage, safety legislations, prohibition of the sale of alcohol, labour reforms, mothers allowances, public health nursing, free medical and dental care for children, divorce laws and property rights. McClung had a rather extensive career profile; a rural school teacher, a published author, public speaker, politician and human rights activist-all of which are interconnected together and helped her to achieve victory in her campaigns. She was a part of numerous womens rights group, all of which served unique purposes. It was during her time as a teacher, she learnt about the emerging social reforms in Manitoba and quickly became involved. By that time, she was already a member of the Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) for which her mother-in-law was President. I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 11
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The main role of the WCTU was to campaign for reforms relating to social and health problems caused by alcohol as well as social problems affecting women and children. She used it as a starting point for her developing activist and political career and by 1911 was actively campaigning for women to have the right to vote. McClung later lead a 1914 liberal campaign against Sir Rodmon Roblins conservative government which denied women the right to vote. In an effort to defeat him, McClung who is noted to be a very humoured public speaker decided to host a satirical play the Womens Parliament which made fun at the dangers of giving men the right to vote. Roblin was played by McClung and she impersonated him uproariously in her performance. Despite the re-election of Roblins government, they only served a short term. He was defeated by the suffragists and succeeded by the new Liberal government who gave women the right to vote in 1916 (except for Asian and first nation descents who didnt vote until after World War II). McClung also co-founded the Manitoba Political Equality League in 1912 and the role of this organization was to help female wage earners and she was also a member of the Canadian Womens Press Club. The strong head activist later joined the Edmonton Equal Franchise League and further in 1921 became a Liberal member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta. It was here she fought for mothers allowances, divorce laws, property rights for married women and free medical and dental care for children.
I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 12
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Lin Dan-Olympic Badminton Champion A left handed Badminton mega sports star, Lin Dan or Super Dan as he is known by his fan circle is a four time all England Champion and currently the reigning Olympic Champion. The 29-year old sports star of Chinese descent is unanimously regarded as not one of the greatest, but the greatest of all players in badminton history. Indeed, Lin Dan boasts a rather colorful and well ordained proven track record of achievements throughout his career to date. Born in Fujian China on October 14, 1983, Lin was encouraged to play piano by his parents but instead chose to go against their wish and play badminton. The badminton star has been ranked number one for most of his career and has accumulated over 100 gold, silver and bronze medals in both singles and team titles. At the age of 13, Lin joined the Sports Troops of the Peoples Liberation Army and the National Badminton Team in 2001 at the age of 18. When not on the court, Lin takes up his loyal duties as a Colonel with the Peoples Liberation Army. Dan Lin made history for his three consecutive World Championship Wins between 2006 and 2009. His unique and unmatchable style of play has kept him on top, as Super Dan intimidates his opponents with his swift left handed smashes and movements across the court. Described often as a very dynamic player who sometimes has a temper, critics say Super Dans unique style of play allows him to recover from attacking shots from his opponents and hit them with some very uncanny wrist movements. I n s e r t L a s t N a m e H e r e | 13
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Dan Lin began dominating Badminton in 2002, losing only twice in 2006 and 2009 to Malaysian rival Lee Chong Wei. His blossoming career started at the age of 20 on a good foot too as he won the All England Open in 2004, sending greetings of defeat to Denmarks Peter Gade. It was all uphill after that for Lins career as he competed with and stripped titles from other opponents savoring them with the taste of defeat. Apart from being famous for his quick left handed smashes, Dan Lin has been known for being a temperamental fellow. On one occasion it was reported that he struck his coach Ji Xinpeng in front of his teammates and reporters allegedly because he was unhappy with the coachs choice of starting line-up for the tournament and on another occasion snapped at reporters who uncovered his secret marriage. On the other hand, what is there not to like about Dan Lin? First of all, he brings action and life to the court; he always brings his A-game and well, he never forgets his flamboyancy. He has been bashed many times for his flamboyant style but it is very rare you will find a superstar today who is not flamboyant. Dan Lin is a professional player who almost never loses a match and there is very much to be ostentatious about right there. No one described the bad boy of badminton, Lin Dan better than Harry Gray. According to Gray, no one made it very far by playing safe. He further described Lin as a person who always speaks his mind. As a result he rarely ever plays it safe. (Lin Dan: Bad Boy of Badminton). Probably that is why Dan Lin is such an outstanding player.