(Universidad Del Per, DECANA DE AMRICA)

INTRODUCCIN A LA
MICROBIOLOGA
IMPORTANCIA, CLASIFICACIN
DE LOS MICROORGANISMOS,
CARACTERSTICAS CLULA
PROCARIOTA PROCARIOTA,
HISTORIA
Mg. Sc. Estela Memenza Z.
2013 - II

S
I
M
P
L
E

V
I
S
T
A

M
I
C
R
O
S
C
O
P
I
O

P
T
I
C
O

M
I
C
R
O
S
C
O
P
I
O

E
L
E
C
T
R

N
I
C
O

1nm
= 10
-9
m
10nm
= 10
-8
m
100nm
= 10
-7
m
1 m
= 10
-6
m
10 m
= 10
-5
m
100 m
= 10
-4
m
1 mm
= 10
-3
m
10 mm
= 10
-4
m
100 mm
= 10
-1
m
1000 mm
= 1 m
Molculas
pequeas
Protenas
Virus
Rickettsias
Clamidias
Micoplasmas
Mitocondrias
Mayora de la bacterias
Gusanos
Protozoos grandes
Tamao relativo de los
organismos y las molculas

Hongos
Fitoplasmas
(Cianobacterias,

etc).
- Microbes and microbial products
- Biofertilizers
- Bio-pesticides (Biological control agents)
- Composting agro-industrial wastes
- Composition of agro-industrial wastes
- Production of microbial metabolites
Organic acids
Flavour and aroma compounds
Enzymes
Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)
Bioactive compounds
Microbial pigments
Production of protein enriched feed
Polysaccharides
- Bio-plastics
- Bio-fuels
- Bio-remediation
The current status and trends in the use of microorganisms in Agro-
industrial processes
Conversion of lignocellulose into valuable products using solid state
fermentatio (SSF)
Conversion of lignocellulose into valuable products using solid state
fermentatio (SSF)
Conversion of lignocellulose into valuable products using solid state
fermentatio (SSF)
Conversion of lignocellulose into valuable products using solid state
fermentatio (SSF)
Microorganisms and their specific functions in gro-industrial processes
Microorganisms and their specific functions in gro-industrial processes
Microorganisms and their
specific functions in gro-
industrial processes
TRENDS IN GLOBAL MARKET FOR MICROBES AND
MICROBIAL PRODUCTS, 2010-2016
($ MILLIONS)
Clula Procariota
Clula Eucariota
nico, circular
Ms de uno
Cromosomas
Ausente
Presente
Ncleo
Ausente
Organizadas en sistemas
membranosos
Organelas
Generalmente presente
Presente en clulas
vegetales
Pared Celular
Sin carbohidratos, carece
de esteroles
Presente carbohidratos y
esteroles
Membrana plasmtica
70 S
80 S (70 S en los
orgnulos)
Ribosomas
0.2 2 m
10 100 m
Tamao
Comparacin
entre
clulas procariotas
y eucariotas
Ausente
Uno o varios
ARN + Protenas
Ncleolo
En los repliegues de la
mb
Mitocondrias,
cloroplastos
Enzimas y pigmentos
Fisin binaria
Mitosis / Meiosis
Reproduccin
Sistema de clasificacin propuesto por Carl Woese (1978):
BACTERIAS
ARCHAEA
EUKARYA
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Levaduras, mohos, setas
Algas, protozoos
Musgos, helechos, conferas,
plantas con floracin
Esponja, parsitos, insectos,
vertebrados
GRACIAS